{"id":58601,"date":"2023-01-11T19:33:31","date_gmt":"2023-01-11T16:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=58601"},"modified":"2023-02-23T22:40:40","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T19:40:40","slug":"bulgaristanda-turk-tarihi-pomaklar-ve-yasanan-gocler-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanda-turk-tarihi-pomaklar-ve-yasanan-gocler-2\/","title":{"rendered":"BULGAR\u0130STAN\u2019DA T\u00dcRK TAR\u0130H\u0130 POMAKLAR VE YA\u015eANAN G\u00d6\u00c7LER"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>\u00d6zet<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcrkler Balkanlara Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinde ve Anadolu\u2019dan olmak \u00fczere iki \u015fekilde gelmi\u015flerdir. II. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden gelen T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar Balkanlara h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrseler de zamanla H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimseyerek Slavla\u015farak asimile olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Anadolu \u00fczerinden gelen T\u00fcrkler ise \u0130slam unsurunu da beraberlerinde getirmi\u015flerdir. Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin b\u00f6lgeye hakimiyeti ile 500 y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre yeniden T\u00fcrk hakimiyetine ge\u00e7en Balkanlarda baz\u0131 yerli halkla birlikte Kuman T\u00fcrkleri de \u0130slamiyeti se\u00e7erek yeni gelen T\u00fcrkler ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrklerin yenilgisi ile ba\u015flayan geri \u00e7ekilme ile birlikte bu b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7leri ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonu\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 edememi\u015f olanlar\u0131 ise bask\u0131, \u015fiddet, asimilasyona maruz kalma durumu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fta Bulgaristan\u2019da kalan T\u00fcrkler olmak \u00fczere Balkan devletlerinde bulunan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfus ile k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rarak ili\u015fkilerine devam etmelidir. Bir\u00e7ok defa \u00e7e\u015fitli antla\u015fma ve yasalarla g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan ama uygulamada s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fanan hu\u015fular\u0131n giderilmesi ve asimilasyona maruz kalmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara h\u0131z kesmeden devam etmelidir.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-614013591\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"aswift_1_host\" tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Advertisement\" aria-label=\"Advertisement\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><em>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0Balkanlar, Bulgaristan, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Pomak T\u00fcrkleri, G\u00f6\u00e7.<\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-4238103441\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Balkanlar\u2019da ve Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6k itibariyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olan \u201cBalkan\u201d kelimesi Bat\u0131l\u0131 yazarlar\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmi\u015f olacak ki, son zamanlarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e k\u00f6kenli bir kelime yerine \u201cG\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlamaya gayret ettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc geri planda T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman imaj\u0131ndan rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duyduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zira Avrupal\u0131lar bile XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar bu b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in \u201cAvrupa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019si\u201d veya \u201cAvrupa\u2019daki T\u00fcrkiye\u201d tabirini kullanmaktayd\u0131lar (\u015eaybak, 2006: 50-52). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6lgede yo\u011fun bir T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlara ilk gelmeleri Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi ile de\u011fil \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceden Hazar ve Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. T\u00fcrklerin Bat\u0131 Kolu olan \u0130skitlerin II. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Orta Asya\u2019dan ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 ilk g\u00f6\u00e7lerini Hun T\u00fcrkleri IV. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Avar T\u00fcrkleri V. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Pe\u00e7enek T\u00fcrkleri IX. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve Kuman (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) T\u00fcrkleri XI. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda devam ettirdiler (Atun, 2009; Toks\u00f6z, 2011). Ayr\u0131ca ilk gelen bu T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Bulgar, O\u011fuz ve Ogur (Utrugur) T\u00fcrklerinin de bulunduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Fakat bu T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu zamanla H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimseyerek Turan ve Ural b\u00f6lgelerine ait dillerini terk ederek Slavla\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve benliklerini kaybederek asimile oldular (\u015eaybak, 2006, 58; Nuri, 2013). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bat\u0131\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden bu T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan sonra b\u00f6lgeye yo\u011fun bir Slav g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Div\u00e2nu L\u00fcgati\u2019t T\u00fcrk\u2019te \u201cRum yak\u0131n\u0131nda oturan T\u00fcrklerden bir b\u00f6l\u00fck\u201d \u015feklinde tasvir edilen Pe\u00e7enek T\u00fcrkleri Bizans ile ili\u015fkileri neticesinde 1071 Malazgirt Meydan Muharebesinde Bizans ordusu i\u00e7erisinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat sava\u015f\u0131n devam\u0131 esnas\u0131nda sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015filerin T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlamalar\u0131 ile saf de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri, B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devletinin yani Sultan Alparslan\u2019\u0131n zafer kazanmas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015ftur (Nuri, 2013).