{"id":60950,"date":"2024-05-30T19:58:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T16:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=60950"},"modified":"2024-05-30T19:58:58","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T16:58:58","slug":"enderun-mektebi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/enderun-mektebi\/","title":{"rendered":"Enderun Mektebi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Enderun Mektebi II. Murad taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Saray hizmetinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak g\u00f6revlileri yeti\u015ftirmek maksad\u0131yla kurulan bu okul, e\u011fitim sistemi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kendinden \u00f6nce kurulmu\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn okullardan farkl\u0131l\u0131k arzeder.<\/p>\n<p>Bir saray mektebi olan Enderun, Fatih Sultan Mehmed d\u00f6neminde hakiki \u015fahsiyetine kavu\u015farak, dev\u015firme mektebi h\u00fcviyetinden, m\u00fclki ve id\u00e2ri kadronun e\u011fitimine de y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. Enderun\u2019un geli\u015fmesi II. Beyazid, Yavuz Sultan Selim, Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman gibi p\u00e2di\u015f\u00e2hlar zaman\u0131nda da s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Enderun Mektebi\u2019ne \u201cDev\u015firme Kanunu\u201d ile \u00f6\u011frenci al\u0131n\u0131r, us\u00fcls\u00fcz \u00e7ocuk kabul edilmezdi. Dev\u015firme i\u015finde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yolsuzlu\u011fu \u00f6nlemek \u00fczere yine ayn\u0131 kanunla al\u0131nan bir hayli tedbirler zinciri de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Enderun Mektebi, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ba\u015f g\u00f6steren askeri ve siy\u00e2si \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeden etkilenmi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k diplomatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler, savunma i\u00e7in silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131nda \u00f6nem kazanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum askeri ve siy\u00e2si mektep olan Enderun Mektebi \u00fczerinde idare etme tarz\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik II. Mahmud zaman\u0131nda olmu\u015f, Enderun bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, 1850\u2019de de Maarif Nez\u00e2reti Enderun\u2019u ibtid\u00e2isiyle birlikte r\u00fc\u015fdiye derecesinde bir mektep haline getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-656293065\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Yeni\u00e7eri oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ordu i\u00e7in bu mektepten \u00e7ok say\u0131da subay al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu da mektebin d\u00fczenini bozmu\u015f, bilhassa Tanzimat\u2019tan sonra, burada yeti\u015fenlerin devlet hizmetlerinde eskisi gibi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden zaten \u00f6nemini kaybetmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>1 Temmuz 1909\u2019da Enderun Mektebi la\u011fvedilmi\u015ftir. 1923\u2019den sonra ise Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131 m\u00fcze ve k\u00fct\u00fcphane haline getirilerek, bu m\u00fcessesenin de be\u015f as\u0131rl\u0131k t\u00e2rihi rol\u00fcne nihayet veril-mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><b>E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M TARZI\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\nDev\u015firmeler k\u00fclt\u00fcrle\u015ftirme ve disiplinle\u015ftirme diye iki a\u015famaya t\u00e2bi tutulurlard\u0131. K\u00fclt\u00fcrle\u015ftirme prensibi do\u011frultusunda, Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve gelene\u011fine uyum sa\u011flama mes\u2019elesi halledildi\u011fi gibi, dev\u015firmeler toplumun karakteristik k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel g\u00f6revlerin sorumlulu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131 yerine getirme yollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freniyordu. Di\u011fer taraftan T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne tamam\u0131yle yabanc\u0131 ailelerden gelen bu dev\u015firme \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e2detlerine g\u00f6re yeti\u015ftirilmesi gerekmekteydi, i\u015fte disiplinle\u015ftirme kavram\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan faaliyetler buna y\u00f6nelikti. Son derece sert ve disiplin sa\u011flama hususunda kabiliyetli olan Ak A\u011falar bu hususta vazifeliydiler.