{"id":7968,"date":"2013-11-03T13:44:05","date_gmt":"2013-11-03T12:44:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=7968"},"modified":"2019-07-21T12:31:38","modified_gmt":"2019-07-21T10:31:38","slug":"idil-bulgarlarindan-kalan-minare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/idil-bulgarlarindan-kalan-minare\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131ndan kalan Minare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131<\/b> 7-10&#8217;ncu y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu. B\u00fcy\u00fck Bulgarya Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Hazarlar taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p, \u00d6n bulgarlar halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden sonra meydana gelmi\u015ftir, ve 13&#8217;nc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar toplu halde kalm\u0131\u015f olan bir halk olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/idil-minare.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-7969\" alt=\"idil-bulgarlarindan-kalan-minare\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/idil-minare.jpg?resize=200%2C267\" width=\"200\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a>\u00d6n bulgarlar\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Tuna Bulgarlar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 9&#8217;ncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 ise 8&#8217;nci y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130slam&#8217;\u0131 kabul etmi\u015flerdir. Kurduklar\u0131 devlet \u015faibeler olsa da yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk devletidir.<sup>[<i>kaynak belirtilmeli<\/i>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyde kurduklar\u0131 hanl\u0131k, b\u00f6lgede \u00f6nemli ticari g\u00fcce sahib olmu\u015fdur. Sonradan bu devletin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131, Cengiz Han\u0131n Alt\u0131n Ordu&#8217;suna akm\u0131\u015f ve en sonunda Kazan-Tatarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Kazan tatarlar\u0131 19&#8217;ncu y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar kendilerine hala &#8220;<i>Tatarlar<\/i>&#8221; de\u011f\u0131l &#8220;<i>Bolgarlar<\/i>&#8221; denilmesine \u00f6nem vermi\u015flerdir. \u00c7uva\u015flarda kendilerini \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131n torunlar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn milliyet\u00e7i \u00c7uva\u015flar\u0131, hala \u00fclkelerinin ad\u0131na &#8220;<i>\u00c7uva\u015f Cumhuriyeti<\/i>&#8221; yerine &#8220;<i>Bolgar Cumhuriyeti<\/i>&#8221; ad\u0131 verilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgularlar.<\/p>\n<p>Kubrat Han&#8217;\u0131n kurdu\u011fu ilk B\u00fcy\u00fck Bulgarya Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n 640 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hazarlar taraf\u0131ndan ma\u011flub edilmesi sonucu \u00d6n bulgarlar iki b\u00fcy\u00fck kola ayr\u0131l\u0131p karadeniz&#8217;in kuzeyinde ki eski memleketlerini terk etmi\u015flerdir. Kubrat&#8217;in o\u011flu Asparuh ile g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden kol Balkanlar&#8217;da kurduklar\u0131 Birinci Bulgar Devleti g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131n\u0131n temeli olurken, Kotrak Han ile kuzeye g\u00f6\u00e7 edenler \u0130dil Nehri&#8217;ne biti\u015fik bir hanl\u0131k kurarak \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6n bulgarlar\u0131n, Kubrat&#8217;\u0131n di\u011fer bir o\u011flu olan Batbayan&#8217;\u0131n yan\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Hazarlar\u0131n kontr\u00f6l\u00fc alt\u0131nda ya\u015famay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015flerdir. Bu y\u00fczden Hazar Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;nda kalanlara &#8220;<i>Kara bulgar<\/i>&#8220;, ve \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131na &#8220;<i>Ak bulgar<\/i>&#8221; da denilir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2252868701\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck Bulgarya Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130til b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6\u00e7en Bulgar kabileleri, ilk zamanlar Hazarlarla dost ge\u00e7indiler. Be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi ile sa\u011flam siyasi ve askeri te\u015fkilata sahip olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yerle\u015ftikleri topraklar\u0131n verimli olmas\u0131, ticareti iyi bilmeleri bu devlete g\u00fc\u00e7 katt\u0131. Devletin ba\u015fkenti olan \u201cBulgar\u201d \u015fehri, 11. ve 12. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ticaret \u015fehirlerinden biriydi.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar t\u00fcccarlar Hazar \u00fclkesinde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131, \u0130til Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131n 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130slam dinini benimsemelerinde etkili olmu\u015ftur. Bulgar Hakan\u0131 Almu\u015f; 920 y\u0131l\u0131nda halife El-Muktedir\u2019den \u00fclkesine din adamlar\u0131 ile mescit in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in mimarlar g\u00f6ndermesini istedi. \u0130til Bulgarlar\u0131, \u0130slamiyeti kabul etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Alm\u0131\u015f Han \u0130slam dinini benimsedikten sonra <i>C\u00e4\u011ff\u00e4r bine \u011eabdulla<\/i> (<b>\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/b>, <i>Ja&#8217;afar ibn Abdullah<\/i>) ismini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet kurmalar\u0131, Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 I. Svyatoslav 966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pe\u00e7enekleri ma\u011flup edip Hazar Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 da da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131na kadar beklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 922 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Alamu\u015f Han&#8217;\u0131n (Almu\u015f, Almas, Alm\u0131\u015f) h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130slam&#8217;a ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Alamu\u015f Han, bir kale yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7im Ba\u011fdat&#8217;taki El Muktedir halifesinden yard\u0131m istemi\u015f, ve halife, kale mimarlar\u0131 ile birlikte din adamlar\u0131da g\u00f6nderip, \u0130slama ge\u00e7i\u015fini kale yap\u0131m\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fart k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131, daha Karahanl\u0131lardan bile \u00f6nce toplu halde \u0130slama ge\u00e7erek, ilk toplu \u0130slama ge\u00e7en T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<sup>[<i>kaynak belirtilmeli<\/i>]<\/sup> \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, daha g\u00fcneyde bulunan islami halklarla ileti\u015fimleri ve al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri artm\u0131\u015f, ve b\u00f6ylece arap \u00fclkelerinden Ruslara giden l\u00fcks mallar\u0131n ticaretini kontr\u00f6l etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-227936236\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir tar\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015ftirip, Bolgar, Bilar (2&#8217;nci ba\u015fkentleri), Suar (Suvar), Ka\u015fan, \u00c7\u00fck\u00e4tav (<i>Juketav<\/i>), A\u015fl\u0131 (<i>Oshel<\/i>), Tuxc\u0131n (<i>Tuk\u00e7\u0131n<\/i>), \u0130brahim (<i>Bryakhimov<\/i>) ve Tavile gibi bir\u00e7ok kentler kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok Camii&#8217;ler ve kervansaraylar in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. 