{"id":62978,"date":"2024-12-20T22:40:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T19:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=62978"},"modified":"2024-12-20T22:40:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-20T19:40:39","slug":"turkun-avrupaya-acilan-kapisi-belgrad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/turkun-avrupaya-acilan-kapisi-belgrad\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn Avrupa&#8217;ya A\u00e7\u0131lan Kap\u0131s\u0131: Belgrad"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"left\"><strong>Dr. Nedim B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">A\u011fustos ay\u0131, T\u00fcrk milleti i\u00e7in zaferle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f bir d\u00f6nemdir. Tarih boyunca kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6nemli zaferlerin \u00e7o\u011fu, bu ayda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Roma \u0130mparatoru Augustus\u2019tan ad\u0131n\u0131 alan bu zafer ay\u0131, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 milletler ve fetihlerle tan\u0131nan halklar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131r. Ancak, a\u011fustosun hakk\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk milleti kadar hi\u00e7 bir millet verememi\u015ftir. Orta \u00c7a\u011f ve Yeni \u00c7a\u011f, T\u00fcrk milletinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devleti oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlere i\u015faret eder. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinin ard\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk haline gelmi\u015f, do\u011fu ve g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f, Akdeniz&#8217;i T\u00fcrk g\u00f6l\u00fc haline getirmi\u015ftir. Bu zaferlerle birlikte Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun y\u00f6n\u00fc art\u0131k tamamen Avrupa\u2019ya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Balkanlar fethedilmi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tek engel Belgrad\u2019d\u0131r.<br \/>\nBelgrad, Orta ve Kuzey Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k denizlere ba\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir \u015fehir olup, tarihi boyunca stratejik bir yerle\u015fim yeri olmu\u015ftur. Sava ve Tuna nehirlerinin birle\u015fim noktas\u0131ndaki konumu, ula\u015f\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. S\u0131rp\u00e7adaki ad\u0131 &#8220;Beo-grad&#8221; yani &#8220;Beyaz \u015eehir&#8221; olan Belgrad, Osmanl\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u201cCihad Meydan\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihte bir\u00e7ok medeniyetin egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda bulunan \u015fehir, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan I. y\u00fczy\u0131lda askeri bir garnizon olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hun T\u00fcrkleri, 441 y\u0131l\u0131nda Belgrad\u2019\u0131 fethetmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan Gotlar, Bizansl\u0131lar, T\u00fcrk Avarlar ve di\u011fer \u00e7e\u015fitli topluluklar \u015fehir \u00fczerinde egemenlik kurmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nOsmanl\u0131lar, Balkanlar\u0131 fethederek Orta Avrupa yolunun \u00f6n\u00fcndeki tek engel olan Belgrad\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye kararl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130lk olarak 1440\u2019ta Sultan II. Murat taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lan Belgrad, sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ve iyi tahkim edilmi\u015f surlar nedeniyle al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6lgedeki fetihlere devam etmek i\u00e7in stratejik ak\u0131nlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n1453\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinden sonra II. Mehmed, Orta Avrupa&#8217;ya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ve Belgrad\u2019\u0131 almak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1456 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ikinci ku\u015fatma da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015f, ancak Osmanl\u0131lar bu engeli a\u015fmaya kararl\u0131yd\u0131lar. 1492\u2019de Sultan II. Beyaz\u0131t, Belgrad\u2019\u0131 fethetmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f, ancak bir dizi i\u00e7 sorun nedeniyle ku\u015fatma sonlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n1520 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 taht\u0131na ge\u00e7en Sultan S\u00fcleyman, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk devralm\u0131\u015f ve Belgrad\u2019\u0131 almak i\u00e7in gerekli haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1521 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, Sultan S\u00fcleyman komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 ordusu Belgrad ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f ve 27 A\u011fustos 1521\u2019de i\u00e7 kaleye yap\u0131lan genel h\u00fccumla birlikte Belgrad fethedilmi\u015ftir. Bu zafer, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Orta Avrupa yolunu tamamen a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, Belgrad da Osmanl\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n askeri garnizon merkezi haline gelmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nBelgrad\u2019\u0131n fethi, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Avrupa\u2019daki seferlerinin ve fetihlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1521\u2019deki zaferle birlikte Belgrad, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Orta Avrupa\u2019ya do\u011fru ilerlemesinin anahtar\u0131 olmu\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerinin Avrupa\u2019daki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc peki\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n Belgrad\u2019\u0131 almas\u0131yla birlikte, T\u00fcrklerin Avrupa \u00fczerindeki etkisi daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f ve uzun s\u00fcreli bir h\u00e2kimiyetin temelleri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-1776041610\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Nedim B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 A\u011fustos ay\u0131, T\u00fcrk milleti i\u00e7in zaferle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f bir d\u00f6nemdir. Tarih boyunca kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6nemli zaferlerin \u00e7o\u011fu, bu ayda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Roma \u0130mparatoru Augustus\u2019tan ad\u0131n\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":8403,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-gnM","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/nedim-birinci.jpg?fit=432%2C552&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62978"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62978\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}