{"id":842,"date":"2013-04-25T01:24:53","date_gmt":"2013-04-24T22:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=842"},"modified":"2019-07-18T23:45:46","modified_gmt":"2019-07-18T21:45:46","slug":"100-yilinda-balkan-savaslari-gafletle-gelen-maglubiyet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/100-yilinda-balkan-savaslari-gafletle-gelen-maglubiyet\/","title":{"rendered":"100. y\u0131l\u0131nda Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131: Gafletle gelen ma\u011flubiyet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<div id=\"newsSpot\"><span>Askerin siyasete m\u00fcdahalesi, ordunun politik kampla\u015fmas\u0131, ikmal eksiklikleri, uzak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften yoksunluk ve daha fazlas\u0131\u2026 Netice, 1912-1913 Balkan facias\u0131. 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k Rumeli\u2019den kopu\u015f. Y\u00fcz binlerce muhacir, ma\u011fdur ve mazlum\u2026<!--more--><\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"newsText\">\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/medya.aksiyon.com.tr\/aksiyon\/2012\/10\/22\/balkan-kapak-01.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/medya.aksiyon.com.tr\/aksiyon\/2012\/10\/22\/balkan-kapak-01.jpg?resize=582%2C291\" width=\"582\" height=\"291\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a>Kitab\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201cBalkan Harbi\u2019ni Ni\u00e7in Kaybettik?\u201d Yazar\u0131 belli de\u011fil. Muharrir k\u0131sm\u0131nda sadece elif var. Bir rivayete g\u00f6re Ali \u0130hsan (Sabis) Pa\u015fa kaleme alm\u0131\u015f. Yay\u0131mlayan ise T\u00fcccarz\u00e2de \u0130brahim Hilmi. Tarihe \u2018hezimet\u2019 diye kaydedilen yenilginin sebepleri s\u0131ralan\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik \u00f6yle sayfalar dolusu de\u011fil. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7er\u00e7eve 30 yaprakta \u00f6zetlenmi\u015f. Tespitler gayet net. Siyas\u00ee hatalar, asker\u00ee haz\u0131rl\u0131klardaki noksanl\u0131klar, deniz kuvvetlerine ehemmiyet vermeme ve milletin hatalar\u0131\u2026 Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara metin i\u00e7erisinde de\u011finilecek. \u015eimdilik \u00f6ns\u00f6zdeki ile yetinelim. Zira, tarihe bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201cmuzafferiyetler\u201d ekseni d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k(a)mayan bizler i\u00e7in fazlas\u0131yla \u00f6nemli: \u201cBir musibet, bin nasihatten evl\u00e2d\u0131r; o h\u00e2lde felaketimizden ibret almak gereklidir. Bunun i\u00e7in felaketin sebepleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Biz \u00f6zellikle \u015fu son as\u0131rda pe\u015fi s\u0131ra gelen felaketlere, ma\u011flubiyetlere \u015fahit olduk. Fakat hi\u00e7birinde akl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za getiremedik. Bunun sebebi, felaketin etkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymamaktan kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Hatalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 gizleyerek gelecekte tekrarlanmas\u0131na meydan vermektense, \u015fimdiden \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze d\u00f6k\u00fcp gelecek i\u00e7in ibret almak daha tercih edilebilir bir yoldur. Tarih bir tekrardan ibarettir. Hayatta kalmak isteyen milletlerin ge\u00e7mi\u015findeki olaylardan ibret almas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/medya.aksiyon.com.tr\/aksiyon\/2012\/10\/22\/balkan-kapak-2.jpg?resize=500%2C403\" width=\"500\" height=\"403\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Tam 100 y\u0131l\u2026 600 senelik Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131, kimi tarih\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re ana topra\u011f\u0131 Rumeli\u2019den, Balkanlar\u2019dan kopartan harbin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u2026 Bug\u00fcn okul kitaplar\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 sayfada anlat\u0131lan, kaybedilen topraklar ve maruz kal\u0131nan zul\u00fcmler itibar\u0131yla asla unutulmayan ama bir o kadar da hat\u0131rlanmak istenmeyen sava\u015f\u2026 1912-1913 Balkan M\u00fccadelesi\u2026. Yine \u00e7o\u011fu uzman a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sona gidi\u015fteki ikinci durak\u2026 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Harbi (93 Harbi) ile ba\u015flayan ve 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019yla tamamlanan silsilenin ortas\u0131. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc hasebiyle mevzuya ilgi duyan veya ehemmiyet veren yay\u0131n organlar\u0131, sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, hatta devletin baz\u0131 birimleri haberlerle, etkinliklerle zaman\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aral\u0131yor. Aksiyon da bu seferberli\u011fe i\u015ftirak edip konuyu birka\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131kta ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla okurla payla\u015f\u0131yor. Tabii ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 da harp \u00f6ncesi durum, harbin ba\u015flamas\u0131, geli\u015fimi ve sona eri\u015fine dair konular al\u0131yor. Bu da ister istemez ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 biraz gerilerden ba\u015flatmay\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Osmanl\u0131 e\u015fittir Rumeli<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tarih\u00ee seyre bak\u0131nca T\u00fcrklerin hi\u00e7 devletsiz kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6tesinde \u00e7o\u011fu birbirinin ard\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n v\u00e2risidir. Osmanl\u0131 da Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu\u2019nun&#8230; O da B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu\u2019nun\u2026 Bu halef-selef ili\u015fkisinde B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu, \u0130ran; Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu, Anadolu; Osmanl\u0131 ise Rumeli a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Her ne kadar do\u011fum S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct ve civar\u0131nda ise de geli\u015fim ve k\u00f6kle\u015fme Rumeli\u2019dedir. Esas\u0131nda, do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneyinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk beylikleriyle \u00e7evrili Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in kuzeyde Bizans ve bat\u0131da Rumeli daha kolay ve ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131tmayan bir hedeftir. Dinda\u015f ve \u0131rkda\u015flar\u0131yla sava\u015f\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetmektense gayrim\u00fcslim ve yabanc\u0131larla m\u00fccadele edip s\u00fcrekli b\u00fcy\u00fcme daha realist bir stratejidir. \u00d6yle ki tercihteki isabet, Viyana kap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcnce kendini g\u00f6sterir. Ancak tarih boyunca her y\u00fckselen gibi Devlet-i \u00c2liye de bir m\u00fcddet sonra duraklar. Ard\u0131ndan da gerilemeye ba\u015flar. II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\u2019ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131ktan itibaren toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131r. Ve terk edilen yerlerin halk\u0131 merkeze do\u011fru yakla\u015f\u0131r. Mesela, daha 1689\u2019da Avusturyal\u0131 General Piccolomini\u2019nin \u00dcsk\u00fcp\u2019\u00fc yakmas\u0131yla, n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fehirden ka\u00e7ar. \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015fabilenler Unkapan\u0131 Cibali civar\u0131nda \u00dcsk\u00fcp Mahallesi\u2019ni kurar.