{"id":63189,"date":"2025-01-04T19:49:51","date_gmt":"2025-01-04T16:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=63189"},"modified":"2025-01-04T19:49:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-04T16:49:51","slug":"bulgar-sosyalist-projesinde-turk-azinligina-karsi-calismalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgar-sosyalist-projesinde-turk-azinligina-karsi-calismalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgar Sosyalist Projesinde T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>G\u00fclten RAY\u0130MO\u011eLU<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan\u2019da 1970\u2019lerin Ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u201cUlus \u0130n\u015fas\u0131\u201d ve \u201cUlus Y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131\u201d: T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Silinmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1970\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Bulgaristan&#8217;da baz\u0131 kuramc\u0131lar, n\u00fcfusun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 sorununa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak <strong><em>\u201culus in\u015fas\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u00f6ylemini benimsemi\u015fken, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise bu durumu <strong><em>\u201culus y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> olarak ele alarak farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nSosyalist rejimle y\u00f6netilen Bulgaristan, 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Connor\u2019\u0131n <strong><em>\u201culus y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> kuram\u0131n\u0131 kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rarak bu projeyi iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcrecine sokmu\u015ftur. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, bir yandan <strong><em>\u201csosyalist Bulgar ulusu in\u015fas\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> olarak \u015fekillenirken, di\u011fer taraftan <strong><em>\u201culusal T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> olarak uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu yaz\u0131da, Bulgaristan\u2019daki bu d\u00f6nemdeki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel silme politikalar\u0131n\u0131, ulus in\u015fas\u0131 ve ulus y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cUlus \u0130n\u015fas\u0131\u201d ve \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar<\/h3>\n<p>Sosyalist Bulgaristan\u2019da, Lenin\u2019in <strong><em>\u201cYeni sosyalist sistemi her millete, \u00f6ncelikle kendi dilinde anlatmak gerekir\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ilkesinden hareketle, T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kendi ana dillerinde e\u011fitim almalar\u0131na izin verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk ba\u015fta, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen T\u00fcrk sosyalist yazarlar\u0131 Naz\u0131m Hikmet ve Sabahattin Ali gibi isimlerin eserleri, T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerinde okutulmu\u015f, bu yazarlar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta g\u00f6sterilen bu ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra kademeli bir \u015fekilde geriletilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn desteklendi\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemden sonra, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin sosyal hayat i\u00e7indeki i\u015flevi giderek azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e radyo ve televizyon yay\u0131nlar\u0131 sona erdirilmi\u015f, k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerdeki T\u00fcrk\u00e7e eserler toplat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrk sosyalist yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n Bulgarca \u00e7evirilerinin dahi okunmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019nin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131k olarak silinmesine y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1777734670\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Etnik Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Belirginle\u015fmesi<\/h3>\n<p>Pomak T\u00fcrklerinin kimliklerini silmeye y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar, etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n en a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rneklerinden biri olmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nPomak T\u00fcrklerinin ad-soyadlar\u0131 zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, yerlerine Bulgar-Slav adlar\u0131 dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu ad de\u011fi\u015ftirme uygulamas\u0131, sadece k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir asimilasyon de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda etnik kimli\u011fin yok edilmesinin bir arac\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nPomaklar, adlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 geldiklerinde, Belene Toplama Kamp\u0131 gibi yerlerde tutuklanm\u0131\u015flar ve \u015fiddetli bask\u0131lara maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Pomak T\u00fcrklerine y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fka bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bask\u0131, okullarda, i\u015f yerlerinde ve hastanelerde, <strong><em>\u201cBulgar ad\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ile hitap edilmesinin zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu dayatma, e\u011fitim ve i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131na dair \u00f6nemli bir kimlik silme prati\u011fi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk adlar\u0131n\u0131n silinmesi, o d\u00f6nemde bir t\u00fcr k\u00fclt\u00fcrel soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Dil ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn Bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019nin kullan\u0131m\u0131, yaln\u0131zca kamusal alanla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, aile i\u00e7i ileti\u015fimde dahi yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlara uygulanan cezalar, bu bask\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<br \/>\nHer T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelime i\u00e7in 5 leva gibi a\u011f\u0131r para cezalar\u0131 getirilmi\u015f, bu durum T\u00fcrklerin dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 koparmak i\u00e7in ciddi bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nSosyal hayatta T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019nin yasaklanmas\u0131, sadece dilin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin de silinmesi amac\u0131 g\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk izlerinin silinmesi, sadece dilde de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve co\u011frafi unsurlarda da kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nT\u00fcrk adlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yaz\u0131lar silinmi\u015f, hatta T\u00fcrk adlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7e\u015fmelerin isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nT\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait \u015fehirler, kasabalar, k\u00f6yler, da\u011flar ve di\u011fer do\u011fal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131klar hedef al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve adlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi veya yok edilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7aba harcanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Mesleki ve Sosyal Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n<p>1980\u2019lerdeki etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkler en a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015f, doktor, \u00f6\u011fretmen, m\u00fchendis gibi y\u00fcksek nitelikli meslek gruplar\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u015finden at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin, Bulgar toplumunda daha alt s\u0131n\u0131flarda yer almas\u0131na ve sosyal olarak marjinalle\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7an bu politikalar, ekonomik e\u015fitsizli\u011fi peki\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1523441636\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Bulgaristan\u2019da 2012 Tan\u0131mas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>11 Ocak 2012 tarihinde, Bulgaristan Parlamentosu, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve Bulgaristan&#8217;dan yakla\u015f\u0131k 350.000 T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn zorla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesini, <strong><em>\u201cetnik temizlik\u201d<\/em><\/strong> olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7, Avrupa tarihinde \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra kayda ge\u00e7en en b\u00fcy\u00fck etnik temizlik olaylar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu tan\u0131ma, Bulgaristan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dilsel ve kimliksel olarak yok edilmesi amac\u0131 g\u00fcden bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n da resm\u00ee olarak kabul edildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019da 1970\u2019lerde ba\u015flayan <strong><em>\u201culus in\u015fas\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ve <strong><em>\u201culus y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kimliksel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak silinmesine y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sosyal m\u00fchendislik projesi olmu\u015ftur. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, sadece etnik temizlikle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrklerin dili, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve kimli\u011fi \u00fczerinde sistemli bir yok etme stratejisi olarak uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fanan bu tarihsel olaylar, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bask\u0131n\u0131n, dil yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve kimlik silmenin toplumsal haf\u0131zada derin izler b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sererken, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu t\u00fcr uygulamalar\u0131n insan haklar\u0131 ihlali olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-94174376\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00fclten RAY\u0130MO\u011eLU Bulgaristan\u2019da 1970\u2019lerin Ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u201cUlus \u0130n\u015fas\u0131\u201d ve \u201cUlus Y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131\u201d: T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Silinmesi 1970\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Bulgaristan&#8217;da baz\u0131 kuramc\u0131lar, n\u00fcfusun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 sorununa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":62578,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-grb","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/gulten-rzg.jpg?fit=512%2C640&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63189"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63189\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=63189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}