{"id":7365,"date":"2013-10-13T00:24:48","date_gmt":"2013-10-12T21:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=7365"},"modified":"2019-07-12T20:15:21","modified_gmt":"2019-07-12T18:15:21","slug":"halk-kulturunde-yilan-ezeli-dusman-veya-sihirli-yardimci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/halk-kulturunde-yilan-ezeli-dusman-veya-sihirli-yardimci\/","title":{"rendered":"Halk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde y\u0131lan – ezeli du\u015fman veya sihirli yard\u0131mc\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bulgar geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde y\u0131lan anahtar r\u00f6l\u00fcne sahiptir, hem nefret edilen, hem de sayg\u0131 duyulan bir hayvan olarak. Bir taraftan y\u0131lan, insan\u0131n ezeli d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak kabul edilirken bazen \u015feytan\u0131n ta kendisiyle de \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiriliyor. Baz\u0131 leh\u00e7elerde y\u0131lan kelimesinin adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bile yasak, isminin telafuzu bile yasak ve ismini duyar duymaz \u2013 \u015feytan m\u0131 olacak, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck veya canavar, hemen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r. \"yilan\"<\/a>Y\u0131lanla ilgili k\u00f6t\u00fc semboller y\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fclerle olan halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla ilgilidir. Efsanelere g\u00f6re, bir s\u00fcr\u00fcngen 40 y\u0131l insan g\u00f6z\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclmez ise ejderhaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Efsanelerden bir tanesinde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ike d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yakmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u0131lan\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015fin bir g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ti\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bundan dolay\u0131 da y\u0131lan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde G\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7ok seviniyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131lan krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bulgarcada \u201csmok\u201d olarak bilinen su y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131na \u00f6zel bir yer ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ki bu y\u0131lan\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 2 metreyi a\u015fm\u0131yor. Bulgarcada \u201csmok\u201d ismi \u201csmu\u00e7a\u201d fiilinden geliyor ve y\u0131lan\u0131n s\u00fct\u00fc emmeyi \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fine inan\u0131\u015f\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 var. G\u00f6zleriyle inek inekleri b\u00fcy\u00fcler ve inekler ondan s\u00fct\u00fc emmeye izin verirmi\u015f, ak\u015famlar\u0131 ise sahibine s\u00fcts\u00fcz d\u00f6n\u00fcyorlarm\u0131\u015f. Y\u0131lan\u0131n kovulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir \u015fifal\u0131 bitki kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerek. Y\u0131lan emziren kad\u0131nlardan da s\u00fct emmeyi \u00e7ok seviyormu\u015f, bundan dolay\u0131 da emziren kad\u0131nlar sar\u0131msak veya yine \u00f6zel bir \u015fifal\u0131 bitki ile korunuyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131lanlar\u0131n zehirli ve tehlikeli olmas\u0131yla birlikte sa\u011fl\u0131k ve bereket getirdiklerine de inan\u0131l\u0131r. Halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, y\u0131lanlar ilk olarak 1 mart tarihinde deliklerinden \u00e7\u0131karlar. Bundan dolay\u0131 hastalar ve \u00e7ocuksuz kad\u0131nlar elbiselerini tarlada b\u0131rak\u0131rlarm\u0131\u015f y\u0131lanlar \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7sin diye veya elbiselerini y\u0131lan\u0131n \u00fczerine atarlarm\u0131\u015f. Hamile kalmak isteyen kad\u0131nlar ise beline y\u0131lan derisi ba\u011flarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131lanlar ile hekimlik aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131, y\u0131lan zehirinin t\u0131pta kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgilidir, ki y\u0131lan zehiri kad\u0131m y\u0131llardan bu yana kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Antikte Tanr\u0131 Asklepiy\u2019in y\u0131lan\u0131 kendi sembol\u00fc olarak resimlerde g\u00f6sterilmesinden dolay\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc eczanelerde y\u0131lan\u0131n bir barda\u011f\u0131n \u00e7evresinde dolanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor sembol\u00fcn anlam\u0131. Fakat modern foklora g\u00f6re, bu sembol dondurma yiyen kad\u0131na benziyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: \u015eevkiye \u00c7ak\u0131r \/ Yaz\u0131: Vihra Baeva – BNR<\/p>