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin di\u011fer okullar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi Enderun Mektebin\u2019de de \u201cKabiliyetleri y\u00f6neltme ve destekleme\u201d hususunda azami \u00f6zen g\u00f6steriliyordu. B\u00fct\u00fcn hizmetlerde y\u00fckselebilmek, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kabiliyete dayan\u0131yor, \u00f6\u011fretimin ba\u015f\u0131ndan sonuna kadar ilgi ve kabiliyete \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131n\u0131yordu, \u00f6\u011frenciler, kabiliyetlerine uygun \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6\u011frenim kanallar\u0131ndan birinde yeti\u015fdi. \u00d6\u011frenimin her kademesinde ge\u00e7erli olan bir husus vard\u0131; o da belirli birka\u00e7 mecburi ders d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn derslerin kabiliyete uygunlu\u011funa g\u00f6re ve se\u00e7meli olu-\u015fuydu. Bu durum talebeleri gayretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya sevketmek i\u00e7in en iyi yoldu.<\/p>\n<p>Kabiliyetler i\u00e7in s\u00f6n\u00fcp silinip gitme, \u00e2t\u0131l kalma diye bir\u015fey s\u00f6zkonusu de\u011fildi. Onlar heryerde tesbit edilir, kendilerine terfi imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Kimse anadan do\u011fma imtiyazl\u0131 de\u011fildi ve i\u015fe yaramayan, vas\u0131fs\u0131z bir a-dam yerinde sayma\u011fa mahk\u00fbmdu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2545788080\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M\u0130N VASITALARI\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\n<b>a) Ceza ve M\u00fck\u00e2fat:\u00a0<\/b>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde, \u00f6zellikle e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim ku-rumlar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir disiplin tavizsiz olarak uygulanm\u0131\u015f, ceza ve m\u00fck\u00e2fatlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Cezaland\u0131rma konusunda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011fa gidilmez, fakat kusur ve eksiklikler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da sessiz kal\u0131nmaz, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6sterilmezdi. \u00c7e\u015fitli konularda yasaklar koyma, tehdit, dayak, azar-lama ve gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde mektepten uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma gibi cezalar verilirdi. Dayak su\u00e7a g\u00f6re ve seviyeli olur, bunu yaparken talebenin haysiyetini rencide etmeme\u011fe dikkat edilirdi. Mevki artt\u0131k\u00e7a do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak artan cezalar, seviyeye g\u00f6reydi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130yi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ve okul ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na da \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem verilirdi. Arap\u00e7a, Kuran til\u00e2veti, H\u00fcsn-\u00fc Hat, Musiki gibi konularda g\u00f6sterilen se\u00e7kinlik ve ba\u015far\u0131lar; binicilik, silah kullanma, cirit ve di\u011fer yar\u0131\u015fmalarda g\u00f6sterilen \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckler bizzat h\u00fck\u00fcmdarca hem s\u00f6z ve hem de nesnel de\u011ferlerle m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli de\u011ferlerde elbiseler, para \u00f6d\u00fclleri, silahlar, binek hayvanlar\u0131 bu meyanda say\u0131labilir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revlere getirilme, maa\u015f art\u0131rma gibi m\u00fck\u00e2afatlar da vard\u0131r. Enderun Mektebinde ilk m\u00fck\u00e2fatlar, s\u0131n\u0131ftan s\u0131n\u0131fa terfi \u015feklindeydi.<\/p>\n<p>Enderun Mektebinde m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131rma sistemi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Y\u00fckselen kimse m\u00fckemmel hayat \u015fartlar\u0131na sahip olur ve geliri artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSaray g\u00f6revlilerini yeti\u015ftirmek \u00fczere kurulan Enderun Mektebi, \u00f6\u011frencilerini dev\u015firme usul\u00fc ile tesbit ederdi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bir saray okulu olan bu m\u00fcessese de \u015fehzadeler ve di\u011fer ekabirin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da e\u011fitilirdi. Kabiliyetli dev\u015firme \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile \u015fehzadeler ayn\u0131 okulda \u00f6\u011f-renim g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi\u201d.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3290062463\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>b) \u00c7\u0131kmalar:\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\nHaz\u0131rl\u0131k mekteplerinden Enderun Mektebine veya Sipahi B\u00f6l\u00fcklerine ge\u00e7ebilmek i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m kurallara mutlaka uyulurdu. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7\u0131kma Kanunu\u201d geliyordu. Bu kanunun uygulanmas\u0131, mektepten mezun olma gibi bir durumdu, Genellikle yedi senede bir uygulan\u0131rd\u0131. Padi\u015fah tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da \u00e7\u0131kmalar olurdu. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve kabiliyetleri iyi olanlar yedi-sekiz y\u0131lda \u00f6\u011frenimlerini tamamlar, yeti\u015fmemi\u015f olanlar ise ond\u00f6rt y\u0131l kadar \u00f6\u011frenimlerine devam ederlerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Saray\u0131\u2019ndan iyi yeti\u015fenler, terbiye ve ahl\u00e2klar\u0131 iyi olanlar Saraya al\u0131n\u0131r, daha y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim veren Enderun s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na kabul edilirlerdi. Oralarda da ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6sterenler terfi ederek s\u0131ras\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn makamlara y\u00fckselirlerdi. \u0130\u00e7lerinde Beylerbeyi, Serhad Kumandan\u0131, Vali ve El\u00e7i olanlar oldu\u011fu gibi Vezir olanlar, hatta Seraskerli\u011fe ve Sadrazaml\u0131\u011fa kadar y\u00fckselenlerde vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Saray\u0131nda, derslerine az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve kabiliyeti k\u0131t olanlar Saraya al\u0131nmaz, Sipahi B\u00f6l\u00fcklerine sevk edilirler, buran\u0131n okumu\u015f-yazm\u0131\u015f z\u00fcmresini te\u015fkil ederlerdi. Yeni\u00e7eri Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 i\u00e7inde geli\u015ferek terfi edebilirler ve kumanda heyetine bile girebilirlerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Terfi sistemi son derece \u00e2dil\u00e2ne uygulan\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kmalar zamanl\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve aksakl\u0131\u011fa yer verilmez, saray i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131lan yerlere d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan hi\u00e7 kimsenin al\u0131nmamas\u0131na dikkat edilirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman zaman\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kma Kanunuyla Saray Mekteplerinden yeti\u015fen gen\u00e7lerin terfi usulleri sa\u011flam esaslara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kanunun ciddi bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131 say\u0131lan onbini bulan b\u00fct\u00fcn saray memurlar\u0131yla m\u00fcstahdemlerinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruyordu. Bu durum da bir memnuniyet ve g\u00f6reve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131yordu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4043503626\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00c7\u0131kmalar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi c\u00fclus \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 veya umumi \u00e7\u0131kma denilen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kma olup padi\u015fahlar\u0131n c\u00fcluslar\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda devlet g\u00f6revleri ve halk hizmetleri \u0130\u00e7in \u201c\u00c7\u0131kma Kanunu\u201d ile uygulanan bu sistem memlekete b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanunu en iyi takdir eden ve i\u015flettiren Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman olmu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte devletin di\u011fer nizam ve usulleri gibi \u201c\u00c7\u0131kma Kanunu\u201dda zamanla sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M\u0130N\u015eEKL\u0130\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\n<b>a) Se\u00e7kinler E\u011fitimi:\u00a0<\/b>B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130mparatorluklar, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletler geni\u015fleyen devlet \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fletecek \u201cse\u00e7kin elemanlar\u0131n\u201d yeti\u015ftirilmesini hedeflemi\u015flerdir. Bu istikametle Bat\u0131\u2019daki \u201cPrenslerin E\u011fitimi\u201dne kar\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131larda \u201cEnderun Mektebi\u201dnin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Her ikisinde de, s\u0131k\u0131 bir eleyicilik s\u00f6z konusudur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda yeti\u015fen \u201celitler\u201c ya da \u201cse\u00e7kinler\u201d, kendi ailelerine olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kaybederler.<\/p>\n<p>Saray mekteplerinden yeti\u015fenler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlukla devletin en b\u00fcy\u00fck makamlar\u0131na kadar y\u00fckseliyorlard\u0131. \u015eairler, edipler, tarih\u00e7iler, musiki ve g\u00fczel yaz\u0131 merakl\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00e2dlar\u0131 olan sanatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n hemen hepsi Saray Mektepleriyle bunlar\u0131n devam\u0131 olan Enderun\u2019dan yeti\u015fiyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Enderun-i H\u00fcm\u00e2yun kurulu\u015fundan itibaren a\u015fa\u011f\u0131-yukar\u0131 devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi ve askeri memurlar\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu memurlar\u0131n orada ald\u0131klar\u0131 terbiyenin m\u00fckemmel bulunmas\u0131, Devletin o zamanlarda e\u011fitime verdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nemi g\u00f6stermektedir. Enderun-i H\u00fcm\u00e2yunun ileri gelenlerinin