<\/p>\n<p>1091 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Kuman-Pe\u00e7enek T\u00fcrk Federasyonunun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Trakya ve Rodoplar, Makedonya ile Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerinde kalan ve Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin 20 A\u011fustos 1389 tarihinde I. Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131 ile bu b\u00f6lgeyi fethetmesine kadar \u015eaman dinine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ya\u015fayan Kumanlar, fetihten sonra kendi istekleri ile g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u0130slam Dinine ge\u00e7tiler (Toks\u00f6z, 2011).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3332647285\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlara Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden ge\u00e7i\u015finden sonra Anadolu \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7i\u015fleri baz\u0131 kaynaklarda \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir;<\/p>\n<p>Birincisi 1065 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konya b\u00f6lgesin gelerek yerle\u015fen 55-60 Bin civar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Y\u00fcr\u00fck-T\u00fcrkmen n\u00fcfusu Dedea\u011fa\u00e7, Kavala ve Selanik \u00fczerinden deniz yolu ile Bat\u0131 Trakya, Rodoplar ve Makedonya b\u00f6lgelerine Bizans y\u00f6neticileri taraf\u0131ndan yerle\u015ftirilerek iskan edilmi\u015flerdir (Nevrezova, 2006: 28). \u0130kincisi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden 11 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Umur Bey taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 1341\u2019de Bizans \u0130mparatoru III. Andranikus\u2019un \u00f6lmesi \u00fczerine ya\u015fanan taht m\u00fccadelesinde Kantakuzen\u2019e yard\u0131m i\u00e7in Umur Bey donanma ile Rumeli\u2019ye ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir (Toks\u00f6z, 2011). \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 Orhan Gazi\u2019nin o\u011flu \u015eehzade S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa 1352 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131na ge\u00e7erek bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Tekirda\u011f b\u00f6lgesini fethetmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orhan Gazi\u2019den sonra tahta ge\u00e7en Sultan I. Murad d\u00f6nemi ile birlikte d\u00fczenli ordularla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen fetih hareketi ile 1361\u2019de Edirne, 1362\u2019de Filibe, 1364\u2019de Stara Zagora (Za\u011fra) ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonraki Padi\u015fah Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid ise 1395\u2019de Bulgarlar\u0131n o zamanki ba\u015fkenti T\u0131rnova\u2019y\u0131 fethetmesi ile Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n tamamen Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fine d\u00e2hil olmas\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 adalet ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc d\u00f6nemi de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f (Konukman, 1990: 20), b\u00f6lge tamamen Osmanl\u0131 denetimine ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve 559 y\u0131l adalet ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ile y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir (Atun, 2009). Bu kadar uzun bir s\u00fcre b\u00f6lgeye h\u00e2kim olan T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam unsurunun b\u00f6lgedeki H\u0131ristiyan ve Yahudi halklar\u0131n\u0131 da zamanla etkilemi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait \u00f6nemli eserlerin in\u015fa edilmesi H\u0131ristiyan halk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de etkilemi\u015ftir. Camiler ve medreselerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra imara da \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f, yollar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, hastaneler, han, hamam, kapl\u0131ca, \u0131l\u0131ca, kervansaray, saat kuleleri, imaret, t\u00fcrbe, \u00e7e\u015fme, bedesten, k\u00fct\u00fcphane gibi 15.787 adet mimari eser Balkanlara in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n sadece dini eserler in\u015fa etmemesi b\u00f6lgede asimilasyon amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fctmedi\u011finin bariz bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Fakat bu kadar eserin \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131 orijinal halde kalabilmi\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin silinmesi ad\u0131na yok edilmi\u015ftir (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin; halk\u0131n dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, mal\u0131n\u0131 ve can\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, hakim oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde imar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermesi, devlet dahilindeki halklar\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7erisinde hayat s\u00fcrmelerine imkan tan\u0131mas\u0131 ile Balkanlarda son y\u0131llar\u0131 hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere neredeyse sava\u015fs\u0131z bir d\u00f6nem ge\u00e7irmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat milliyet\u00e7ilik fikirleri ile hareket eden halklar\u0131n faaliyetleri ile XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00f6lgeye huzursuzluk ve karga\u015fa hakim olmu\u015ftur (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Balkan tarihi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren zirveye ula\u015fmas\u0131nda; Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlar\u0131 fethetme s\u00fcreci ile birlikte Anadolu\u2019dan T\u00fcrkleri bu b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirmesi \u015feklinde ba\u015flayan iskan politikas\u0131 etkili olmu\u015f (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008) ve kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3431136570\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan Rumeli ad\u0131 verilen Balkanlara fetihlerle birlikte n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131nda denge olu\u015fturabilmek amac\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019dan kitleler halinde getirilen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler ile k\u0131sa zamanda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu artm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle de Bulgaristan\u2019da % 70-80\u2019lere varan oran ile \u00e7o\u011funluk hale gelmi\u015ftir (Maral, 2010: 1). 