{"id":64357,"date":"2025-07-27T22:33:54","date_gmt":"2025-07-27T19:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=64357"},"modified":"2025-07-27T22:34:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-27T19:34:41","slug":"volga-bulgaristani-dogu-ve-bati-arasinda-ortacag-kapisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/volga-bulgaristani-dogu-ve-bati-arasinda-ortacag-kapisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Volga Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 &#8211; Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 aras\u0131nda Orta\u00e7a\u011f kap\u0131s\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kubrat Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu B\u00fcy\u00fck Bulgar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, ikinci o\u011flu Kotrag Kuzey\u2019ye ilerleyerek \u0130dil (Volga) Nehri vadisinde 660 y\u0131l\u0131nda hanl\u0131k kurarak \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Tataristan\u2019da Bulgar Tarih ve Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi&#8217;nde bu tarihten kesitler itinayla korunuyor. \u201cKotrag\u2019\u0131n efsanevi bir \u00f6nder oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bizans kitabelerinde onun ad\u0131 ge\u00e7se de, onun ger\u00e7ek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan somut yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynak\u00e7alar bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d diye anlat\u0131yor M\u00fczenin M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Andrey Fashutdinov.<\/p>\n<div class=\"imgwrapper\">\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/09\/097616ddcc536d1eeb47a6f5699a32ed.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"\u0421\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430\" data-loaded=\"true\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bulgarlar\u0131n mesken edindi\u011fi yer \u00e7ok elveri\u015fli ve ileti\u015fimi iyidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck nehirler, ticaret yollar\u0131 bu vadilerden ge\u00e7mektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve politik merkezler olu\u015fuyor, Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir nevi kap\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor. 864 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eden Tuna Bulgaristan Devletinden farkl\u0131 olarak, Volga Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131nda 922 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almu\u015f Ka\u011fan d\u00f6neminde \u0130slam resmi din ilan ediliyor.<\/p>\n<div class=\"imgwrapper\">\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/60\/60ea14a374f8b3a4887a04d45450ef9e.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"Ulu cami, \u0425\u0406\u0406\u0406 y\u00fczy\u0131l.\" data-loaded=\"true\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"photo_info\">\n<div class=\"text\"><strong>Ulu Bulgar cami, \u0425\u0406\u0406\u0406 y\u00fczy\u0131l.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cHalk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 eski Pagan dinini devam ettiriyor, baz\u0131lar\u0131 Hristiyan oluyor. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n kabul edilmesinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Orta Asya ile yo\u011fun ticari ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flar etkili olmu\u015ftur. \u0130slamiyeti kendi dini olarak kabul eden ilk Bulgarlar\u0131n t\u00fcccar ve gezginlerin oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Ard\u0131ndan di\u011fer kavimler aras\u0131nda da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu da Volga Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da etkilemektedir\u201d.<\/p>\n<div class=\"imgwrapper\">\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/d4\/d48a4e54c3f0fffc894657574a5f8aec.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck minare ve Kara Saray\" data-loaded=\"true\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"photo_info\">\n<div class=\"text\">K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Bulgar minare ve Kara Saray<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Andrey Fashutdinov bu ilgin\u00e7 tarihle ilgili daha \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0130slamiyetten \u00f6nce bu Bulgarlar Runik yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. M\u00fczede simgeler halinde olan bu yaz\u0131dan \u00f6rnekler muhafaza ediliyor. 12.-13. A\u015f\u0131ra kadar bu simgeler zanaat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f- \u00e7anak ve \u00e7\u00f6mlek gibi seramik objelerin dibine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, soy simgeleri olarak da yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n kabul\u00fcnden sonra sonra ise Arap alfabesini temel alan yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve bu yaz\u0131 1920\u2019lerde Bol\u015fevik sosyalistlerin idareye geli\u015fine kadar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2441470778\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/58\/585ae497ee824560a408328f41480077.