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/medya.aksiyon.com.tr\/aksiyon\/2012\/10\/22\/balkan-kapak-12.jpg?resize=300%2C469\" width=\"300\" height=\"469\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6lgenin tekrar kendine gelmesi Faz\u0131l Mustafa Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n sadareti zaman\u0131ndad\u0131r. Benzer vakalar Rumeli\u2019de giri\u015filip kaybedilen her harp akabinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sadece 1806-1812 aras\u0131 muhacir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman say\u0131s\u0131 200 bindir. K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131, 1856-1865 d\u00f6neminde, \u0130stanbul\u2019a 2 milyondan fazla ki\u015fi gelir. G\u00f6\u00e7ler bir yerde sistemin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flat\u0131r, Rumeli\u2019deki otoriteyi sarsar. Yine de yola d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kap\u0131 \u00e7alana \u201cNiye geldin?\u201d denmez. Dertlerin halline \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Lakin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda birbirini izleyen harp silsileleri art\u0131k Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 zorlar. Devlet bu hakikati 93 Harbi ile (1877-78 Osmanl\u0131- Rus Sava\u015f\u0131) daha iyi anlar.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2096203974\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz darbeci pa\u015falar eliyle tahttan indirilmi\u015f. \u015eehzade Murad Efendi, V. Murad unvan\u0131yla padi\u015fah ilan edilmi\u015f. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra sab\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmdar suikasta kurban gitmi\u015f. Zaten psikolojik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7eken V. Murad\u2019\u0131n s\u0131hhati vaka \u00fczerine daha da bozulmu\u015f. Ve idareyi elinde tutan cunta veliaht Abd\u00fclhamid Efendi\u2019den, me\u015frutiyeti ilan edece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131p onu saraya ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f. Se\u00e7imler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Meclis-i Mebusan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Kanun-i Esas\u00ee y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmu\u015f. Hepsi birka\u00e7 ayda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f\u2026 Bu \u00e7alkant\u0131dan da Rusya yararlanm\u0131\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya sava\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f. Ard\u0131ndan da devlet do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 cephelerinde yenilmi\u015f. \u00d6nce Ayastefanos, akabinde Berlin antla\u015fmalar\u0131 imzalanm\u0131\u015f. Romanya, S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f. Bulgaristan muhtariyet elde etmi\u015f. Bir ba\u015fka f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 Yunanistan, 1829\u2019da Mora ile yetinmeyip Plevne M\u00fcdafaas\u0131 sonras\u0131 Teselya\u2019ya girmi\u015f. B\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131, kendisini \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcren \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck yaradan (di\u011ferleri Balkan ve 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131) ilkini alm\u0131\u015f. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi eza, cefa, zul\u00fcm, katliam ve muhacirlik de i\u015fin as\u0131l trajik y\u00f6n\u00fc. Mesela, Amerikal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i McCarthy\u2019ye g\u00f6re 93 muhacirlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyon 230 bin. Bulgar ve S\u0131rp eline ge\u00e7en yerlerden ka\u00e7an M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Kosova, Manast\u0131r, Selanik vilayetlerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f. \u0130\u015fte II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in 30 senelik mutlak idaresi ba\u015flarken Balkanlar\u2019\u0131n vaziyeti\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Kimileri \u00fcslubunca ele\u015ftirir, kimileri k\u0131zar, kimileri de h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 alamay\u0131p s\u00f6ver\u2026 Lakin siyaset ve diplomasi ile ilgilenen \u00e7oklar\u0131 kabul eder ki Sultan Hamid, devrinin mahir politikac\u0131s\u0131 ve diplomat\u0131d\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcre Balkanlar\u2019da s\u00fck\u00fbneti sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ama Makedonya kaynayan bir kazand\u0131r. Bulgar, S\u0131rp ve Rum \u00e7eteleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahaliyi s\u00fcrekli taciz eder. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar 1900\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren artar. Bir de bunlara me\u015frut\u00ee idare pe\u015findeki \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti (\u0130TC) mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 eklenince Balkanlar\u2019\u0131n ortas\u0131 ate\u015f \u00e7emberine d\u00f6ner. Resneli Niyazi ve Enver Bey gibi \u0130TC \u00fcyesi askerler, Makedonya da\u011flar\u0131nda \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d m\u00fccadelesine giri\u015fir. Nihayet II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131 ile d\u00fcz ovaya inerler. \u00dcstelik Bulgar, S\u0131rp, Rum \u00e7etecilerle kol kola \u201ch\u00fcrriyet\u201di kutlayarak\u2026 \u00d6te yandan yeni d\u00f6nem yeni olumsuzluklara yol a\u00e7ar. Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 olu\u015fturan unsurlar\u0131n ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011funu s\u0131rf Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fini zanneden \u0130TC\u2019nin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Bosna Hersek\u2019i resmen i\u015fgal eder. Girit, Yunanistan\u2019a ba\u011flanma karar\u0131 al\u0131r. Ve ba\u011fl\u0131 prenslik konumundaki Bulgaristan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fur. K\u0131sacas\u0131 Me\u015frutiyet, Balkanlar\u2019a g\u00f6rece sessizlik getirir ama fark edebilenler i\u00e7in e\u015fikteki kap\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da haber verir.<\/p>\n<p>Zaten \u0130stanbul\u2019da 31 Mart Vakas\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle (Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid yerine V. Mehmed Re\u015fad) devam eden ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck politik kavgalarla artan gerilimi bekleyen d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler harekete ge\u00e7er. \u00d6nce \u0130talya, Trablusgarp\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan Balkan devletleri birle\u015fip h\u00fccum eder. Bu y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131n zarar\u0131n\u0131 giderme hayaliyle girilen 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 da perdeyi kapat\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/medya.aksiyon.com.tr\/aksiyon\/2012\/10\/22\/balkan-harita.jpg?resize=580%2C383\" width=\"580\" height=\"383\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Geliyorum diyen sava\u015flar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Esas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 sava\u015f da g\u00fcr sedas\u0131yla gelir. Ama iktidardakiler bunu duy(a)maz. Ni\u00e7in? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00e2l\u00e2, bilhassa Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6ncesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlere bel ba\u011flan\u0131r. Balkanlar\u2019daki siyas\u00ee yap\u0131n\u0131n muhafaza edilece\u011fine dair iyimserlik s\u00f6z konusudur. Oysa art\u0131k d\u00fcnya de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131na g\u00f6re tav\u0131r alma yerine do\u011fru okumayla gerekli tedbirler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Gelgelelim Osmanl\u0131 bunun uza\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u201cBalkan Harbi\u2019ni Ni\u00e7in Kaybettik?\u201dte ordunun haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z h\u00e2line at\u0131f yer al\u0131r. Bunun birinci sebebi, yeti\u015fmi\u015f askerin i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmede kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fczenli ordu, jandarmal\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. 31 Mart olay\u0131, Adana facialar\u0131, Arnavutluk ve Havran kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, Malis\u00f6r vakalar\u0131, Yemen isyan\u0131 ile g\u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcketilmektedir. Mesela \u0130talya harp ilan etti\u011finde, askerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Havran ve Kerek y\u00f6resinde, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Yemen\u2019dedir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2554647892\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda \u201cBalkan Harbi niye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131?\u201d sualinin cevab\u0131 Trablusgarp\u2019tad\u0131r. \u201cBalkan Harbi\u2019ni Ni\u00e7in Kaybettik?\u201d, mevzuyu \u015f\u00f6yle izah ediyor: \u201cBir devletin herhangi bir devlete harp ilan\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphesiz di\u011fer devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 zaaf\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. Bize bir zarar\u0131 olmaz diye ilan etti\u011fimiz \u0130talya harbi, anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde harp kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kemiriyordu. Donanmam\u0131z\u0131n hi\u00e7li\u011fi, Libya ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kesilmesine sebebiyet vermi\u015fti. Ancak M\u0131s\u0131r ve Tunus yoluyla ve b\u00fcy\u00fck masraflar\u0131 g\u00f6ze alarak Trablusgarp\u2019ta sava\u015fan kuvvetlerimize cephane, erzak g\u00f6nderebildik. Trablus ve Bingazi\u2019de toplanan m\u00fccahitlere pek \u00e7ok \u00fccret veriyorduk.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Vakit kollayan Balkan devletleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan manzara \u00fcmit vericidir. Eski sahip san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar kuvvetli de\u011fildir. Kuracaklar\u0131 ittifak ile Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 yenmek \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. Ama bunun i\u00e7in evvela aralar\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 problemlerin halli gerekir. Ba\u015f arac\u0131 Rusya\u2019d\u0131r. Bir de yanl\u0131\u015f siyasetiyle ekmeklerine ya\u011f s\u00fcren \u0130TC y\u00f6netimi\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Peki, bir araya nas\u0131l gelinecektir? Herkesin \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck\u201dl\u00fck ideali nas\u0131l tatmin edilecektir? Mesela Makedonya\u2026 Bulgarlar, \u00e7o\u011funluktaki \u0131rkda\u015flar\u0131; S\u0131rplar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte orada h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren krall\u0131klar\u0131; Yunanlar ise tarih\u00ee vatanlar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle g\u00f6z koymu\u015ftur. Yine kilise ihtilaf\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131d\u0131r. Rumlar, di\u011fer unsurlar\u0131 din\u00ee ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 sebebiyle ezmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok yerde aidiyet ihtilaf\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130lk ad\u0131m\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 idaresi atar. 3 Temmuz 1910\u2019da \u201cRumeli\u2019de Kaim M\u00fcnaza\u00fcnfih Kilise ve Mektepler Hakk\u0131nda K\u00e2nun\u201d kabul edilir. Kiliseler Kanunu diye an\u0131lan yasaya g\u00f6re tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 yerlerdeki aidiyet, n\u00fcfus oran\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenecektir. Devlet kilise kavgas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcp Balkanlar\u2019a huzuru getirmi\u015ftir! Ya da \u00f6yle sanmaktad\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>Balkan devletleri anla\u015f\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kiliseler Kanunu din\u00ee m\u00fcnaka\u015fay\u0131 bitirince, Rus deste\u011fiyle Balkan ittifaklar\u0131 h\u0131z kazan\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7te k\u0131s\u0131r siyas\u00ee kavgalarla, d\u0131\u015fta Trablusgarp ile u\u011fra\u015fadursun, Rumeli elden kaymaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nce 13 Mart 1912\u2019de Bulgarlar, S\u0131rplarla anla\u015f\u0131r. 29 May\u0131s\u2019ta ise Bulgar-Yunan ittifak\u0131 kurulur. A\u011fustosta Karada\u011f, Bulgaristan ile s\u00f6zle\u015fir. 6 Ekim\u2019de de Karada\u011f- S\u0131rbistan antla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Art\u0131k Balkan birli\u011fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avusturya ve Fransa, may\u0131s-haziranda B\u00e2b-\u0131 \u00c2l\u00ee\u2019yi, \u201cBalkan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin ittifak antla\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, durumun zorlu\u011fu, \u0130talya ile acilen bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u201d minvalinde uyar\u0131r. Ama bu t\u00fcr bir geli\u015fmeye ihtimal verilmez. 15 Temmuz\u2019da Meclis-i Mebusan k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnde konu\u015fan Hariciye Naz\u0131r\u0131 As\u0131m Bey, baz\u0131 iddialara g\u00f6re, \u201cBalkanlar\u2019dan iman\u0131m kadar eminim.