hepsi Osmanl\u0131 Devletine olan sad\u00e2kat ve hamiyyetleriyle her s\u0131n\u0131fa y\u00fckselebilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-708679827\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>M. Baudler, bu mektepdeki se\u00e7kinler e\u011fitimini \u00e7ok iyi bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirdikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cT\u00fcrk Milletinin ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131na \u015fa\u015fmamak l\u00e2z\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar elit kadrolar\u0131 nas\u0131l yeti\u015ftireceklerini, gen\u00e7leri nas\u0131l disipline edeceklerini biliyorlar. Yine onlar\u0131 m\u00fckemmel insan h\u00e2line getirirken, kabiliyetlerine g\u00f6re taltif etmesini de biliyorlar.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEnderun Mektebi\u2019nde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olanlar, son derece adilane uygulanan terfi sayesinde y\u00fck-selebilirlerdi. Beylerbeyi, vezir, hatta sadrazam pek \u00e7oktur. Seviyeli bir e\u011fitim veren bu mektep, tarihden silinmi\u015ftir ama, e\u011fitim sistemi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan halen bir\u00e7ok Bat\u0131 okulunda yasamaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>b) \u0130darecilik E\u011fitimi:\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\nOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda, idare te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 ve faaliyetlerini d\u00fczenleyen kaideler Fatih Sultan Mehmed\u2019in Kanunn\u00e2meleriyle esas \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun zaman\u0131nda bir taraftan ordu \u0131slah edilmi\u015f, di\u011fer taraftan da askeri, mali ve sivil idare i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek seciyeli idareciler yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Devlet idaresi H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n mutlak kudretine dayan\u0131yordu. Ancak Fatih Kanunn\u00e2mesi bu yetkileri bir yerde engelliyordu. Fatih, Kanunn\u00e2mesiyle kendisinin ve kendinden sonra geleceklerin yetkilerini kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131yordu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4195136648\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131larda veraset usul\u00fcyle makamlar\u0131n el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine engel olunmakta, bu da yerli teb\u2019ay\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetten uzak tutarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekteydi. Bu durum T\u00fcrk idarecileri taraf\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015f bir savunma tertibat\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk Padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n Saray e\u011fitim sistemiyle yeti\u015ftirmek istedikleri idari memur, m\u00fccadeleci devlet adam\u0131 ve s\u00e2d\u0131k bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman tipindeydi. Bunlar ayn\u0131 zamanda ilim adam\u0131 ve iyi bir hatip, kibar ve iyi ahl\u00e2kl\u0131 olmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la Enderun Mektebi \u00d6\u011frencisi Saraya kabul edildi\u011fi g\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne kadar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k ile T\u00fcrk \u00f6rf ve \u00e2detlerini m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenme durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti idarecili\u011fin \u00f6nemini kavram\u0131\u015f ve ona gereken de\u011feri vermi\u015ftir. Gen\u00e7leri kabiliyetlerine g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve onlara idarede \u015fans tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Enderun Mektebinin ilk ders cetveli Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim, \u0130lm-i h\u00e2l, Tecvid, Ak\u00e2id ve amelen bilinmesi gereken dini meselelerden ibaret olmak \u00fczere tertip edilmi\u015fti. Sultan Murat II zaman\u0131nda yine tefsir, hadis, f\u0131k\u0131h, feraiz, \u015fiir ve in\u015fa, musiki, heyet, hendese, co\u011frafya, ilm-i kel\u00e2m, mant\u0131k, meani, bedi, beyan, hikmet de ilave olundu. Bu dersleri okutmak i\u00e7\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fclkelerinden de bilginler getirildi. 