G\u00fclten RAY\u0130MO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
Bulgaristan, 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu topraklarda y\u00fcz y\u0131llard\u0131r ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in karanl\u0131k bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu. T\u00fcrkler, Bulgaristan’da bir etnik az\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011fil, bu topraklar\u0131n asli unsurlar\u0131ndan biriydi. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kurulan Bulgaristan devleti, T\u00fcrkleri yaln\u0131zca Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n bir miras\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden bir unsur olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrklerin kimli\u011fini, dinini, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yok etmeye y\u00f6nelik sistematik bir politikan\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturdu. Pomak T\u00fcrklerine Y\u00f6nelik Asimilasyon Politikalar\u0131 1934 Darbesi ve Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma Politikalar\u0131 1970\u2019ler: Roman ve Pomak Soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131
\nBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sonras\u0131: Etnik Temizlik Ba\u015fl\u0131yor
\nBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan, Bulgar \u00e7eteleri T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerini basmaya, T\u00fcrkleri yerlerinden etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar sadece bireysel \u015fiddet eylemleri de\u011fil, yeni kurulan Bulgar devleti taraf\u0131ndan te\u015fvik edilen ve desteklenen bir politikan\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. T\u00fcrkleri topraklar\u0131ndan s\u00fcrmek ve onlar\u0131n yerlerine Bulgar n\u00fcfusu yerle\u015ftirmek, devletin temel stratejisi haline geldi.
\nT\u00fcrkler, canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in evlerini, tarlalar\u0131n\u0131, topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ya da ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Ancak bu g\u00f6\u00e7, T\u00fcrklerin tarihindeki en ac\u0131 sayfalardan biri oldu; bir\u00e7ok insan yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7l\u0131k, hastal\u0131k ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\nBulgaristan\u2019daki T\u00fcrk soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en trajik safhalar\u0131ndan biri, Pomak T\u00fcrklerine y\u00f6nelik asimilasyon politikalar\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Pomaklar\u0131n isimleri <\/span><\/span>tam be\u015f kez zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Hristiyanla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131, Pomaklar\u0131n din\u00ee kimli\u011fini yok etmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen, Pomaklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kimliklerine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131 ve asimilasyon \u00e7abalar\u0131na direndi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen darbe, T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in yeni bir bask\u0131 dalgas\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirdi. Bu d\u00f6nemde, T\u00fcrk toplumu i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131\u015fma yaratmak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc olarak ikiye b\u00f6lme politikas\u0131 uyguland\u0131. T\u00fcrkler, kendi i\u00e7lerinde bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi ve birlik olma g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kaybettiler.
\n1934 sonras\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar oldu. T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131 kapat\u0131ld\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yasakland\u0131 ve dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131. Bulgaristan\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerin kimli\u011fini silmek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc y\u00f6ntem denendi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n1970\u2019lerde asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 yeniden h\u0131z kazand\u0131. \u0130lk olarak Romanlara, ard\u0131ndan Pomak T\u00fcrklerine y\u00f6nelik kimlik de\u011fi\u015fimi ve dini bask\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 devreye sokuldu. 1984 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise Bulgaristan\u2019daki t\u00fcm T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n isimleri zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.
\nBu d\u00f6nemde, T\u00fcrk mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 tahrip edildi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman cenazeleri Bulgar geleneklerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6m\u00fclmeye zorland\u0131. Ancak T\u00fcrkler, inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in geceleri gizlice cenazelerini yeniden defnetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>