\u201d demi\u015ftir. Naz\u0131r garanti verince, Said Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n Fransa\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplar\u0131 Selanik \u00fczerinden Belgrad\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Oysa Avusturya-Macaristan ayn\u0131 talebe daha \u00f6nce menf\u00ee kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015ftir. Her ne kadar Said Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp Ahmet Muhtar Pa\u015fa kabinesi kurulunca seferberlik ilan\u0131 sebebiyle sevkiyata engel olunsa da giden gitmi\u015ftir. Meselenin vahameti harp ba\u015flay\u0131p toplar ordunun can\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131nca idrak edilir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3644420199\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00d6te yandan Nisan 1912\u2019de Kuzey Arnavutluk\u2019ta 2 y\u0131ll\u0131k ara sonras\u0131 tekrar isyan \u00e7\u0131kar. May\u0131s ve haziranda Yakova ve Pri\u015ftine etkilenir. A\u011fustosta \u00dcsk\u00fcp i\u015fgal edilir, hapishanedeki mahk\u00fbmlar serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Yak\u0131n yerlerdeki redif depolar\u0131 (yedekte bekletilen askerlerin m\u00fchimmat\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerler) ya\u011fmalan\u0131r. Nihayetinde i\u015fin \u00fcstesinden genel afla gelinir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m A\u011fano\u011flu, \u201cBalkanlar\u2019\u0131n Mak\u00fbs Talihi: G\u00f6\u00e7\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda olay\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendiriyor: \u201cJ\u00f6nt\u00fcrklerin Balkanlar\u2019\u0131 elde tutabilmek i\u00e7in dini ikinci plana at\u0131p T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131, Arnavut isyan\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sebebidir. Bu durum, T\u00fcrklerin Slavlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinde en \u00f6nemli yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 Arnavutlar\u0131 kaybetmelerine sebep olmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ortam bu derece gerginken 22 Temmuz\u2019da iktidara gelen Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 120 tabur talimli askeri terhis eder. \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi\u2019nin \u201cBalkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d maddesinde, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n, Hariciye Naz\u0131r\u0131m\u0131z Gabriel Noradungiyan Efendi\u2019ye harp olmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair teminat vermesiyle bu karar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor!<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/medya.aksiyon.com.tr\/aksiyon\/2012\/10\/22\/balkan-kapak-9.jpg?resize=300%2C454\" width=\"300\" height=\"454\" \/><strong>\u0130lk k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu arada, Said Pa\u015fa kabinesinin d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle iktidardan uzakla\u015fan \u0130TC tekrar ipleri eline alma pe\u015findedir. Stratejisini de mevcut idarenin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine bina eder. Sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rtkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu y\u00fczdendir. Balkan ittifak\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 harp istenmektedir. Hatta 21 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Sultanahmet\u2019te bir miting d\u00fczenlenir. \u0130TC hatipleri halk\u0131n aras\u0131na kar\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u201cHarp isteriz!\u201d sloganlar\u0131 att\u0131r\u0131r, kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 galeyana getirir. \u00c7aresiz h\u00fck\u00fcmet 22 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Rumeli\u2019de k\u0131sm\u00ee seferberlik ilan eder. Fakat i\u015fin hakikatine v\u00e2k\u0131f subaylar girilen \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131n fark\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ekonomik durum bozuktur. Sava\u015f masraflar\u0131 yan\u0131nda Arnavutluk, Suriye ve Yemen isyanlar\u0131 mal\u00ee duruma zarar vermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar ile faizler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden orduya ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7 ve silah temin edilememi\u015ftir. Muharebe e\u011fitimi yetersizdir. Ula\u015ft\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, ikmal te\u015fkilat\u0131 i\u015flemez durumdad\u0131r. Harp stoklar\u0131 da problemlidir. Daha da vahimi, ordu i\u00e7i birlik, beraberlik ve askerlik disiplini yoktur. Siyas\u00ee \u00e7eki\u015fmeler, asker\u00ee gruplara b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Trakya\u2019daki Do\u011fu (1. Ordu) ve Makedonya\u2019daki Bat\u0131 Ordusu\u2019nun (2. Ordu) g\u00fcc\u00fc ancak k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerindedir. Buna g\u00f6re harbe 479 bin ki\u015fiyle i\u015ftiraki gereken Do\u011fu Ordusu\u2019nda 115 bin, 335 bin ile kat\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenen Bat\u0131\u2019da ise 175 bin ki\u015fi vard\u0131r. Balkan \u0130ttifak\u0131\u2019n\u0131n toplam\u0131 ise 480 bindir. Sava\u015f ba\u015flay\u0131nca Do\u011fu Ordusu kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilecek Abdullah Pa\u015fa\u2019ya g\u00f6re muharebe \u00e7\u0131karsa ma\u011flubiyetimiz ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Zaten tablo da buna i\u015faret etmektedir&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>22 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019deki k\u0131sm\u00ee seferberli\u011fe Balkan g\u00fc\u00e7leri eyl\u00fcl sonunda genel seferberlikle cevap verir. Devlet-i \u00c2liye de 1 Ekim\u2019de genele ge\u00e7er. Art\u0131k ilk k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m beklenmektedir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3409657211\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Fitili 8 Ekim\u2019de Karada\u011f ate\u015fler. Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya harp ilan\u0131 ile \u0130\u015fkodra \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcr. Takip eden g\u00fcnlerde Bulgaristan, S\u0131rbistan ve Yunanistan harekete ge\u00e7er. H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda Trablusgarp\u2019ta \u0130talyanlarla m\u00fccadele eden B\u00e2b-\u0131 \u00c2l\u00ee, aceleyle U\u015fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalar. \u00d6te yandan h\u0131zla ilerleyen Bulgarlar\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in K\u0131rklareli-Edirne-Yenice hatt\u0131nda savunma karar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak Ba\u015fkomutan Vekili N\u00e2z\u0131m Pa\u015fa itiraz edip h\u00fccum ister. 22 Ekim\u2019de, S\u00fclo\u011flu ve Yo\u011funta\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde iki ordu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Ertesi g\u00fcn \u00f6\u011flene kadar s\u00fcren m\u00fccadeleden Bulgarlar \u00e7ekilmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, Osmanl\u0131 rakibinden h\u0131zl\u0131 davran\u0131r! B\u00f6ylece ordu K\u0131rklareli-Edirne-Yenice hatt\u0131na, burada tutunamay\u0131nca da P\u0131narhisar-L\u00fcleburgaz istikametine \u00e7ekilir. K\u0131rklareli de Bulgarlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rumeli elden gidiyor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde Bat\u0131 Ordusu, S\u0131rplarla u\u011fra\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kumanova\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan ilk g\u00fcn, Osmanl\u0131 ordusu d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131na a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdirir. Mevzilerini de korur. 23-24 Ekim\u2019de ise yerli askerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, ordudaki gayrim\u00fcslimlerin moral bozucu propagandas\u0131 ve savunma hatt\u0131ndaki gedikler sava\u015f\u0131n kaybedilmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Bulgarlar 6 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Tekirda\u011f\u2019\u0131 al\u0131nca Edirne ile Bat\u0131 Ordusu aras\u0131ndaki irtibat kopar. Felaketler birbiri ard\u0131na gelmektedir. 