1633, 1639, 1641 ve 1696 cizye defterleri kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6ylerde Hristiyan n\u00fcfusa rastlanm\u0131\u015f olsa da bir\u00e7o\u011funda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun %89\u2019lara kadar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Koyuncu, 2013).<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi fetih hareketleri devam ederken bir taraftan Katolpak, di\u011fer taraftan Rum kiliselerinin bask\u0131lar\u0131na dayanamayan Protestan Bosna Hersek Basle (Basel) Konsili bir kurtulu\u015f \u00e7aresi olarak 1410 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkleri \u00fclkesine davet etmi\u015f, Rum Ortodokslu\u011funa \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir (Nuri, 2013).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlara fetih hareketlerinde daha \u00f6nceki Karadeniz \u00fczerinden gelmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131 ve faydal\u0131 olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Toks\u00f6z, 2011). Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda XI. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve XIV. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130slamiyet\u2019e girmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan Kuman (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) T\u00fcrklerine bu yard\u0131mlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Slav dilinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cpomaga\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131 verilmi\u015f ve bu tarihten itibaren de \u201cPomak T\u00fcrkleri\u201d denilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nevrezova, 2006: 9). Pomaklar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak \u0130slamiyeti benimsemeleri ve zamanla \u0130slam dinine ge\u00e7meleri XVIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na kadar devam etmi\u015ftir (Koyuncu, 2013).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin fetihleri ile birlikte b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilen T\u00fcrklerin etkisi ile Balkanlar\u0131n yerli halklar\u0131ndan \u0130slamiyet\u2019e ge\u00e7memi\u015f olanlar ise kendi din ve dillerini korusalar da T\u00fcrk usul\u00fc hayat tarz\u0131ndan etkilenerek benimsemi\u015fler, zamanla gelenek-g\u00f6renekleri ve sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikleri T\u00fcrk tarz\u0131na do\u011fru evrilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlardan \u00e7ekilmesi ile Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc etkili hale gelmi\u015ftir (Tikici ve di\u011f., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>B\u00fct\u00fcn Balkan devletlerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak ya\u015fayan Pomaklar\u0131 bu devletlerin hemen hepsi sahiplenmekte ve etnik k\u00f6kenlerinin tam olarak bilinmedi\u011fi iddia edilirken genel olarak Slav k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmektedir (Oran, 1993). Pomaklar\u0131n etnik k\u00f6kenlerine y\u00f6nelik iddialar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli ve ihtilafl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni siyasidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iddia ve tezler ilm\u00ee de\u011fildir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Balkanlardan \u00e7ekilmesi ile birlikte her etnik grup kendine g\u00f6re bir s\u00f6ylem geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir (Koyuncu, 2013). Makedonya\u2019da yasayan Pomaklara \u201cTorbe\u015f\u201d, Kosovo ve Arnavutluk\u2019takilerine \u201cGoran\u201d denilirken (Nevrezova, 2006: 9), S\u0131rbistan\u2019da ise daha \u00e7ok Gora B\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cGoral\u0131 S\u0131rp k\u00f6kenli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d olarak nitelenmektedirler. T\u00fcrk kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re ise Pomaklar\u0131n k\u00f6keni Kuman (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) veya Pe\u00e7eneklere dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (T\u00fcrbedar, t.y.).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2443591739\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Pomaklar\u0131n T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131na dair tezler Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek sesle dile getirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hususta Galip Bahtiyar\u2019\u0131n 1928 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda Pomaklar\u0131n Slavlardan \u00f6nce Balkanlara gelen T\u00fcrk kavimleri olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen zamanla Slavlar i\u00e7erisinde asimile olduklar\u0131n\u0131 fakat \u0130slamiyeti kabulleri ile birlikte T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe tam bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7erisinde olduklar\u0131 belirtilmektedir (Koyuncu, 2013).<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019da Pomaklar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenlerinin ne oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fi, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u201cBulgaristan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131\u201d olarak kendini tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de kendisini T\u00fcrk olarak ifade etmekte (Oran, 1993) olduklar\u0131 tezi olmu\u015f olsa da genel olarak kendilerini T\u00fcrk kabul etmekte ve o \u015fekilde kendilerini ifade etmektedirler. \u00d6nemli olan ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanmalar\u0131ndan ziyade, kendilerinin nas\u0131l kabul ettikleridir (Ulut\u00fcrk, 2004).<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar y\u00f6neticilerinin Pomak T\u00fcrklerini \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Bulgarlar\u201d olarak d\u00fcnyaya takdimleri tamamen yalan ve mesnetsizdir (\u00d6zlem, 2009). Bulgar tarih\u00e7ilerine g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk h\u00e2kimiyetinin etkisi ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Slav Bulgarlar\u0131\u2019na Pomak deniliyor olsa da \u0130slamiyet\u2019in bu co\u011frafyaya Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerinden y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7makta ya da kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmezden gelinmektedir (Nevrezova, 2006: 28).