{"id":64037,"date":"2025-03-28T21:52:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T18:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=64037"},"modified":"2025-03-28T21:53:42","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T18:53:42","slug":"cevresel-suc-ve-adaletten-saglanmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/cevresel-suc-ve-adaletten-saglanmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7evresel su\u00e7 ve adalettin sa\u011flanmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00fclten RAY\u0130MO\u011eLU<\/p>\n<p>Ye\u015fil Kriminoloji (veya \u00e7evresel kriminoloji), \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar, ekosistemlere verilen zararlar ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n tahribat\u0131 ile ilgili su\u00e7lar\u0131 inceleyen bir alt dal olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u0131zla \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Bu alan, \u00e7evresel adaletin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, insan faaliyetlerinin \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki etkisi ve bu etkilerin su\u00e7 say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmamas\u0131 konusunda hukuk ve toplumsal d\u00fczen aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ye\u015fil kriminoloji, su\u00e7 ve adaletin \u00e7evresel boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131rken, tarihsel olarak \u00e7evreye verilen zararlar\u0131n nas\u0131l tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nas\u0131l hukuki bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtuldu\u011funu da inceler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Ye\u015fil Kriminolojinin Tarihsel Geli\u015fimi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7evreye verilen zararlar ve bu zararlar\u0131n su\u00e7 say\u0131lmas\u0131, tarihsel olarak olduk\u00e7a uzun bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ancak modern anlamda ye\u015fil kriminolojinin temelleri 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde, sanayile\u015fme, ormanlar\u0131n yok edilmesi, hava kirlili\u011fi, su kirlili\u011fi gibi \u00e7evresel sorunlar toplumlar\u0131 ve bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla ilgilendirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>&#8211; End\u00fcstriyel Devrim ve Erken D\u00f6nem \u00c7evresel Su\u00e7lar<\/em><\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2833804522\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sanayi devrimi (18. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131 ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131), \u00e7evreye zarar veren faaliyetlerin artmas\u0131nda belirleyici bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fabrikalar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesi ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7evreyi tahrip etmi\u015ftir. Ancak, bu t\u00fcr zararl\u0131 faaliyetler genellikle su\u00e7 olarak kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. \u00c7evreyi kirletmek ya da do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullanmak, o d\u00f6nemde &#8220;do\u011fa ile uyumsuzluk&#8221; olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ancak cezai bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>&#8211; 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ve \u00c7evresel Hareketlerin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi, ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve di\u011fer \u00e7evresel sorunlar daha fazla dikkat \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1960&#8217;lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131 ve 1970&#8217;lerin ba\u015flar\u0131, \u00e7evresel hareketlerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi y\u0131llard\u0131r. \u00c7evreye zarar veren sanayi faaliyetlerinin art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kirlilik ve bu kirlili\u011fin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkileri, \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar kavram\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 1970&#8217;lerde, \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar\u0131n daha yayg\u0131n olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ceza yasalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Ye\u015fil Kriminolojinin Temel Kavramlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ye\u015fil kriminoloji, \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar\u0131 iki ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda incelemektedir:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1558080655\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Do\u011frudan \u00c7evresel Su\u00e7lar: Bu su\u00e7lar, \u00e7evreyi do\u011frudan tahrip eden faaliyetleri kapsar. \u00d6rnekler aras\u0131nda orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131k, su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kirletme, hava kirlili\u011fine neden olma ve habitat tahribat\u0131 bulunur. Bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7lar, \u00f6zellikle sanayi, tar\u0131m ve maden i\u015fletmecili\u011fi gibi insan faaliyetlerinin do\u011faya verdi\u011fi zararlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Dolayl\u0131 \u00c7evresel Su\u00e7lar: Bu su\u00e7lar, \u00e7evreye zarar vermeyen ancak do\u011frudan \u00e7evreyle ili\u015fkili olan faaliyetlerdir. Bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 at\u0131k d\u00f6kme, ticari faaliyetlerde \u00e7evre standartlar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etme, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine yol a\u00e7an faaliyetler say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ye\u015fil kriminoloji, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131 incelerken ayn\u0131 zamanda bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n neden toplumsal adaletle ve insan haklar\u0131yla nas\u0131l ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu da sorgular.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Ye\u015fil Adaletin Sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve Hukuki \u00c7er\u00e7eve<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ye\u015fil su\u00e7lar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, genellikle \u00e7evre yasalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve \u00e7evresel su\u00e7larla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u00c7evreye y\u00f6nelik su\u00e7lar\u0131n tarihsel olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7lar\u0131n toplumun dikkatini \u00e7ekmesiyle birlikte olmu\u015ftur.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3819017584\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><em>&#8211; Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7evre Hukuku ve Ye\u015fil Adalet<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evre yasalar\u0131, \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar\u0131n hukuki anlamda tan\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1972&#8217;de Stockholm Konferans\u0131, \u00e7evre koruma ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma gibi \u00f6nemli konular\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, 1992\u2019deki Rio Konferans\u0131 ve 1997\u2019deki Kyoto Protokol\u00fc, \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar\u0131n k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde daha fazla dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede, \u00e7evreyi korumak amac\u0131yla yasalar ve d\u00fczenlemeler olu\u015fturulmu\u015f, \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar i\u00e7in cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>&#8211; Ye\u015fil Kriminoloji ve Adaletin Toplumsal Boyutu<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ye\u015fil kriminoloji, \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca \u00e7evreyi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 da etkiledi\u011fini vurgular. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7evreye zarar veren sanayi faaliyetleri genellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan toplumlar\u0131 daha fazla etkiler. Bu, \u00e7evresel adaletin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir noktad\u0131r. Adaletin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7evreyi korumakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7evresel zararlardan en fazla etkilenen topluluklara da koruma ve destek sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Ye\u015fil Kriminolojinin Gelece\u011fi ve Su\u00e7un Yeni Tan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-4173384094\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00e7evreye verilen zarar\u0131n artmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin azalmas\u0131 ve su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kirlenmesi gibi k\u00fcresel sorunlar, ye\u015fil kriminolojinin \u00f6nemini daha da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, ekosistemleri ve biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi korumak i\u00e7in su\u00e7 tan\u0131mlar\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar\u0131n daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde denetlenmesi gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>&#8211; \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Ye\u015fil Su\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca do\u011fa \u00fczerinde de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal yap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde de etkiler yaratmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve \u00e7evresel felaketler, dolayl\u0131 olarak su\u00e7 oranlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir. Kriminologlar, bu s\u00fcrecin \u00e7evresel su\u00e7larla nas\u0131l ili\u015fkilendirilece\u011fini ve bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n hukuki boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede art\u0131ran \u015firketlerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi fikri giderek daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ye\u015fil kriminoloji, \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar, \u00e7evreyi tahrip eden insan faaliyetleri ve bu faaliyetlerin toplumsal adaletle ili\u015fkisi hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir alan sunar. Tarihsel olarak, \u00e7evreye verilen zararlar ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta su\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olsa da, zaman i\u00e7inde \u00e7evreyi koruyan yasalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, \u00e7evresel adaletin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik k\u00fcresel bir fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratm\u0131\u015f ve toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 koruma ad\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-586633387\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-2650560659\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00fclten RAY\u0130MO\u011eLU Ye\u015fil Kriminoloji (veya \u00e7evresel kriminoloji), \u00e7evresel su\u00e7lar, ekosistemlere verilen zararlar ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n tahribat\u0131 ile ilgili su\u00e7lar\u0131 inceleyen bir alt dal olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":62533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-gER","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/gulten-rayimoglu.jpg?fit=813%2C996&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64037\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}