27 Ekim\u2019de \u00dcsk\u00fcp\u2019\u00fcn teslim olmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 9 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Selanik Yunanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7er. Rumeli birer birer elden \u00e7\u0131karken, 23 Ocak 1913\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u0130TC \u00fcyesi Enver Bey ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 B\u00e2b-\u0131 \u00c2l\u00ee\u2019yi basar. Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Naz\u0131m Pa\u015fa, cemiyet fedaisi Yakup Cemil\u2019in kur\u015funuyla aln\u0131ndan vurulur ve \u00f6l\u00fcr. Ya\u015fl\u0131 sadrazam Kamil Pa\u015fa\u2019dan istifa mektubu al\u0131n\u0131r. Ve \u0130TC tekrar iktidara gelir. Kabineyi Mahmud \u015eevket Pa\u015fa kurar. Yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet 16 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta ba\u015flayan Londra Bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin kararlar\u0131n\u0131 da kabul etmez. Sava\u015f s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ancak 8 \u015eubat\u2019taki \u015eark\u00f6y \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, 6 Mart\u2019ta Yanya\u2019n\u0131n, 26 Mart\u2019ta Edirne\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, idealist iktidar\u0131 30 May\u0131s itibar\u0131yla masaya oturtur. B\u00fct\u00fcn Rumeli, hatta Edirne bile kaybedilmi\u015ftir. \u00dcmitler tam s\u00f6nmek \u00fczereyken birinci sava\u015f\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 memnun olmayan Bulgaristan, eski m\u00fcttefiklerine sald\u0131r\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu da f\u0131rsattan istifade Edirne ve K\u0131rklareli\u2019yi kurtar\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte harp bitmi\u015ftir. Ancak koca Rumeli de elden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcstelik Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n ve Balkanl\u0131lar\u0131n bile beklemedi\u011fi kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede\u2026 \u00d6yle ki harbin ba\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini tan\u0131mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten devletler, T\u00fcrkleri Avrupa\u2019dan atma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce seslerini \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/medya.aksiyon.com.tr\/aksiyon\/2012\/10\/22\/balkan-kapak-6.jpg?resize=500%2C354\" width=\"500\" height=\"354\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Balkan Harpleri\u2019nin Seyri<\/h3>\n<p><strong>I. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>23 Temmuz 1908: II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131. \u201cBulgaristan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Avusturya- Macaristan Bosna- Hersek\u2019i i\u015fgal etti. Girit, Yunanistan\u2019a kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>13 Nisan 1909 (31 Mart Vakas\u0131): \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Avc\u0131 Taburlar\u0131 ayakland\u0131. Hareket Ordusu Selanik\u2019ten geldi. 27 Nisan\u2019da II. Abd\u00fclhamid haledildi. V. Mehmet Re\u015fad padi\u015fah&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>3 Temmuz 1910: \u201cKiliseler Kanunu\u201d kabul edildi. Balkanlar\u2019daki tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 kilise ve mektepler, n\u00fcfus hesab\u0131na g\u00f6re aidiyet kazanacak. Yasa Balkan \u0130ttifak\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Eyl\u00fcl 1911: \u0130talya, Trablusgarp ve Bingazi\u2019yi i\u015fgal etti.<\/li>\n<li>13 Mart 1912: Bulgaristan- S\u0131rbistan ittifak antla\u015fmas\u0131. 29 May\u0131s\u2019ta Bulgar-Yunan, A\u011fustos\u2019ta s\u00f6zl\u00fc Karada\u011f- Bulgaristan ve 6 Ekim\u2019de Karada\u011f- S\u0131rbistan anla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>21 Eyl\u00fcl 1912: Sultanahmed Meydan\u0131\u2019nda \u0130ttihat ve Terakkicilerin de i\u015ftirakiyle miting. Kalabal\u0131k \u201cHarp isteriz!\u201d, \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n harp, kahrolsun hainler!\u201d sloganlar\u0131 att\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>22 Eyl\u00fcl 1912: Ahmet Muhtar Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Rumeli\u2019de k\u0131sm\u00ee seferberlik ilan etti. Ard\u0131ndan Bulgar ve Yunan ordular\u0131&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>8 Ekim 1912: Karada\u011f Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya sava\u015f ilan edip \u0130\u015fkodra\u2019ya ilerledi.<\/li>\n<li>16 Ekim 1912: Bulgaristan ve S\u0131rbistan\u2019a harp ilan\u0131. 18 Ekim\u2019de de Yunanistan\u2019a.<\/li>\n<li>18 Ekim 1912: \u0130talya ile Trablusgarp Harbi\u2019ni bitiren U\u015fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Bulgarlar 1\u2019inci, 2\u2019nci ve 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc ordular\u0131 ile taarruza ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n<li>21 Ekim 1912: Osmanl\u0131 Do\u011fu Ordusu, Bulgarlara kar\u015f\u0131, K\u0131rklareli-Edirne-Yenice hatt\u0131n\u0131 savunacak. Ba\u015fkomutan Vekili N\u00e2z\u0131m Pa\u015fa itiraz edip h\u00fccum istiyor. Bir g\u00fcn sonra, S\u00fclo\u011flu ve Yo\u011funta\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde sava\u015f. 23 Ekim \u00f6\u011fleye kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bulgarlar \u00e7ekilmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken, K\u0131rklareli-Edirne-Yenice hatt\u0131na \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Olmay\u0131nca, P\u0131narhisar-L\u00fcleburgaz\u2019a \u00e7ekilindi. K\u0131rklareli Bulgarlara b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>22 Ekim 1912: S\u0131rp ordusu Kosova\u2019da. Bulgar ordusu, Edirne\u2019yi muhasaraya ald\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>-23- 24 Ekim 1912: S\u0131rplar Kumanova\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu yendi.<\/li>\n<li>27 Ekim 1912: \u00dcsk\u00fcp ahalisi teslim&#8230; Bitkin Garp Ordusu\u2019nun merkezle ba\u011f\u0131 koptu.<\/li>\n<li>9 Kas\u0131m 1912: 400 k\u00fcsur y\u0131ll\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehri Selanik Yunanlar\u0131n elinde&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>29 Kas\u0131m 1912: Arnavutluk ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/li>\n<li>16 Aral\u0131k 1912: Londra Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131. Teklifler s\u0131n\u0131r Midye- Enez hatt\u0131. Ege adalar\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131beti b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin elinde\u2026<\/li>\n<li>23 Ocak 1913: \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar B\u00e2b-\u0131 \u00c2l\u00ee\u2019yi bast\u0131. Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Naz\u0131m Pa\u015fa \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Sadrazam Kamil Pa\u015fa istifa ettirildi. Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa sadrazam. Bar\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131 reddedildi.<\/li>\n<li>3 \u015eubat 1913: Bulgarlar tekrar muharebede\u2026 \u0130ki S\u0131rp t\u00fcmeni ile g\u00fc\u00e7lenen ordu Edirne kalesine h\u00fccum etti.<\/li>\n<li>8 \u015eubat 1913: \u00c7atalca\u2019da savunmadaki Bulgarlar\u0131 imha ve Edirne y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilerleme amac\u0131yla Bolay\u0131r\u2019dan taarruza ge\u00e7ildi. \u015eark\u00f6y k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kolordu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ama ba\u015far\u0131 yok.