{"id":8250,"date":"2013-11-12T19:42:42","date_gmt":"2013-11-12T17:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=8250"},"modified":"2016-09-18T16:08:27","modified_gmt":"2016-09-18T13:08:27","slug":"demokrasinin-dogusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/demokrasinin-dogusu\/","title":{"rendered":"Demokrasinin do\u011fu\u015fu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Demokrasi, futbol kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 gibi bir oyundur ve hakem olmadan olmaz!<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nce \u015fu \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ve y\u00fcceltilen DEMOKRAS\u0130\u2019YE bir bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>Eski Yunan\u2019dan gelme bir idare bi\u00e7imidir.<!--more--><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4406\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4406\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Rafet-Ulut%C3%BCrk.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4406\" alt=\"Rafet Ulut\u00fcrk\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Rafet-Ulut%C3%BCrk-200x300.jpg?resize=200%2C300\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4406\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rafet Ulut\u00fcrk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Demokrasi\u2019nin s\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131, HALK Y\u00d6NET\u0130M\u0130\u2019 dir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsano\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan bulundu\u011fu ve uygulanmaya kondu\u011fu zaman ne \u015fehirler bu kadar kalabal\u0131kt\u0131, ne de \u00fclkeler milyonluktu. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu da 8 milyar de\u011fildi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3206197809\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>K\u00f6ylerde demokrasi diye bir \u015fey olmaz. G\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ve yerle\u015fik d\u00f6nemin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde de demokrasi yoktu.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6\u00e7ebeleri idare eden ya\u015fl\u0131lard\u0131, aksakall\u0131lar, soy, s\u00fclale ba\u015flar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>Halk y\u00f6netimi dedi\u011fimiz demokrasi \u015fehirlerle birlikte do\u011fdu. <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Halk\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi y\u00f6neticilerin <i>(Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131, muhtar, meclis \u00fcyeleri yrd. vsy.)<\/i> iradesi, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve adil olmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Her g\u00fcn se\u00e7im olmaz. Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131, Muhtar, y\u00f6neticiler, idare meclisi belirli aralarla se\u00e7ilir, \u00f6l\u00fcm, deprem, sava\u015f gibi se\u00e7enlerin iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylar ara se\u00e7im, erken se\u00e7im adlar\u0131yla bilinen, halk oylamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Ad\u0131na demokrasi denen halk idaresi bi\u00e7imi, \u015fehirlilerin ellerine sopa al\u0131p d\u00fczen sa\u011flamas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, se\u00e7im, se\u00e7menin kendisini y\u00f6netecek ki\u015fiyi yetki ile donatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir uygulama de\u011fildir. Se\u00e7ime kat\u0131lan ya da kat\u0131lmayan, se\u00e7ilen taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmeyi kabul etmi\u015f olur. Ayn\u0131 futbol kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, sahada oynayan ya da yedekte bekleyen oyuncular\u0131n hepsinin yani b\u00fct\u00fcn tak\u0131m\u0131n, oyun kurallar\u0131na ve hakemin kararlar\u0131na uymak zorunda olduklar\u0131 gibi bir \u015fey.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1616014935\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>\u0130lk se\u00e7imler nas\u0131l yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nce ilk se\u00e7imlerin de antik Yunan\u2019da yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msayal\u0131m. Milattan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce eski Yunan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fkenti Atina\u2019da 1200 ki\u015fi ya\u015farken, \u015fehrin giri\u015f kap\u0131lar\u0131na, kalesine, yoluna, suyuna, asayi\u015fine ve yasal d\u00fczenine uyulmas\u0131na bakan sorumlu ki\u015fiye \u015eehir Muhtar\u0131 deniyordu. \u015eehir idarecisini se\u00e7me ihtiyac\u0131 bir de, \u015fehirlere gelip yerle\u015fen insanlar\u0131n ve ailelerin \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik soylardan gelmesinden, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6rg\u00fclere sahip olmas\u0131ndan, birbirinden uzak hayat \u015fartlar\u0131ndan, de\u011fi\u015fik ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f tarzlar\u0131ndan ve farkl\u0131 \u00f6rf ve adetlere, g\u00f6rg\u00fcye dayanan geleneklerden gelmelerinden kaynakland\u0131. Onlar\u0131, \u015fehir ortam\u0131nda kavgas\u0131z, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcz dobra dobra hem beraber hem de yan yana ya\u015fatacak olan kurallar\u0131 koyacak ve kendilerine hizmet verecek bir ki\u015fiye veya bir makama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 b\u00f6yle do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ayn\u0131 \u015fehrin vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak beraberce ya\u015famay\u0131;<\/span><\/b> bu ortama ayak uydurmay\u0131, herkesin kabul etti\u011fi kurallara riayet etmeyi \u00fcslenirken, \u00f6nceden hi\u00e7 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, fakat \u015fehir halk\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp se\u00e7ilen bir \u0130DARES\u0130\u2019N\u0130N kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kurdu\u011fu d\u00fczeni de kabul etme zorunlulu\u011fu kural oldu. \u0130lk ve de\u011fi\u015fmez \u015fart\u0131, <b>kurallara uyarak ortak ya\u015fama olan \u015fehir hayat\u0131nda, k\u00f6y ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayat\u0131ndakinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fczenlilik vard\u0131. <\/b>\u00a0Bu d\u00fczeni sa\u011flayan ve kontrol eden ise, se\u00e7imle i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelen, emrinde zab\u0131ta, uzman ekipleri ve bilirki\u015filer