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"Beyaz camii\" data-loaded=\"true\" \/>Volga Bulgarlar\u0131 1223 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011follar\u0131n istilas\u0131na sert ve kararl\u0131 m\u00fcdahale eden tek halkt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBulgarlar ve Mo\u011follar aras\u0131ndaki bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar Volga nehri k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda Samarskaya Luka b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f. Mo\u011follar\u0131n istilas\u0131n\u0131 haber alan Bulgarlar, teslimiyet senaryosu \u00e7izer ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u00e7izilmi\u015f kumpasa getirmi\u015f olurlar. Bu askeri hileyle Bulgarlar Mo\u011follara b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe indirir ve Mo\u011follar \u00e7areyi ka\u00e7makta bulur. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu esir d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmadan sonra Bulgarlar esir adl\u0131klar\u0131 Mo\u011fol askerilerini koyun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r, bu da Mo\u011fol ordusu i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck rezalet olur.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/ad\/adb039ab6bd624ba2e61b4673061c7ad.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"Bolgar\u2019da Bulgar medeniyeti M\u00fczesi\u2019nde 800 kg, 2 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 1.5 metre eninde olan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck Kuran-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i bulunuyor.\" data-loaded=\"true\" \/>Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma tarihte \u201ckoyun sava\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak ge\u00e7er\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Volga Bulgaristan Devleti en parlak d\u00f6nemini 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda 1236 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ya\u015far. Bu topraklar 1236\u2019da Mo\u011follar\u0131n istilas\u0131na u\u011frar:<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/2e\/2e66b070c32bb7d10a234b5fdd2d12a9.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"\u201c\u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131 \u0130dil nehrine \u00e7\u0131karken\u201d- ressam Y.B. Visogorski\" data-loaded=\"true\" \/>&#8220;Volga Bulgarlar \u00e7ok iyi t\u00fcccarm\u0131\u015f. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ticaret yapar, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 gezermi\u015f. \u00c7in\u2019e kadar varm\u0131\u015flar, Sibirya\u2019dan al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f yapanlar varm\u0131\u015f. Oradan de\u011ferli deri ve hayvan postlar\u0131 getirir, mamut kemikleri toplarm\u0131\u015f, sonra onlar\u0131 Bolgar, Avrupa ve Asya pazarlar\u0131nda satarm\u0131\u015f. Akdeniz\u2019den Kuzey Okyanus\u2019a kadar uzanan ticaret yollar\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f. Zanaat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k da en parlak d\u00f6nemlerini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Orada en erken \u00e7a\u011f tun\u00e7 ocaklar\u0131 bulunuyormu\u015f. Arkeologlar en erken d\u00f6nem demir d\u00f6k\u00fcm at\u00f6lyelerinin izlerine orada rastlar. O eski tun\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fcm teknolojileri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tatarlar taraf\u0131ndan halla kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Camc\u0131l\u0131k da geli\u015fmi\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ordu, at, piyade ve a\u011f\u0131r silahl\u0131 birlikler de askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc te\u015fkil etmi\u015f.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-955116018\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/12\/129277002f5a0beee28ce6862f6b4fab.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"Sava\u015f baltas\u0131 ve ok u\u00e7lar\u0131 , \u0425\u0406\u0406\u0406-\u0425\u0406V y\u00fczy\u0131l.\" data-loaded=\"true\" \/>Volga Bulgarlar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve bilim seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Volga Bulgaristan Devletinde yaz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n\u0131\u015f. E\u011fitim y\u00f6ntemi buna yard\u0131m etmi\u015f. K\u0131zlar da, erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckten itibaren camilere ba\u011fl\u0131 medreselerde yazma, okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenirmi\u015f. N\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn okuma, yazmas\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f. Daha y\u00fcksek e\u011fitimli olanlar ise yabanc\u0131 dil de \u00f6\u011freniyormu\u015f. Bolgar\u2019da e\u011fitimli ki\u015filerin yabanc\u0131 dil bilmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yayg\u0131nm\u0131\u015f\u201d.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3219349940\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kubrat Ka\u011fan\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu B\u00fcy\u00fck Bulgar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, ikinci o\u011flu Kotrag Kuzey\u2019ye ilerleyerek \u0130dil (Volga) Nehri vadisinde 660 y\u0131l\u0131nda hanl\u0131k kurarak \u0130dil Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Tataristan\u2019da<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":64358,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-kultur-sanat"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/volga-bulgar.jpg?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-gK1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64357"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64357\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}