<\/li>\n<li>6 Mart 1913: Yanya uzun s\u00fcre direndi, sonunda Yunanlara teslim oldu.<\/li>\n<li>26 Mart 1913: Edirne M\u00fcdafii \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Pa\u015fa, 155 g\u00fcnl\u00fck direni\u015fine ve bir huru\u00e7 harekat\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fmana a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131p verdirmesine ra\u011fmen, merkezden destek alamad\u0131. \u015eehir teslim&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>30 May\u0131s 1913: M. \u015eevket Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Londra Konferans\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2789215233\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>II. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>29 Haziran 1913: Harpte kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri bar\u0131\u015f masas\u0131nda kaybeden Bulgaristan eski m\u00fcttefiki S\u0131rp ve Yunanlara kar\u015f\u0131 taarruza ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n<li>5 Temmuz 1913: Yunan ordusu Bulgarlara sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131, Bulgar ilerleyi\u015fini durdurdu.<\/li>\n<li>10 Temmuz 1913: Romanya, Bulgar Dobruca\u2019s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Bulgaristan\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131. Sofya\u2019ya ilerliyor. Bulgarlar savunma i\u00e7in \u00c7atalca\u2019daki birliklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti.<\/li>\n<li>12 Temmuz 1913: Osmanl\u0131 ordusu f\u0131rsattan istifade harekete ge\u00e7ti. Osmanl\u0131, Yunan, S\u0131rp ve Rumen h\u00fccumuna direnemeyen Bulgaristan bar\u0131\u015f istedi ama reddedildi.<\/li>\n<li>21 Temmuz 1913: K\u0131rklareli geri al\u0131nd\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn sonra da Edirne\u2026<\/li>\n<li>10 A\u011fustos 1913: B\u00fckre\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile sava\u015f sona erdi.<\/li>\n<li>29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913: \u0130stanbul Antla\u015fmas\u0131. K\u0131rklareli, Edirne ve Dimetoka Osmanl\u0131\u2019da. Meri\u00e7 Nehri T\u00fcrk- Bulgar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131\u2026<\/li>\n<li>14 Kas\u0131m 1913: Atina Antla\u015fmas\u0131. Girit ve Meri\u00e7\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131 Yunanlarda. Ege adalar\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131beti b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin inisiyatifinde\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Balkanlar neresidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130slam Ansiklopedisi \u201cBalkanlar\u201d maddesine g\u00f6re b\u00f6lge ismini bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya uzanan ve Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6len da\u011f silsilesinden al\u0131yor. Yar\u0131madan\u0131n do\u011fu, g\u00fcney ve bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi var. Ancak kuzey tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131. Kimi co\u011frafyac\u0131lar hududu Tuna ve Drava nehirleri kabul ediyor. Ama Karpat Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusundan ge\u00e7irenler de var. Bu iki s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya g\u00f6re yar\u0131mada 1 milyon kilometrekarelik bir y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip. Balkan \u00fclkelerine gelince: Arnavutluk, Bosna- Hersek, Bulgaristan, H\u0131rvatistan, Karada\u011f, Kosova, Makedonya, Romanya, S\u0131rbistan, T\u00fcrkiye\/ Trakya, Yunanistan\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130stihbarat uyarm\u0131\u015f, \u0130stanbul uyumu\u015f&#8230; \u00a0<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2458600165\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1912- 13 Harbi Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrpriz bir geli\u015fme miydi? Devrin iktidarlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belki ama b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha sava\u015f ba\u015flamadan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce Balkanlar\u2019\u0131 yak\u0131ndan takip eden sefaretler ve emniyet te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019u geli\u015fmelerden haberdar ediyor. Ancak d\u00f6nemin h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri bilgileri de\u011ferlendirmiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin Balkanlar\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fimine izin vermeyece\u011fine inan\u0131yor. Tedbirsizli\u011fin cezas\u0131 da harp ba\u015flay\u0131nca fazlas\u0131yla \u00e7ekiliyor\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015f\u0131n 100\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131 vesilesiyle Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kitap haz\u0131rl\u0131yor. 2013\u2019te tamamlan\u0131p yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 planlanan \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131\u201d isimli eser dikkat \u00e7ekici vesikalara sahip&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Emniyet-i Umumiye M\u00fcd\u00fcriyeti 8 A\u011fustos 1910 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131yla D\u00e2hiliye Nezareti\u2019ni uyar\u0131yor: \u201cBulgar \u00e7eteleri Bulgaristan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bilgisi ve madd\u00ee yard\u0131m\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde Makedonya\u2019da A\u011fustos\u2019ta kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karacak\u2026\u201d Kaynak Bulgaristan\u2019daki emniyet istihbarat memuru. Buna g\u00f6re 30-40 ki\u015filik \u00e7eteler olu\u015fturulmu\u015f. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7eteleri Bulgar Harbiye Nezareti silahland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bu i\u015f i\u00e7in 40 bin frank harcanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>9 Mart 1911 tarihli raporun konusu ise, \u201cMakedonya\u2019da ihtilal \u00e7\u0131karma maksad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve Sofya\u2019da toplanan kongrede al\u0131nan kararlar\u201d. Manast\u0131r Valisi Mehmed Re\u015fid g\u00f6ndermi\u015f. \u0130\u015fte kararlardan birka\u00e7\u0131: Komiteler daha yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak. Rum ve Bulgarlar eskisi gibi birbirine sald\u0131rmayacak! Mezhep ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n her komite himaye ve birbirine yard\u0131m edecek. Ve harp ba\u015flamadan 1,5 y\u0131l \u00f6nce muhtemel Bulgar, Yunan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019a bildiriliyor; Yunan ve Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesindeki komitelerin te\u015fkilat ve tertiplerine yard\u0131m ettikten sonra muharebe a\u00e7\u0131lacak. Yunan ordusu adalardan, Bulgarlar s\u0131n\u0131rdan Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya sald\u0131racak!