{"id":59774,"date":"2023-10-01T12:11:48","date_gmt":"2023-10-01T09:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=59774"},"modified":"2023-10-01T12:11:48","modified_gmt":"2023-10-01T09:11:48","slug":"bulgaristanli-turklerin-zorunlu-gocunun-uzerinden-33-yil-gecti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanli-turklerin-zorunlu-gocunun-uzerinden-33-yil-gecti\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristanl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinden 33 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"DilekDilek \u015eEN<\/h1>\n

Bulgaristanl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinden 33 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti: \u201cBir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere gitti\u011finde bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131yorsun\u201d<\/h1>\n

Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik sert asimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fczerinden 33 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Ancak bu g\u00f6\u00e7, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 unutulmaz bir ac\u0131. Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menleri Sefer Oral, Harun Abilo\u011flu, Reyhan \u00d6zdilek ve Sinem Arslan; g\u00f6\u00e7 ve g\u00f6\u00e7menlik hikayelerini Medyascope\u2019a anlatt\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bulgaristan\u2019da Aral\u0131k 1984 ve Kas\u0131m 1989 tarihleri aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sert asimilasyon politikas\u0131 uyguland\u0131.\u00a0\u201cYeniden Do\u011fu\u015f\u201d\u00a0<\/em>olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu politika, y\u0131llar sonra 1954\u2019ten o g\u00fcne dek \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten Todor Jivkov\u2019un\u00a0\u201ckom\u00fcnist bir diktat\u00f6r\u201d\u00a0<\/em>olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenlerinden biri olacakt\u0131. Ve s\u00fcre\u00e7, T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zorla yerinden edilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

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O y\u0131llarda, T\u00fcrklerin adlar\u0131n\u0131n Bulgar adlar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131na, kitaplar\u0131n toplat\u0131lmas\u0131na, radyolar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerin yasaklanmas\u0131na ve hatta kimi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ailelerinden al\u0131narak yat\u0131l\u0131 okullara yollanmas\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok insanl\u0131k su\u00e7u i\u015flendi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar da a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Namaz k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131, s\u00fcnnet olunmas\u0131, oru\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131. Kimi camiler y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan duyulacak \u015fekilde ezan okunmas\u0131 engellenmi\u015fti. \u0130sim de\u011fi\u015ftirme karar\u0131ndan mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 bile nasibini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Cenazelerin \u0130slami usullere g\u00f6re g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi de yasaklar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cNiye ad\u0131m\u0131 Angel yap\u0131yorsun?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinden, emekli \u00f6\u011fretmen Harun Abilo\u011flu, o g\u00fcnleri hat\u0131rlat\u0131rken\u00a0\u201cNiye sen benim ad\u0131m\u0131 Ahmet\u2019ten Angel yap\u0131yorsun? Sen kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 Angel\u2019den Ivan\u2019a koysan yine raz\u0131 gelmezsin. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc senin annen baban vermi\u015f, budur senin ismin!\u201d\u00a0<\/em>diyor.<\/p>\n

Yasaklara uymay\u0131 reddedenler, toplama kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderiliyordu. Todor Jivkov, May\u0131s 1989\u2019da yasaklara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen g\u00f6sterilerde \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6lmesi \u00fczerine, isteyen T\u00fcrklerin Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 terk edebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyip T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Takvimler 29 May\u0131s 1989\u2019u g\u00f6steriyordu. 360 bin ki\u015fi i\u00e7in\u00a0\u201cAlabilece\u011fin kadar e\u015fya al ve Bulgaristan\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u201d\u00a0<\/em>g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n da i\u00e7 siyasette bir propaganda arac\u0131 olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu g\u00f6\u00e7, tarihe \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Avrupa\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi olarak ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