3. s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ilk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda (1. ko\u011fu\u015ftaki ad\u0131 Seferli\u2019dir) ta-lebelere tablzenlik, sar\u0131k sarma usul\u00fc, berberlik, ikinci s\u0131n\u0131ftakilere (kilerli) padi\u015fah\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131na mahsus yiyecek-i\u00e7ecek \u015feyleri haz\u0131rlamak, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131ftakilere de (hazineli) gene padi\u015fah\u0131n gi-yecek \u015feyleri ile saray mefru\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 tanzim etmek gibi sanatlar \u00f6\u011fretilirdi. Talebeye, bunlara il\u00e2veten keman-ke\u015flik, c\u00fcndilik, t\u00fcfekendazl\u0131k gibi silah\u015forluk fenni, ata binme de t\u00e2lim ettirilirdi. \u00dc\u00e7 ko\u011fu\u015ftaki \u015f\u00e2kirdana (talebelere) o vaktin usul\u00fcnce \u201cA\u011fa\u201d unvan\u0131yla hitap edilirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Mektep talebesine ku\u015fluk, ikindi ve yats\u0131 vakitleri olmak \u00fczere g\u00fcnde 3 defa yemek verilir, taharet ve nef\u00e2zetlerine son derece itin\u00e2 g\u00f6sterilirdi. Padi\u015fahlara hizmet edecekleri i\u00e7in mua\u015feret \u00e2dab\u0131 meselesine de \u00f6zellikle dikkat edilirdi. Yere t\u00fck\u00fcrmek, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fcrken mendilini a\u011fz\u0131na getirmemek, lekeli elbise giymek gibi \u015feyler haklar\u0131nda cezay\u0131 gerektiren durumlard\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4287038462\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Enderun Mektebi talebeleri yaz-k\u0131\u015f, ak\u015fam namazlar\u0131ndan bir saat \u00f6nce abdestlerini al\u0131rlar, g\u00fcne\u015f bat\u0131ncaya kadar Kur\u2019\u00e2n okurlard\u0131. Ak\u015fam namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yats\u0131ya kadar dinlenirler, yats\u0131 ezan\u0131 okunur okunmaz iki\u015fer iki\u015fer dizilir, H\u00fcnk\u00e2r meclisine gelirlerdi. Burada her oda kendisine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerde namaz\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra imamla birlikte kalkarlar, H\u00fcnk\u00e2ra dua ederlerdi. Sonra herkes odas\u0131na \u00e7ekilirken, ayak \u00fczeri \u201cpadi\u015fah sel\u00e2metli\u011fi i\u00e7in ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f padi-\u015fahlar ruhlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ihlas, bir fatiha\u201d okurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Sabahlar\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f do\u011fmadan \u00f6nce kalkarlar, sabah namaz\u0131na kadar Kur\u2019\u00e2n okurlar, namaz\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019dan okuyacaklar\u0131 yeni dersleri al\u0131rlard\u0131. Enderunlular bu dersleri de saraya gelen hocalardan al\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu i\u015fi bitirdikten sonra o g\u00fcn h\u00fcnk\u00e2ra ait ne vazife varsa g\u00f6r\u00fcrler ve bunlarda bitince ya yaz\u0131 me\u015fkederler, yahut ba\u015fka ilim ve marifet tahsisiyle me\u015fgul olurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu saray okullar\u0131 genellikle devleti y\u00f6neten y\u00fcksek dereceli sivil kadroyu yeti\u015ftirmekle birlikte i\u015fle e\u011fitimi kayna\u015ft\u0131ran e\u011fitim y\u00f6ntemleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidirler.<\/p>\n<p>Saray\u0131n mimar\u0131n\u0131, nakka\u015f\u0131n\u0131, ressam\u0131n\u0131, hattat\u0131n\u0131, k\u00e2tibini, imam\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcezzinini, m\u00fcverrihini, \u015fairini, \u00e2limini, silah\u015forunu, h\u00e2rendesini, sazendesini, n\u00fckted\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 Enderun yeti\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Hatta \u00e7ok defa T\u00fcrk devletinin seraskerini, kazaskerini, sadrazam\u0131n\u0131, kaptan-\u0131 deryas\u0131n\u0131, valilerini, el\u00e7ilerini Enderun verirdi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3038107940\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Enderun\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kanlar aras\u0131nda en dindar m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, en kuvvetli haf\u0131zlar, en kuvvetli m\u00fcezzinler, en hassas \u015fairler ve edipler, en cesur askerler ve kumandanlar, en mahir sanatk\u00e2rlar, mimarlar, ressamlar ve nakka\u015flar, en y\u00fcksek musi\u015finaslar ve hattatlar, en de\u011ferli \u00e2limler ve m\u00fcverrihler yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu meyanda diyebiliriz ki Enderunlular T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne, T\u00fcrk h\u00fc-k\u00fcmetine b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetler etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2104500960\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Enderun Mektebi II. Murad taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur. Saray hizmetinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak g\u00f6revlileri yeti\u015ftirmek maksad\u0131yla kurulan bu okul, e\u011fitim sistemi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kendinden \u00f6nce kurulmu\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn okullardan farkl\u0131l\u0131k arzeder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":60951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/raziye-cakr2.jpg?fit=437%2C642&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-fR4","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60950"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60950\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}