10&#8217;ncu y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar hala, en az\u0131ndan yaz aylar\u0131nda tahta evleri terk edip \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda oturmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 bilinir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in en m\u00fchim kom\u015fular\u0131, Hazar hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 966 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Ruslar ve Pe\u00e7enekler olmu\u015flard\u0131r. 11&#8217;nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u0130dil Nehrinin g\u00fcneyinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Pe\u00e7eneklerin yerini Kip\u00e7aklar (ya da Kumanlar) alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1006 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131, ticari ama\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 ilk kez Ruslarla diplomatik ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130brahim Han d\u00f6neminde (1006-1025) bu ba\u011flant\u0131lar Horasan&#8217;a kadar uzanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 12&#8217;nci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ama Rus prensleri Bulgar t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n yolunu kestirip onlar\u0131 soydurduklar\u0131 ve hatta onlara i\u015fkence ettirdikleri i\u00e7in, Ruslar ile aralar\u0131nda ciddi sorunlar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1117 y\u0131l\u0131nda Prens Yuri Dolgoruki (h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k s\u00fcresi: 1125-1157) ve Kip\u00e7ak Han&#8217;\u0131 Ayepa aras\u0131nda bir birle\u015fme anla\u015fmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fdir. Bulgarlar ama Ayepa Han&#8217;\u0131 ve di\u011fer Prensleri zehirliyerek bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Andrei Bogoljubski (h\u00fck. 1157-1174) h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k zaman\u0131nda \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131na sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve devletlerini tekrar tehtit etmi\u015fdir. Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen bu sava\u015flar\u0131n birisi Gadbulla \u00c7elbir Han (h\u00fck. 1178-1225) zaman\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f ve bundan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Mo\u011follar Kalka&#8217;y\u0131 ya\u011fmalamalar\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 \u00fclkesini basm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mo\u011follar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc artmas\u0131 devam s\u00fcrd\u00fck\u00e7e \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 devletinin sonu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1236 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar\u0131nda Batu Han gelmi\u015fdir; \u0130dil Nehri&#8217;nin civar\u0131nda Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in toplanan dev ordusu Bolgar kentini talan etmi\u015fdir. B\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliam ile \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonu gelmi\u015fdir. Hayatta kalan \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 Mo\u011fol ordusuna kat\u0131lmaya zorunlu tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Cengiz Han&#8217;\u0131n Alt\u0131n Ordu d\u00f6neminde \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 topraklar\u0131 ve in\u015fa ettikleri kentler Cengiz Han&#8217;\u0131n aristokratlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir merkez haline gelmi\u015f ve 14&#8217;nc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar bu \u00f6nemini korumu\u015fdur.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3125826919\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1237 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011fol h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Batuhan taraf\u0131ndan ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Y\u00fcksek medeniyete sahip olan Kazan Bulgarlar\u0131, Mo\u011follar\u0131n ve Alt\u0131nordu Devletinin T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n<p>1399 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus istilas\u0131na u\u011frayan Bulgar Devleti, Alt\u0131nordu Devleti y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca 1437 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u201cKazan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d b\u00fcnyesinde varl\u0131klar\u0131na devam ettiler.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Murat ULUT\u00dcRK<\/b><\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-973221676\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 7-10&#8217;ncu y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu. B\u00fcy\u00fck Bulgarya Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Hazarlar taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p, \u00d6n bulgarlar halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden sonra meydana gelmi\u015ftir, ve 13&#8217;nc\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":7969,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[10],"tags":[1028,30,253,2193,2194],"class_list":["post-7968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat","tag-bulgar","tag-bulgaristan","tag-cami","tag-idil-bulgarlari","tag-minare"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-24w","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/idil-minare.jpg?fit=200%2C267&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7968"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7968\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}