E\u015fikte bir ya\u015fam: Vatan m\u0131, anavatan m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jivkov y\u00f6netimince, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Bulgarlar olduklar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla ve\u00a0\u201c500 y\u0131ll\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Devleti esareti sona erdi\u201d\u00a0<\/em>denilerek sert asimilasyona tabi tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan T\u00fcrkler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldiklerinde de \u00e7e\u015fitli ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131klara u\u011frad\u0131lar. Kendilerine \u201cBulgar T\u00fcrk\u00fc\u201d de\u011fil \u201cBulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fc\u201d denilmesi\u00a0<\/strong>gerekti\u011fini belirten bu g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin dinleri, dilleri ve gelenekleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de sorguland\u0131. Y\u0131llarca\u00a0\u201cNece konu\u015fuyorsunuz? Oradaki ad\u0131n\u0131z neydi? M\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d\u00a0<\/em>gibi sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlad\u0131lar. Kad\u0131nlar g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda cinsiyet\u00e7i s\u00f6ylemlere maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bir yandan da hayatta kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201csoyda\u015f\u201d diye an\u0131lan, g\u00f6\u00e7 literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde de \u201cmakbul\u201d ifadesiyle tan\u0131mlanan Bulgaristanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler, ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca aral\u0131klarla terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 vatanlar\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131yla ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131yla ya\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0\u201cAnavatan\u201d\u00a0<\/em>bildikleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya da yerle\u015ftikleri ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde e\u015fikte bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Belene Kamp\u0131\u2019nda yakla\u015ft\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u0131l tutulan emekli \u00f6\u011fretmen Sefer Oral, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi bir\u00a0\u201ckurtulu\u015f\u201d\u00a0<\/em>olarak niteliyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cOrada T\u00fcrkleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemek vard\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m k\u00f6ylerde T\u00fcrkler yaln\u0131z t\u00fct\u00fcn, hayvan, t\u00fct\u00fcn, hayvan\u2026 Ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yoktu. Gelecek yoktu. Ondan sonra askere gidersin, askerde i\u015f\u00e7isin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor seni, in\u015faatta \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsun iki sene. Ba\u015fka bir \u015feyin yok. Ben buraya geldikten sonra, bereket versin, k\u0131z\u0131m\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a yollad\u0131k, orada okudu, turizm okudu \u0130ngilizce olarak, sonra buraya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. O\u011flumu konservatuvara koydum daha geldi\u011fimde, 11-12 sene okudu, m\u00fczisyen oldu. Memnunum hayat\u0131mdan. Vatan ba\u015fka!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cG\u00f6\u00e7 hikayelerinden yoruldum\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eimdilerde\u00a0i\u015fsizlik ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 sorunuyla<\/a>\u00a0ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u00a0 Bulgaristan\u2019da hi\u00e7bir \u015fey 1989\u2019dan sonra\u00a0\u201ceskisi gibi\u201d\u00a0<\/em>olmad\u0131. Bulgaristan Parlamentosu, 11 Ocak 2012\u2019de asimilasyonu tan\u0131y\u0131p bir \u00f6z\u00fcr deklarasyonu oylamaya sundu. 115 milletvekilinden 112\u2019sinin evet oyu verdi\u011fi metinde, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lanlar\u00a0\u201cT\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 etnik temizlik\u201d\u00a0<\/em>olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. Ancak bu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 unutulmaz bir ac\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn an\u0131lar\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ku\u015faklar i\u00e7in de bir travma.<\/p>\n

Oyuncu Reyhan \u00d6zdilek ile Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi doktora \u00f6\u011frencisi Sinem Arslan,\u00a0g\u00f6\u00e7 hikayeleriyle\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden. \u0130kisi de gen\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7menlere s\u0131kl\u0131kla sorulan\u00a0\u201cNeden T\u00fcrkiye kalmaya devam ediyorsun?\u201d\u00a0<\/em>sorusuna benzer yan\u0131tlar veriyor.\u00a0Arslan,\u00a0\u201cBen ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok korkuyordum. Herkesi geride b\u0131rakmak\u2026 Farkl\u0131 bir \u00fclkeye gitmek\u2026 D\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda \u00e7ok yoruldum g\u00f6\u00e7 hik\u00e2yelerinden. G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn travmalar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok yoruldum. Ben birebir evet bunu ya\u015famad\u0131m, deneyimlemedim ama ben bu deneyimlerle b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcm. Bunun ac\u0131lar\u0131yla birebir ba\u015f ba\u015fa kald\u0131m\u201d\u00a0<\/em>diyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zdilek ise \u015funlar\u0131 anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cBen yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famak isteseydim b\u00f6yle bir imk\u00e2n\u0131 kendime zaten yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Yani y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131m\u0131 Fransa\u2019da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ama ben ba\u015fka bir yerde ya\u015famay\u0131 istemedim. Her bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere gitti\u011finde bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131yorsun. Zaten azalarak devam eden bir yol gibi daha azalmak istemedim.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6rt g\u00f6\u00e7menin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelen yeni g\u00f6\u00e7lere ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ise birbirinden farkl\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc bizzat ya\u015fayan Oral ve Abilo\u011flu, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyor. G\u00f6\u00e7 alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Arslan ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00f6\u00e7 ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131k mevzuat\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye, \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7men\u201d olarak sadece T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrk soyuna yak\u0131n gruplar\u0131 kabul ediyor. Bu nedenle Balkan g\u00f6\u00e7menleri literat\u00fcrde \u201cmakbul\u201d g\u00f6\u00e7men ya da vatanda\u015f olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Arslan, Bat\u0131\u2019dan gelen e\u011fitimli T\u00fcrklerin kabul g\u00f6rmesini buna ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Tiyatro oyuncusu Reyhan \u00d6zdilek de ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca g\u00f6\u00e7 hikayeleri dinledi\u011fini ve son d\u00f6nemde y\u00fckselen yabanc\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kendisini hem \u00f6fkelendirdi\u011fini hem de \u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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