olan Muhtar ya da Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131yd\u0131. <b>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n okuma yazma bilmedikleri, kalem k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n, se\u00e7im b\u00fclteni ve se\u00e7im sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hala icat edilmedi\u011fi bir \u015fehirde muhtar yani \u015eEH\u0130R \u0130DAREC\u0130S\u0130 SE\u00c7\u0130M\u0130 nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Atina ile \u00f6rnekliyorum<\/b>:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4108893208\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Klasik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ana kentinde, \u015fehir sakinlerinin birlikte se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7tiklerini yine birlikte g\u00f6revden alma usul\u00fcne <b>SE\u00c7\u0130M<\/b> ad\u0131 verilmi\u015fti. Se\u00e7imler \u00f6nce <b>\u015eEH\u0130R \u0130DAREC\u0130S\u0130<\/b> i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu se\u00e7imlerde, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde se\u00e7im arac\u0131 olan,\u00a0 liste, kimlik, b\u00fclten, se\u00e7im sand\u0131\u011f\u0131, imza atma, komisyon, g\u00f6zlemci, kand\u0131rma toplant\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00f6fte yedirme, bira ikram etme, ele para s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma falan yoktu.<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine, se\u00e7im ortam\u0131nda sadece iki \u015fey vard\u0131: <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Biri,<\/span><\/b> <b>kimsenin al\u0131p ka\u00e7\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte beyaz mermer bir ta\u015f<\/b>;<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0130kincisi de<\/span><\/b>, <b>ta\u015f\u0131n kenar\u0131na dizilmi\u015f birka\u00e7 \u00e7ubuk odun k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-400507562\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Beyaz ta\u015f \u00fczerine \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekmeye, k\u00f6m\u00fcr de beyaz \u00fczerine siyah \u00e7izgiyi \u00e7ekmeye yar\u0131yordu. Her Atinal\u0131n\u0131n bir y\u0131lda bu ta\u015fa sadece bir tek siyah \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Hakk\u0131n\u0131 iki defa kullanan a\u011f\u0131r cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve anakentten s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu iki klasik se\u00e7im arac\u0131, y\u0131l boyu \u015fehir merkezinde, herkesin kolayca ula\u015fabilece\u011fi kuytu bir yerdeydi.<\/p>\n<p>Siyah \u00e7izginin anlam\u0131 \u201c<b>HAYIR<\/b>\u201d d\u0131. BEN \u015e\u0130MD\u0130K\u0130 \u015eEH\u0130R Y\u00d6NET\u0130C\u0130S\u0130N\u0130 \u0130STEM\u0130YORUM, demekti. Her \u00e7izgi, bir olumsuz oydu<b>. <\/b><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2419754217\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00c7izgi \u00e7ekmeyenler<b> \u201cidareciden memnunuz\u201d <\/b>oyu kullanm\u0131\u015f olarak kabul ediliyordu.<b> <\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>1200 sakinlik Atina\u2019da 600 \u00e7izgi \u015fehir idarecisini makam\u0131ndan al\u0131p 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderiyordu.<\/b> Bu kural\u0131n istisnas\u0131 yoktu<b>. <\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Se\u00e7imin bir g\u00fcnde de\u011fil, y\u0131l boyu her an ve her y\u0131l yeniden yap\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u00fcrekli canl\u0131 olan bir demokrasi oldu\u011fu yani halk idaresinin aras\u0131z i\u015fledi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekle anlatmak istedi\u011fim, demokrasinin eski Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar ya\u015fl\u0131 ama ayn\u0131 zamanda bir bebek kadar masum ve hilesiz do\u011fmu\u015f oldu\u011funu. Bebek b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e yanl\u0131\u015f e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcp hilebaz, a\u00e7 g\u00f6z, k\u00fcstah, hatta insan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir tip olabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermekti. Demokrasiyi de, toplumsal gereklere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftiriyoruz yalan\u0131yla \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, alabildi\u011fine i\u00e7sel ve bi\u00e7imsel darbeler ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u015flevlerini yitirdi\u011fini anlatmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6z ve bi\u00e7im \u00e7arp\u0131tma, sosyalist Bulgaristan\u2019da, sosyalist halk demokrasisinin bir bask\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r d\u00fczeni olan totaliter rejimle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u015feklinde oldu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1104171217\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Birincisinde devlet okulunda T\u00fcrk dili \u00f6\u011fretmeni yapan bir vatanda\u015f, ikincisinde, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi iftiras\u0131yla \u201cBelene\u201d s\u00fcrg\u00fcn kamp\u0131nda ezildi.<\/p>\n<p>Benzer \u00f6rneklerimiz \u00e7oktur. S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum demokrasisinden bir basamak daha y\u00fcksek bir halk idaresi olmas\u0131 gereken sosyalist demokrasinin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bunun sonucu 1989\u2019da 500 bin yurtta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eu noktada anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, demokrasinin \u00f6z\u00fcne ve bi\u00e7imine dokunmak, ate\u015fe dokunmak kadar tehlikelidir, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ac\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-110926085\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Demokrasi, futbol kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 gibi bir oyundur ve hakem olmadan olmaz! \u00d6nce \u015fu \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ve y\u00fcceltilen DEMOKRAS\u0130\u2019YE bir bakal\u0131m. Eski Yunan\u2019dan gelme bir idare<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4406,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/Rafet-Ulut%C3%BCrk-e1514372078752.jpg?fit=335%2C500&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-294","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8250\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}