<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti idaresi alt\u0131nda bulunan tebaan\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc Tanzimat Ferman\u0131\u2019na kadar etnik kimli\u011fe g\u00f6re de\u011fil, din\u00ee mensubiyetlerine g\u00f6re dizayn etmi\u015ftir. Fakat Osmanl\u0131 politikalar\u0131 asimile \u00fczerine bina edilmemi\u015f, gayri M\u00fcslimleri \u0130slam\u2019a, T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme gayreti i\u00e7erisinde olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti fethetti\u011fi H\u0131ristiyan \u00fclkelerin toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na, dini inan\u00e7 ve rit\u00fcelleri ile genel y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine m\u00fcdahale etmemi\u015ftir (T\u00fcrbedar, t.y.).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1285429265\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk Katliamlar\u0131 ve Asimilasyon Hareketleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1787 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayarak 1789 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fan Frans\u0131z ihtilalinin milliyet\u00e7ilik fikirlerinin etkisiyle birlikte Ruslar\u0131n Pan-Slavist politikalar\u0131 ile Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin de te\u015fvikleri sonucu 1841 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Bulgarlar\u0131n isyan hareketleri Balkanlar\u0131n huzurlu ortam\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015ftur. 1841\u2019de Ni\u015f\u2019de ba\u015flayan isyanlar 1850\u2019de Vidin\u2019de, 1856\u2019da T\u0131rnova\u2019da devam etmi\u015ftir. Her isyanda T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk katledilmi\u015ftir (Maral, 2010: 2; Orhan, 2008: 4; Nevrezova, 2006: 9).<\/p>\n<p>XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkler ile bir arada ya\u015fayan Bulgarlar, kendi dillerinde e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerken, Osmanl\u0131 kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n paralelinde kendi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da olu\u015fturabilmi\u015flerdir. Hatta daha iyi e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmek isteyen Bulgar gen\u00e7leri \u0130stanbul veya Rusya\u2019ya da gidebiliyorlard\u0131 (Maral, 2010: 2). 1820 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da \u201cBirle\u015fik Slavlar Cemiyeti\u201d kurularak; Slav kabul edilen \u00c7ekoslovaklar, Polonyal\u0131lar, Bulgarlar, S\u0131rplar, H\u0131rvatlar, Slovenler ve Karada\u011fl\u0131lar Rusya taraf\u0131ndan Rus bayra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Konukman, 1990: 22).<\/p>\n<p>1876 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Bulgaristan Prensli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda 1.120.000 T\u00fcrk, 1.130.000 Bulgar ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Tar\u0131m arazilerinin de %70\u2019i T\u00fcrklerin elindeydi. Fakat 93 Harbi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin kaybetmesiyle ya\u015fanan felaket ile Bulgarlar \u00c7atalca\u2019ya kadar gelmi\u015f ve 3 Mart 1878 Ayestefanos (Ye\u015filk\u00f6y) Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Bulgar Prensli\u011fi kurulurken, S\u0131rbistan, Romanya ve Karada\u011f Osmanl\u0131 Devletinden ayr\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ettiler (Nevrezova, 2006: 10-11). Dini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 1870\u2019de Bulgar Eksarhl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanda-turk-tarihi-pomaklar-ve-yasanan-gocler\/#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">*<\/a>\u00a0kurulmas\u0131 ile elde eden Bulgarlar, bu sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda siyasi \u00f6zerkli\u011fi de elde etmi\u015f oldular (Koyuncu, 2013). Bu sava\u015f ile ilk kez g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan 1.500.000 T\u00fcrk, Bulgarlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ile g\u00f6\u00e7 ederken, bu insanlar\u0131n 450.000\u2019i Bulgar \u00e7etelerinin katliamlar\u0131, a\u00e7l\u0131k, so\u011fuk ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ile feci bir \u015fekilde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015flerdir (\u00d6zlem, 2009). Bu sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu Bulgaristan\u2019da ilk defa az\u0131nl\u0131k durumuna d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu, 2014: 21).<\/p>\n<p>5 Ekim 1908\u2019de \u00d6zerk Bulgaristan Prensli\u011fi\u2019nin ilan etti\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti 19 Nisan 1909 da tan\u0131d\u0131 ve Bulgaristan ile bir protokol imzalayarak T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fun din ve mezhep \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile medeni ve siyasi haklar\u0131n\u0131n Bulgar halk\u0131 ile e\u015fit hak sahibi oldu\u011fu az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131 olarak teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Fakat Bulgarlar\u0131n emperyalist bask\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131z kesmeden devam etmi\u015ftir (Nevrezova, 2006: 11).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3643797906\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1912-1913 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan I. ve II. Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Bulgaristan aras\u0131nda imzalanan 29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913 tarihli \u201cDostluk ve \u0130yi Kom\u015fuluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131 yine garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olsa da zul\u00fcm ve bask\u0131lar devam etmi\u015f, 200 bin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek mecburiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Maral, 2010: 5-7). Bu d\u00f6nemde Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalan Rumlar ve Museviler de mezalime u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Orhan, 2008: 65).<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda ayn\u0131 blok i\u00e7erisinde sava\u015fa d\u00e2hil olan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Bulgaristan sava\u015ftan yenik olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar ve Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n 27 Kas\u0131m 1919\u2019da M\u00fcttefik Devletlerle yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Neuilly Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131 bir kez daha koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler ile ayn\u0131 tarafta sava\u015fman\u0131n da verdi\u011fi atmosfer ile 1923 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar iktidarda kalan Bulgaristan \u00c7ift\u00e7i Partisi d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkler biraz olsun rahat ettiler (Nevrezova, 2006: 12; Maral, 2010: 7).