{"id":63539,"date":"2025-02-03T21:34:02","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T18:34:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=63539"},"modified":"2025-02-03T21:34:02","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T18:34:02","slug":"ibn-haldun-14-yuzyilda-yasamis-onemli-bir-islam-dusunuru-tarihci-ve-sosyologdur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/ibn-haldun-14-yuzyilda-yasamis-onemli-bir-islam-dusunuru-tarihci-ve-sosyologdur\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130bn Haldun, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc, tarih\u00e7i ve sosyologdur."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Onun medeniyet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle &#8220;Mukaddime&#8221; adl\u0131 eserinde detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130bn Haldun, medeniyeti (umran) toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, devletlerin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, insanlar\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik ili\u015fkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda inceler. \u0130\u015fte \u0130bn Haldun&#8217;un medeniyet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temel unsurlar\u0131:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">1. Umran Kavram\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; \u0130bn Haldun, medeniyeti &#8220;umran&#8221; kavram\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klar. Umran, insanlar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fehirlerin kuruldu\u011fu, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ve bilimin geli\u015fti\u011fi bir toplumsal d\u00fczeni ifade eder.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Umran, hem fiziksel yerle\u015fim hem de insanlar\u0131n sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel faaliyetlerini kapsar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2. Bedevilik ve Hadarilik<\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"bghab-602479125\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; \u0130bn Haldun, toplumlar\u0131 iki temel kategoriye ay\u0131r\u0131r: bedevi (g\u00f6\u00e7ebe) ve hadari (yerle\u015fik) toplumlar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Bedevi toplumlar, daha basit bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na sahiptir, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve asabiyet (grup dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131) g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu toplumlar genellikle \u00e7\u00f6l veya k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015far.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Hadari toplumlar ise \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan, medeniyetin geli\u015fti\u011fi, refah\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu toplumlard\u0131r. Ancak hadari toplumlar, zamanla l\u00fcks ve rahata al\u0131\u015farak zay\u0131flar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">3. Asabiyet ve Devletlerin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; \u0130bn Haldun, toplumlar\u0131n ve devletlerin y\u00fckseli\u015finde asabiyet (grup dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131) kavram\u0131n\u0131 merkeze al\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"bghab-336183826\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Bedevi toplumlar, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc asabiyet sayesinde devletler kurar ve yerle\u015fik medeniyetlere h\u00e2kim olur. Ancak zamanla bu devletler, l\u00fcks ve refah\u0131n etkisiyle zay\u0131flar ve y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, \u0130bn Haldun&#8217;un &#8220;devletlerin do\u011fal \u00f6mr\u00fc&#8221; teorisini olu\u015fturur. Devletler, t\u0131pk\u0131 canl\u0131 organizmalar gibi do\u011far, b\u00fcy\u00fcr, ya\u015flan\u0131r ve \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">4. Medeniyetin \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; \u0130bn Haldun&#8217;a g\u00f6re medeniyetler, refah ve l\u00fcks\u00fcn artmas\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6kmeye ba\u015flar. \u015eehirlerde ya\u015fayan insanlar, rahata al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma azimlerini kaybeder ve ahlaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme ba\u015flar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te devletler, vergi gelirlerini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in halka bask\u0131 yapar, bu da toplumsal huzursuzlu\u011fa ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7ar.<\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2496167209\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">5. Ekonomi ve Medeniyet<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; \u0130bn Haldun, medeniyetin geli\u015fmesinde ekonominin \u00f6nemine vurgu yapar. \u015eehirlerde ticaret, zanaat ve tar\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fmesi, medeniyetin ilerlemesini sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Ancak ekonomik refah, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 l\u00fcks t\u00fcketim ve israfa yol a\u00e7arsa, bu durum medeniyetin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">6. Tarihsel D\u00f6ng\u00fc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; \u0130bn Haldun&#8217;un medeniyet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, tarihin bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ilerledi\u011fini savunur. Bedevi toplumlar, yerle\u015fik medeniyetleri ele ge\u00e7irir, zamanla onlar da zay\u0131flar ve yeni bir bedevi toplum taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p><div id=\"bghab-3627726592\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&#8211; Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u0130bn Haldun&#8217;un tarih felsefesinin temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0130bn Haldun&#8217;un medeniyet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, toplumlar\u0131n dinamiklerini, devletlerin y\u00fckseli\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini, ekonomik ve sosyal fakt\u00f6rleri bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele al\u0131r. Onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, modern sosyoloji ve tarih biliminin temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Medeniyetlerin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne dair analizleri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3029252840\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Onun medeniyet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle &#8220;Mukaddime&#8221; adl\u0131 eserinde detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130bn Haldun, medeniyeti (umran) toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, devletlerin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, insanlar\u0131n sosyal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":58744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-gwP","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/bgsam-logo.jpg?fit=2560%2C1810&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63539\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}