{"id":8186,"date":"2013-11-10T16:16:23","date_gmt":"2013-11-10T14:16:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=8186"},"modified":"2019-07-11T23:40:48","modified_gmt":"2019-07-11T21:40:48","slug":"bulgaristanda-hayatin-donum-noktasi-ve-gencler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanda-hayatin-donum-noktasi-ve-gencler\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristan\u2019da hayat\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 ve gen\u00e7ler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>10 Kas\u0131m 1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sisli ve ya\u011fmurlu \u00f6\u011fle sonras\u0131nda Sofya tuhaf bir sukunetin i\u00e7ine girer. Sokaklar bo\u015fal\u0131r, herkes evine toplanmaya acele eder, insanlar televizyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7er, herkes birbirine telefon eder ve olup bitenleri anlamaya, anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bir haber a\u011f\u0131zdan a\u011f\u0131za yay\u0131l\u0131r, beklenmedik bir haber! \u0130nan\u0131l\u0131r gibi de\u011fil- ama bir ger\u00e7ek. Bulgaristan Komunist Partisi\u2019nin 33 y\u0131lki tek lideri Todor Jivkov iktidardan d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, \u201cde\u011fi\u015fmez\u201d ve \u201cyerini kimse alamaz\u201d denilen devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 iktidardan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/bsp-antik-evi.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-8187\" alt=\"bsp-antik-evi\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/bsp-antik-evi-300x196.jpg?resize=300%2C196\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" \/><\/a>Ba\u015fkentte \u00f6nce derin bir sessizlik vard\u0131r, sonra i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e bir mutluluk, ta ki daha sonra bu mutluluk sevin\u00e7 feryatlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye dek, insanlar sokaklara at\u0131l\u0131r. Tarihi bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn hikayesi yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Bulgar vatanda\u015flar\u0131, hayatlar\u0131nda 180 derecelik d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturacak bir g\u00fcne \u015fahit olurlar.<br \/>\n24 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Bulgaristan\u2019da demokrasinin temelleri b\u00f6yle at\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dclkede totaliter rejimden demokrasi ve liberal piyasa ekonomisine ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Gen\u00e7ler totaliter d\u00f6nem hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiye sahip veya hi\u00e7 bir bilgileri yok. Ge\u00e7enlerde yap\u0131lan bir ulusal kamuoyu yoklamas\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun Demir Perde, kominist diktat\u00f6rli\u011f\u00fc veya toplama kamplar\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu bilenler dahi yok. Kom\u00fcnizmin ne oldu\u011funu bilmeseler de, bir\u00e7o\u011fu kom\u00fcnist lider Todor Jivkov\u2019un d\u00f6neminde ya\u015famaya itiraz etmeyeceklerini vurguluyor. Ekonomik kriz, protestolar, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f toplumda geli\u015fme perspektifi olmayan bir rejimde ya\u015famaktansa, gen\u00e7lerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu komunist d\u00f6nemi tercih edeceklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>1989 y\u0131l\u0131 demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminden sonra ders kitaplar\u0131nda bir\u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmedi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz gen\u00e7lerin bilgisizli\u011fi de buna ba\u011fl\u0131. Yeni tarih kitaplar\u0131nda 45 y\u0131ll\u0131k totaliter d\u00f6nem hakk\u0131nda birka\u00e7 sayfal\u0131k ders var sadece. \u00dcstelik de ders kitaplar\u0131nda bu d\u00f6nem hi\u00e7 yorum yap\u0131lmadan, anlat\u0131lmadan, birka\u00e7 kuru c\u00fcmle ve s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir uslupla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<br \/>\nKamuoyu yoklamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1944-1989 komunist d\u00f6nemini gen\u00e7lerin %14\u2019\u00fc \u201cgenelde daha demokratik\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, %40\u2019\u0131 ise Todor Jivkov\u2019un \u201cdemokrasi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck fikirlerinin savunucusu\u201d oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. Anla\u015f\u0131lan ailelerin Jivkov d\u00f6neminde elektrik, su, kalorifer ucuzdu, herkes denize giderdi \u015feklindeki anlat\u0131mla\u0131 fikir beyan etmekte \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u00e7bir yerde DS-Devlet \u0130stihbarat\u0131, toplama kamplar\u0131, politik bask\u0131lar\u0131, totalitarizm, sans\u00fcr bilgileri verilmiyor, bu d\u00f6nemin tek partili sistemin antidemokratik y\u00f6ntemleri anlat\u0131lm\u0131yor.%41\u2019i Belene toplama kamp\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 dahi duymam\u0131\u015f, %42\u2019si ise Stalin ve Hitler\u2019in diktat\u00f6r oldu\u011funu bilmiyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3702990049\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ve derleme: Sevda D\u00fckkanc\u0131 \/ Yaz\u0131: Veneta Nikolova &#8211; BNR<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2870026301\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>10 Kas\u0131m 1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sisli ve ya\u011fmurlu \u00f6\u011fle sonras\u0131nda Sofya tuhaf bir sukunetin i\u00e7ine girer. Sokaklar bo\u015fal\u0131r, herkes evine toplanmaya acele eder, insanlar televizyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":8187,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[129,30,125,245],"class_list":["post-8186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-siyaset","tag-bsp","tag-bulgaristan","tag-rusya","tag-todor-jivkov"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/bsp-antik-evi.jpg?fit=610%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-282","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8186\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}