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6nem kesin rakamlarla belli olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun az g\u00f6sterilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle gayret edilmesi nedeniyle rakamlar genel olarak tahmini olarak ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede elde edilen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun y\u0131llara g\u00f6re durumu \u015fu \u015fekildedir (Konukman, 1990: 39-40);<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk N\u00fcfusunun Y\u0131llara G\u00f6re Durumu<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\"><strong>Y\u0131llar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"139\"><strong>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk N\u00fcfus<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"139\"><strong>Y\u0131llar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"139\"><strong>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk N\u00fcfus<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1887<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">602.331<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1910<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">602.078<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1892<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">569.728<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1920<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">690.734<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1900<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">539.656<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1934<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">821.235<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1905<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">505.439<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1946<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">938.418<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(Konukman, 1990: 39-40).<\/p>\n<p>Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminden \u00f6nce Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u0131llara g\u00f6re say\u0131s\u0131 ise \u015fu \u015fekildedir (Konukman, 1990: 42);<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3885437288\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-210214557\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"aswift_7_host\" tabindex=\"0\" title=\"Advertisement\" aria-label=\"Advertisement\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\"><strong>Y\u0131llar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"139\"><strong>Say\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"139\"><strong>Y\u0131llar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"139\"><strong>Say\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1878<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1.000.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1898<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">6.640<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1880<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">200.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1899<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">7.354<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1893<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">11.460<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1900<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">7.417<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1894<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">8.837<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1901<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">9.339<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1895<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">5.095<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1902<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">9.714<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1896<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1.946<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1913<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">440.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">1897<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">2.801<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">TOPLAM<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1.710.603<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tabloda yer alan 1878, 1880 ve 1913 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait veriler tahmini, di\u011ferleri ise Bulgar istatistiklerine g\u00f6re elde edilmi\u015ftir (Konukman, 1990: 42).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131k Haklar\u0131n\u0131 Garanti Alt\u0131na Alan Baz\u0131 Antla\u015fmalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>-13 Temmuz 1878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131;<\/strong>\u00a0Bulgaristan\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerin hak ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 korunacak, g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f veya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa dahi T\u00fcrklerin m\u00fclkleri korunacak ve devlet taraf\u0131ndan el konulmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>-19 Nisan 1909 \u0130stanbul Protokol\u00fc ve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi;<\/strong>\u00a0Bulgaristan\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahali dini hak ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri ile hukuki ve siyasi haklardan faydalanabilecekler, okullar\u0131n\u0131, camilerini ve mescitlerini koruyup ya\u015fatma hakk\u0131na sahip olacaklard\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3596603566\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>-29 Eyl\u00fcl 1913 T\u00fcrkiye [Osmanl\u0131 Devleti]\u2013<\/strong><strong>Bulgaristan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve M\u00fcft\u00fclerle \u0130lgili S\u00f6zle\u015fme;<\/strong> Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler, Bulgar vatanda\u015f\u0131 say\u0131lacaklar fakat d\u00f6rt y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde istedikleri zaman Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 terk ederek T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tercih ile ta\u015f\u0131nabilecekler, mallar\u0131n\u0131 satmak veya g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek haklar\u0131na sahip olacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>-27 Kas\u0131m 1919 Neuilly Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131;<\/strong>\u00a0Bulgaristan\u2019daki az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n garanti