<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan hududa yak\u0131n k\u00f6ylere silah, cephane y\u0131\u011f\u0131yor. Harbiye Nezareti\u2019ne bildirilme tarihi 8 Eyl\u00fcl 1911! Kumanova, Ko\u00e7ana, Osmaniye, Cuma-i B\u00e2l\u00e2 kasabalar\u0131na taarruz bekleniyor. Malumat Palanka ve Osmaniye kaymakamlar\u0131ndan. \u00dcstelik istihbarat Siroz Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Selanik Vilayeti\u2019nden al\u0131nan haberlerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor\u2026<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2076736686\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131ra asker y\u0131\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Karada\u011f \u00fczerinden Arnavutluk\u2019a silah g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi istihbarat\u0131 ise 7 Ekim 1911\u2019de ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f, Harbiye Nezareti\u2019ne\u2026<\/p>\n<p>1912\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda Balkan istihbaratlar\u0131 hedefi 12\u2019den vurmu\u015f&#8230; Kosova Vilayeti 23 Ocak\u2019ta bak\u0131n nelere dikkat \u00e7ekiyor, \u201c&#8230; Art\u0131k Avusturya, Rusya, Bulgaristan gizli anla\u015fmas\u0131 neticesi Balkanlar\u2019da S\u0131rp, Yunan, Karada\u011f h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve milletlerinin ihtilal hareketine ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn geldi. Arnavut ve H\u0131ristiyanlar da bu isyana kat\u0131lacak. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Arnavutlar\u0131 memnun ve elde edememesi s\u00f6z konusu millet komiteleri isyana i\u015ftirak edeceklerine dair \u00fcmitlendiriyor. Bu konuda Avusturya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de \u2018fedak\u00e2rca\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Avusturya katk\u0131s\u0131 bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. 24 Ocak 1912\u2019de Sofya Sefiri Mehmed Nabi ve B\u00fckre\u015f Sefiri Safa\u2019dan gelen malumata g\u00f6re Viyana, Romanya\u2019n\u0131n Bulgaristan aleyhine harekette bulunmamas\u0131na u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Mahmud \u015eevket Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 \u015eubat 1912 tarihli vesikada da, Arnavutluk ve Makedonya\u2019da baharda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kma ihtimali bulundu\u011fu, Karada\u011f\u2019\u0131n Malis\u00f6rlar\u0131 (Arnavutlar\u0131n bir kolu) isyana te\u015fvike devam etti\u011fi, Bulgarlar\u0131n asker\u00ee haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haber al\u0131nmas\u0131 sebebiyle Rumeli\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kacak olaylara kar\u015f\u0131 asker say\u0131s\u0131, silah ve m\u00fchimmat eksiklerinin giderilmesi, haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunmas\u0131 istenmekte\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ama\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk\u2019s\u00fcz Balkanlar \u00a0<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-253295873\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Rumeli\u2019deki Evlad-\u0131 Fatihan\u2019\u0131n kaderi g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00fczerine \u00e7izilmi\u015f dense yeridir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce Anadolu\u2019dan bu topraklara gelmi\u015fken, as\u0131rlar sonra ama bu defa zul\u00fcm ve i\u015fkence alt\u0131nda geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015fler. II. Viyana bozgunu ard\u0131ndan gelen her yenilgide Anadolu\u2019ya yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. 19\u2019uncu y\u00fczy\u0131l itibar\u0131yla bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 h\u0131z kazand\u0131. \u00d6yle ki d\u00f6nemler aras\u0131 k\u0131yaslama yapmaya kalk\u0131lsa iyi- k\u00f6t\u00fcden ziyade az k\u00f6t\u00fc-\u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc gibi bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ile i\u015fin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131labilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 birbirinden beter ac\u0131 ve zul\u00fcmle gelmi\u015ftir. Ama bunlar i\u00e7inde Balkan Muhacereti tam ifadesiyle \u201cvatan kaybetmenin\u201d ad\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6ncekilerde mesela 93 Harbi\u2019nde (1877- 78 Osmanl\u0131- Rus Sava\u015f\u0131) \u00f6yle veya b\u00f6yle muhacirler i\u00e7in Rumeli diye bir yurt s\u00f6z konusudur. Fakat Balkan yenilgisi ile art\u0131k b\u00f6yle bir imk\u00e2n kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ata topra\u011f\u0131 tamam\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015fmana ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>1911\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 Rumeli\u2019sindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus 2 milyon 315 bin 293\u2019d\u00fcr. Harp sonras\u0131 farkl\u0131 senelerde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Yunan, Bulgar ve Yugoslavya kaynaklar\u0131nda, bu \u00fclkelerce Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 ile al\u0131nan topraklardaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus 870 bin 114\u2019t\u00fcr. Katledilenler 632 bin 408\u2019dir. Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7en muhacirlerse 812 bin 771\u2019dir. Yine gelenler sadece T\u00fcrklerden ibaret de\u011fildir. Arnavutlar, Bo\u015fnaklar hatta \u00c7ingeneler de vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u0130zmir, Adana, Karesi ve geri al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra Edirne\u2019ye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Sert miza\u00e7l\u0131 Arnavutlar i\u00e7in baz\u0131 yerler, \u0130zmir ve \u0130stanbul yasaklanm\u0131\u015f, Bo\u015fnaklara ise daha rahat davran\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar 1 milyonun \u00fczerinde insan\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 Balkanlar\u2019da bulunmas\u0131 bir g\u00f6sterge ise de onlar t\u00e2bi olduklar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fil, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00fcnde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar art\u0131k.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6\u00e7menlere uygulanan zul\u00fcm, sadece mazlumlar\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131 \u015feklinde kalmay\u0131p harbi takip eden Avrupal\u0131 gazetecilerin hatta tecav\u00fczleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Rumlar\u0131n, Bulgarlar\u0131n, S\u0131rplar\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131yla da kay\u0131t alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Mesela ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m A\u011fano\u011flu \u201cBalkanlar\u2019\u0131n Mak\u00fbs Talihi: G\u00f6\u00e7\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda Yanyal\u0131 bir Rum eczac\u0131n\u0131n anlatt\u0131klar\u0131na yer verir. Adam bilhassa T\u00fcrk k\u0131zlar\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecav\u00fczleri ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, onlar\u0131 nas\u0131l kand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hamile bir kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funu nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k ve net ifade eder. \u00d6tesinde bundan utanarak de\u011fil sitayi\u015fle bahseder. \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 ihtiyar kad\u0131n\u0131 bo\u011fazlad\u0131m. \u015eimdi en m\u00fcstesna 9 metrese sahibim. Biri y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 han\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131 ve