BA\u015eLARKEN…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Amerika<\/a>\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler kurdu. \u0130ngilizler, Hollandal\u0131lar, Almanlarla ba\u015flayan hik\u00e2yenin en tan\u0131nan akt\u00f6rleri \u0130talyanlar, \u0130rlandal\u0131lar, Yahudiler oldu. Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan gelen Ermeniler ve Rumlar bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde kendince bir iz b\u0131rakt\u0131. T\u00fcrkler ise ayn\u0131 umutlarla \u2018Yeni D\u00fcnya\u2019ya geldikleri halde uzun s\u00fcre kendilerini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karamad\u0131. Oysa T\u00fcrklerin Amerika maceras\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan Amerika\u2019ya ilk gidenler Rumlar ve Ermenilerdi… \u00d6zellikle 1909\u2019da gayrim\u00fcslimler i\u00e7in askerli\u011fin mecburi hale gelmesinden sonra bir\u00e7ok gen\u00e7 yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7mak i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat<\/a> aramaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul<\/a>\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma askerlik<\/a> \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinin Amerika\u2019ya gitti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Misyonerler \u00f6nayak oldu<\/strong> Yahudi<\/a> tur\u015fucular<\/strong>
\n– Akademisyenlerin \u2018birinci dalga\u2019 dedi\u011fi Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan gelen ilk g\u00f6\u00e7menler para kazand\u0131ktan sonra \u2018H\u0131ristiyan bir \u00fclkede g\u00f6m\u00fclmemek i\u00e7in\u2019 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.
\n– 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda gelen \u2018ikinci dalga\u2019 m\u00fchendisler, doktorlar, askerlerden olu\u015fuyordu. Modern ve e\u011fitimliydiler. \u00c7o\u011fu Amerikal\u0131larla evlenerek burada yeni bir hayat kurdu. Ancak h\u0131zla asimile olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir zaman g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir topluluk haline gelemediler.
\n– Avrupa<\/a>\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmenin iyice zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle Karadeniz<\/a> ve \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu<\/a>\u2019dan gelen yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 bin ki\u015fi ise hem\u015fehrilik ba\u011flar\u0131yla birbirine kenetlendi ve ilk kez ciddi bir Amerikal\u0131-T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu kurdu.
\nABD<\/a>\u2019de bug\u00fcn<\/a> 500 bine yak\u0131n T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli vatanda\u015f\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yaz\u0131 dizimizde bug\u00fcnden itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca onlar\u0131n maceralar\u0131n\u0131, hayallerini, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar\u0131 anlataca\u011f\u0131z. Elbette onlara dair yaz\u0131lacak \u00e7ok \u015fey var. T\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda gelen e\u011fitimli kesimin entegrasyonu, her y\u0131l \u00f6zellikle do\u011fu yakas\u0131na ak\u0131n eden \u00f6\u011frencilerin faaliyetleri, farkl\u0131 cemaatlerin \u00fclkedeki artan etkinli\u011fi, Amerikal\u0131-T\u00fcrklerin siyasetle imtihan\u0131 ayr\u0131 birer dizi<\/a> konusu olabilir. Ancak konuyu s\u0131n\u0131rlamak zorunda oldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in biz akademisyenlerin tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 dalga g\u00f6\u00e7men toplulu\u011funu ve \u00f6zelliklerini mercek alt\u0131na almakla yetinece\u011fiz.
\nKaynak: Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc anlatan akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Profes\u00f6r Kemal Karpat edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u2018Turkish Migration to the United States\u2019 kitab\u0131nda topland\u0131. Yaz\u0131 dizimizdeki tarihi bilgilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu kitaptaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya ilk yola \u00e7\u0131kanlar Rumlard\u0131… Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve tarih\u00e7i R\u0131fat Bali\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re 1821-45 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki topraklar\u0131ndan 156 bin, Anadolu\u2019dan ise 205 bin Rum Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fti. \u2018Neden Geldim \u0130stanbul\u2019a\u2019 isimli \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n orijinali olan \u2018Neden Geldim Amerika\u2019ya\u2019 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ahilleas Pulos isimli bir Rum taraf\u0131ndan New York<\/a>\u2019taki bir Osmanl\u0131 kahvehanesinde kaydedilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\nAmerika\u2019ya giden ikinci grup Ermenilerdi. 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren h\u0131z kazanan g\u00f6\u00e7lere Amerikal\u0131 misyonerler \u00f6n ayak oldu. Harput b\u00f6lgesinde (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Elaz\u0131\u011f<\/a>, Malatya<\/a> ve Diyarbak\u0131r) faaliyet g\u00f6steren misyonerlerin yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla 1834-1914 aras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019dan 65 bin 950 Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Sadece Bing\u00f6l<\/a>\u2019\u00fcn Ki\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinden 2 bin ki\u015fi New York, Illinois, Michigan eyaletlerine yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\nSefarad Yahudileri ise \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul\u2019un Yahudi mahallesi Hask\u00f6y<\/a>\u2019\u00fcn 1908 yang\u0131n\u0131nda k\u00fcl olmas\u0131 ve Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019ndan sonra g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1890-1907 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya 2 bin 738 Yahudi g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fti. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise bu rakam 30 bine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. R\u0131fat Bali\u2019nin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hask\u00f6yl\u00fc Nesim\u2019e g\u00f6re o g\u00fcnlerde New York sokaklar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul tipi tur\u015fu satan Osmanl\u0131 Yahudi\u2019lerine s\u0131k s\u0131k rastlan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>