al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131lacak olan anayasan\u0131n, kanunlar\u0131n ve resmi kararlar\u0131n bu kanun hilaf\u0131na olamayaca\u011f\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>-18 Ekim 1925 Ankara T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131;\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130ki h\u00fck\u00fcmet az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak, Neuilly Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcnden Bulgaristan\u2019da oturan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Az\u0131nl\u0131klar ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de oturan Bulgar Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n yararland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak y\u00fck\u00fcmlenilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>-25 Haziran 1945 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) Antla\u015fmas\u0131;<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, milletleraras\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14 Aral\u0131k 1955\u2019te BM Te\u015fkilat\u0131na \u00fcye olan Bulgaristan, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek, az\u0131nl\u0131klarla ilgili \u015fartlar\u0131 da yerine getirmeyi kabul etmi\u015ftir (Vatansever, 2011: 40-141).<\/p>\n<p><strong>-1998 T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan Aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan Emekli Ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00d6denmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Anla\u015fma<\/strong>\u00a0(\u00d6zlem, t.y.: 1).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3155840792\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu antla\u015fmalarla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk Halk\u0131n\u0131n her ne kadar hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olsa da Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n taahh\u00fctleri sadece k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalm\u0131\u015f, en ba\u015fta canlar\u0131 ve mallar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bask\u0131lar eksilmeden sistemli bir \u015fekilde devam etmi\u015ftir (Vatansever, 2011: 141).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde Ya\u015fanan G\u00f6\u00e7ler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na alan Neuilly Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin e\u011fitimini olumlu etkilemi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrk \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u015eumnu\u2019da M\u00fcft\u00fc vekili yeti\u015ftiren Medrese-i N\u00fcbvvab Okulu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00d6\u011fretmenler Kongresi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve Bulgaristan Muallimin-i \u0130slamiye Cemiyeti kurulmu\u015ftur. 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Milli E\u011fitim Yasas\u0131 ile Bulgarca zorunlu e\u011fitimin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrk okulu say\u0131s\u0131 1.712\u2019ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nevrezova, 2006: 13).<\/p>\n<p>1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u0130kamet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi her ne kadar olumlu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclse de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131, zul\u00fcm ve eziyetler devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu durum yeni g\u00f6\u00e7lerin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kamet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi gere\u011fi Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 ile isteyenler; mallar\u0131n\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 satarak, tasfiye ederek, bedellerinin yanlar\u0131nda getirerek, isteyen ta\u015f\u0131nabilir mallar\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131nda getirerek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. 1923-1939 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 198.688 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerin y\u0131llara g\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yledir (Konukman, 1990: 42; Vatansever, 2008: 68);<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3877526844\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1923-1939 D\u00f6nemi Y\u0131ll\u0131k G\u00f6\u00e7men Durumu<\/p>\n<table width=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\"><strong>YILLAR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"279\"><strong>G\u00d6\u00c7MEN SAYISI<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1923-1933<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">101.507<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1934<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">8.682<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1935<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">24.968<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1936<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">11.730<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1937<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">13.490<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1938<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">20.542<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1939<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">17.769<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1923-1939 TOPLAMI<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">198.688<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(Konukman, 1990: 42)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda da g\u00f6\u00e7lerin devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 ile gelenlerin say\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f olsa da y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalaman\u0131n 2.100 ki\u015fiyi bulan bu geli\u015fler ekseri ka\u00e7ak ve pasaportsuz olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1939-1949 d\u00f6neminde 21.353 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelebilmi\u015ftir (Konukman, 1990: 42; Vatansever, 2008: 68-69).