hamileydi. \u00c7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak soyunmak ve oynamak istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in tekmeledim, \u00e7ocu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu u\u011fursuz T\u00fcrk yavrusunu yumurta k\u0131rar gibi ezdim\u2026\u201d Bulgarlar\u0131n, S\u0131rplar\u0131n ve Karada\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irdikleri yerde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zul\u00fcm bundan geri de\u011fildir. Mesela S\u0131rplar \u00dcsk\u00fcp\u2019te 2000, Prizren\u2019de 5000 Arnavut\u2019u toptan katletmi\u015ftir. Bir S\u0131rp subay, o g\u00fcn gazeteci s\u0131fat\u0131yla harbi izleyen sonran\u0131n kom\u00fcnist \u00f6nderi Tro\u00e7ki\u2019ye \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler: \u201cZul\u00fcmlerin sorumlulu\u011fu sadece \u00e7ok ufak bir derecede d\u00fczenli kuvvetlere aittir. Komitac\u0131lar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilece\u011finizden daha k\u00f6t\u00fcyd\u00fc. \u0130\u00e7lerinde entelekt\u00fceller, fikir adamlar\u0131, ate\u015fli milliyet\u00e7iler vard\u0131. Orduyla birlikte olduklar\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e her \u015fey yolunda gidiyordu. Ama ordu ilerleyip onlar geride silahlar\u0131 almak i\u00e7in kal\u0131nca denetleyebilecek kimse yoktu.\u201d Muhacirlerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar o d\u00f6nemin bas\u0131n\u0131na da fazlas\u0131yla yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dr. Nes\u00eeme Ceyhan o d\u00f6nem gazetelere yans\u0131yan ve \u00d6mer Seyfeddin, Memduh \u015eevket, Aka G\u00fcnd\u00fcz gibi yazarlar\u0131n kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 metinleri \u201cBalkan Sava\u015f\u0131 Hik\u00e2yeleri\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015f bitip Edirne geri al\u0131n\u0131nca D\u00e2hiliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa harp evresinde ihaneti g\u00f6r\u00fclen unsurlar\u0131 memleket d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karma siyaseti g\u00fcder. Bu kapsamda Bulgarlarla T\u00fcrkler m\u00fcbadele edilir. Alt\u0131 T\u00fcrk, dokuz Bulgar\u2019dan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil komisyon 2\u201315 Kas\u0131m 1913\u2019te Edirne\u2019de toplan\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n iki taraf\u0131ndaki 15 kilometrelik b\u00f6lge mukimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Sonu\u00e7ta Bulgaristan\u2019a 46 bin 764 Bulgar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de 48 bin 570 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gelir. Benzer ad\u0131m Trakya\u2019daki Rumlar i\u00e7in de at\u0131l\u0131r. Tevfik B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re 1 Temmuz 1914\u2019teki antla\u015fmadan evvel Yunan Makedonya\u2019s\u0131ndan 240 bin T\u00fcrk gelmi\u015ftir. Giden say\u0131s\u0131 ise 80 bindir. Osmanl\u0131 Trakya\u2019daki Rum muhacirden fakirlerin nakil \u00fccretini de kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cAllah\u2019\u0131 unuttu\u011fumuzdan bu cezay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz!\u201d<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-3565807206\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Frans\u0131z Georges Remond, Balkan Harbi\u2019ni takip eden onlarca Avrupal\u0131 gazeteciden biri. T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u201cMa\u011fluplarla Beraber\u201d ad\u0131yla \u00e7evrilen kitab\u0131nda neredeyse g\u00fcn g\u00fcn sava\u015f\u0131n seyrini, tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fi vakalar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 askerlerden dikkatini \u00e7ekenleri anlat\u0131yor. \u00c7atalca Sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtiyar Karadenizli g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc gibi\u2026 19 Kas\u0131m 1912 sabah\u0131 denk geldi\u011fi g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcyle sohbetinde merak\u0131n\u0131 celbeden, ihtiyar\u0131n memleketine d\u00f6nme iste\u011fi. Sebebini sorunca \u015fu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131yor: \u201cBurada \u0130slam topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in sava\u015fmaya geldim. Fakat bug\u00fcn ni\u00e7in kan d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kimse bilmiyor. Gen\u00e7li\u011fimde muharebeden \u00f6nce kurban kesilir, imam dua ederdi. \u015eimdi ne kurban kesiliyor, ne de dua ediliyor. Komita ve h\u00fcrriyet i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131yormu\u015fuz. Ben bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmedim. Ne padi\u015fah var, ne de halife var! Allah\u2019\u0131 unuttu\u011fumuzdan bu cezay\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Yoksa Bulgarlar bizi ma\u011flup etmedi.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Meslekta\u015f ve \u0131rkda\u015f\u0131 Remond gibi sava\u015f\u0131 izleyen Henry Nivet\u2019in T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye terc\u00fcme edilen eserinin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u201cBalkan Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferinde Avrupa Siyaseti ve T\u00fcrklerin Felaketi\u201d. Nivet, bilhassa T\u00fcrklerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 mezalim \u00fczerinde duruyor, \u201cH\u0131ristiyan ordular\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle Bulgar ordusunun harek\u00e2t\u0131, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tahribi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor\u2026 \u0130stilac\u0131, insan bo\u011fazlayan, kad\u0131nlarla k\u0131zlar\u0131n namuslar\u0131n\u0131 kirleten kan d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7apulcular\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, Trakya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri \u0130stanbul\u2019a do\u011fru ka\u00e7t\u0131. \u00c7ok tiksindirici ve laneti hak eden bu durum bug\u00fcn itiraz edilemeyecek bir hakikattir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sava\u015fa ili\u015fkin bir ba\u015fka gazeteci hat\u0131rat\u0131 ise \u0130ngiliz Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett\u2019e ait, \u201cT\u00fcrklerin Rumeli\u2019ye Vedas\u0131\u201dd\u0131r. Ancak \u0130ngiliz muhabiri, di\u011ferlerine nazaran daha subjektif de\u011ferlendirmelere yer vermi\u015ftir kitab\u0131nda.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>SEDAT G\u00dcLMEZ<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3664355040\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-2684506733\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Askerin siyasete m\u00fcdahalesi, ordunun politik kampla\u015fmas\u0131, ikmal eksiklikleri, uzak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften yoksunluk ve daha fazlas\u0131\u2026 Netice, 1912-1913 Balkan facias\u0131. 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k Rumeli\u2019den kopu\u015f. Y\u00fcz binlerce muhacir,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":844,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[30],"class_list":["post-842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-bulgaristan"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/balkan-harita.jpg?fit=580%2C383&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-dA","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}