G\u00fclten RAY\u0130MO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 1877-1878 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kaybeden T\u00fcrkler, 1908\u2019de tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir krall\u0131k h\u00e2line gelen Bulgaristan, 1944-1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sosyalist y\u00f6netim ile idare edilmi\u015ftir ve 1989\u2019dan itibaren demokratik bir y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Bulgaristan’da \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkler, Pomaklar ve Romanlara y\u00f6nelik \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel asimilasyon, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, d\u0131\u015flama, kimlik de\u011fi\u015ftirme, etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme gibi uygulamalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen, Bulgaristan, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruyaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir\u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n 1947-1970 D\u00f6nemi: Sosyalist Rejim ve Anayasalar 1980\u2019ler: Etnik Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Zirveye Ula\u015fmas\u0131 Yeniden Do\u011fu\u015f S\u00fcreci ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n H\u0131zlanmas\u0131
\nBulgaristan’da sosyalist rejimin ilk anayasas\u0131 olan 1947 Anayasas\u0131, ulusal az\u0131nl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 haklar tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anayasan\u0131n 79. maddesinde, “Ulusal az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Bulgar dilini \u00f6\u011frenmeleri zorunlu olmakla birlikte, kendi ana dillerinde e\u011fitim alma ve ulusal k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131 da vard\u0131r” ifadesi yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, 1971\u2019de kabul edilen yeni anayasa olan \u201cJivkov Anayasas\u0131\u201d ile 1947 Anayasas\u0131’ndaki \u201culusal az\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d ifadesi kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yerine \u201cBulgar olmayan soydan olan vatanda\u015flar\u201d ifadesi getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu anayasan\u0131n 45. maddesinin 7. f\u0131kras\u0131nda, “Bulgar olmayan soydan olan vatanda\u015flar, Bulgar dilini \u00f6\u011frenme zorunlulu\u011funun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kendi dillerini \u00f6\u011frenme hakk\u0131na da sahiptir” denilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda Bulgaristan’da, \u201cSoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d ad\u0131 verilen resmi teze dayal\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerinde yo\u011fun bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel soyk\u0131r\u0131m uyguland\u0131. Bu tez, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde zorla T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilen Bulgarlardan ibaret oldu\u011fu ve bu ki\u015filerin, tarihsel fark\u0131ndal\u0131kla g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Bulgar soylar\u0131na d\u00f6nmek istedikleri iddias\u0131na dayan\u0131yordu. 1984-1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkler \u00fczerinde uygulanan etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m, k\u00fclt\u00fcr-k\u0131r\u0131m ve etnik temizlik politikalar\u0131, Bulgaristan Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 silmeye y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00fcrece d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu d\u00f6nemde, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve kimli\u011finin yok edilmesi amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli devlet politikalar\u0131 uyguland\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki sosyalist rejimlerin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte, Bulgaristan\u2019da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcreci h\u0131z kazand\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde uygulamaya konulan \u201cYeniden do\u011fu\u015f s\u00fcreci\u201d, Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc silme amac\u0131 g\u00fcden en sert uygulamalardan biri oldu. Sosyalist rejimin son y\u0131llar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkler ve Pomaklar \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bask\u0131 uyguland\u0131, zorla isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve din de\u011fi\u015ftirme uygulamalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. 1989 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, bu politikalar\u0131n etnik temizli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve binlerce T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn zorla s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi\u011fi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>