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>1939-1949 D\u00f6nemi Y\u0131ll\u0131k G\u00f6\u00e7men Durumu:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\"><strong>YILLAR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"279\"><strong>G\u00d6\u00c7MEN SAYISI<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1940<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">6.960<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1941<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">3.803<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1942<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">2.672<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1943<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">1.145<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1944<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">489<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1945<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1946<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">706<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1947<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">1.763<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1948<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">1.514<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1949<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">1.670<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1940-1949 TOPLAMI<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">21.353<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(Konukman, 1990: 42;)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Almanya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa d\u00e2hil olan Bulgaristan sava\u015ftan Almanya ile birlikte yenik olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve 5 Eyl\u00fcl 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyet K\u0131z\u0131l Ordusu Bulgaristan\u2019a hakim oldu. Sovyetler kendilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir Halk Cumhuriyeti kurarak kendi sistemini kurmu\u015ftur. Ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler Sovyetlerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n asimile edilmesini hedefledi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nevrezova, 2006: 16). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bulgar Kom\u00fcnist Ba\u015fbakan Georgi Dimitrov \u201c<em>Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun Balkanlar\u2019da egemen oldu\u011fu ni\u015fanelerin silinece\u011fi\u201d\u00a0<\/em>\u015feklinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama sonras\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrklere maddi ve manevi bask\u0131lar artt\u0131r\u0131larak, gerek\u00e7esiz tutuklamalar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Konukman, 1990: 43).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bask\u0131lara dayanamayan T\u00fcrklerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaatta bulunmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda NATO\u2019ya girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ekonomik ve siyasi olarak zora sokmak isteyen Bulgaristan, 1925 tarihli \u0130kamet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda, 12 A\u011fustos 1950 de 250 bin T\u00fcrk\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7men stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde al\u0131narak, \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7erisinde kabul\u00fcn\u00fc isteyen bir nota verdi (Nevrezova, 2006: 27-28). Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n bu hareketinin bir di\u011fer sebebi de b\u00fcnyesinde eritemedi\u011fi T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131ktan kurtulmak istemesidir (Bayraktar, 2007: 84). Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n anla\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131na riayet etmemesi nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kapatmas\u0131na kadar yani 1950-1951 aras\u0131 154 bin T\u00fcrk tehcir edilircesine Bulgaristan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir (\u00dcst\u00fcnda\u011fl\u0131, 2009: 108).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2407804633\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-55-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ya\u015fanan bu g\u00f6\u00e7 o tarihe kadar Bulgaristan\u2019dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en yo\u011fun olan\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat ilgili s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nabilir mal, hayvan ve paralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartmalar\u0131na izin verilmemi\u015f ve 1925 tarihli antla\u015fmay\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan T\u00fcrkiye ile 2 Aral\u0131k 1950\u2019de, 1951 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar i\u015fleyen yeni bir g\u00f6\u00e7 anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menler aras\u0131na Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n casus ve \u00c7ingeneleri de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sokmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit eden T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kapatm\u0131\u015f ve yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile 126 Bulgar casusu ve \u00c7ingeneler Bulgaristan\u2019a iade edilmi\u015ftir (Konukman, 1990: 43).<\/p>\n<p>1 Aral\u0131k 1956\u2019da Bulgaristan\u2019da yap\u0131lan n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda Bulgar y\u00f6netimi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu az g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in Pomaklar\u0131 Bulgar olarak saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Pirin B\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Makedonlara da yeni kimlik \u00e7\u0131kartarak bunlar\u0131 da Bulgar olarak g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu say\u0131m sonucuna g\u00f6re; 656.025 T\u00fcrk, 197.865 \u00c7ingene, 5.993 Tatar oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pomaklar\u0131n Bulgar olarak g\u00f6sterilmesi ilk kez bu tarihte olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1912, 1942, 1962 ve 1971 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da Bulgar ismi almaya zorland\u0131lar fakat 1913, 1945, 1964 ve 1990 y\u0131llar\u0131nda tekrar tekrar neredeyse istisnas\u0131z olarak eski M\u00fcsl\u00fcman isimlerini geri almay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flar ve zorla H\u0131ristiyanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lanlar da tekrar \u0130slam\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (Nevrezova, 2006: 28-31; Koyuncu, 2013). T\u00fcrklere, Pomaklara ve \u00c7ingeneler kar\u015f\u0131 isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131 olarak tarihteki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Da\u011fl\u0131o\u011flu, 2014: 36).<\/p>\n<p>1970\u2019li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde Bulgaristan\u2019da az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusundaki art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmetini tela\u015fland\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bulgar aileler tek \u00e7ocuk sahibi ya da \u00e7ocuksuzken, az\u0131nl\u0131klar \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk ailelerin 5-6 \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131. Defalarca g\u00f6\u00e7 uygulanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu art\u0131\u015f engellenememi\u015ftir (Nevrezova, 2006: 35). Bu arada 1950-1951 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n aileleri par\u00e7alayarak g\u00f6ndermesi nedeniyle bu sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc talep eden soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bu iste\u011fini bahane eden Bulgaristan yeni bir g\u00f6\u00e7 ile az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusunun azalt\u0131labilece\u011fi bir sebep elde etmi\u015f oldu. B\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ailelerin birle\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan aras\u0131nda 22 Mart 1968\u2019de \u201c<strong>Yak\u0131n Akraba G\u00f6\u00e7 Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>\u201d imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kapsamda kalan ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f aileler i\u00e7in 1969-1978 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uygulanan anla\u015fma ile 130 bin T\u00fcrk T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmi\u015ftir. Fakat b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f aileleri birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uygulanan bu g\u00f6\u00e7 de yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeleri getirmi\u015ftir (Bayraktar, 2007: 84). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 ile \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131m alan\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ekonomide i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kayb\u0131 olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ve sosyalizmin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinde kullan\u0131lmak istenildi\u011finden y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6renlerin g\u00f6\u00e7 etmelerine m\u00fcsaade edilmemi\u015ftir. Fakat 1989\u2019da ya\u015fanacak g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131nda ise ilk onlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmi\u015ftir (Nevrezova, 2006: 29-30). G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutmak ve ekonomisine olacak olumsuzlu\u011fu engellemek istemesine ra\u011fmen yap\u0131lan bu g\u00f6\u00e7 Bulgar ekonomisinin mahf\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur (\u00dcst\u00fcnda\u011fl\u0131, 2009: 130).<\/p>\n<p>1950-1968 D\u00f6nemi Y\u0131ll\u0131k G\u00f6\u00e7men Durumu;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\"><strong>YIL<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"279\"><strong>SAYI<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1950<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">52.185<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1951<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">102.208<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1952-1960<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">1968<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">120.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"279\">TOPLAM<\/td>\n<td width=\"279\">274.486<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(Konukman, 1990: 45).<\/p><div id=\"bghab-94740683\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-60-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan bir di\u011fer geli\u015fme ise az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131n bir birleri ile temaslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi olay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tarihte Tatar, Pomak ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00c7ingene ailelerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk okullara g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini ve bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dilsel olarak T\u00fcrk toplumu ile birle\u015fmesinden endi\u015felenen Bulgaristan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Politb\u00fcrosu 5 Nisan 1962 tarihli karar ile bu az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131n birbirleriyle temaslar\u0131na son verme \u00f6nlemleri alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Nevrezova, 2006: 22).<\/p>\n<p>1923\u2019ten 1980 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 507.561 T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine ra\u011fmen az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa ge\u00e7me korkusu ya\u015fayan y\u00f6neticiler ve Politb\u00fcro yetkilileri 17 Temmuz 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201ctehditle milliyet ve din de\u011fi\u015ftirme\u201d uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gizli bir karar\u0131 ile 1974\u2019e kadar 220 bin Pomak T\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fcn bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet ile Bulgar ismi almak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ile y\u00f6neticiler kendilerince Pomak sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fcklerini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler (Nevrezova, 2006: 35).<\/p>\n<p>1984 sonbahar\u0131nda Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin isimlerinin zorla Bulgar isimleri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 son ve en kanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1985 ba\u015flar\u0131 Bulgar mezaliminin doruk noktas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamand\u0131r. Askerler ve yanlar\u0131nda milisler ile T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerine girerek isimler zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir (Yorulmaz, 2012: 13). 28 Ocak 1985\u2019de Bulgaristan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Merkez Komitesi \u201cYeniden Canlanma\u201d fikri ile Bulgar kimli\u011fi kazand\u0131r\u0131lan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk i\u00e7erisinde asimilasyonu planlanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6nce Rodoplar b\u00f6lgesi g\u00fcneydo\u011fu kesimindeki 310 bin T\u00fcrk ve Pomaklar\u0131n kimlikleri zorla Bulgar isimleri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir (Nevrezova, 2006: 37). Mart 1985\u2019e kadar 800-2500 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk bu uygulamalara kar\u015f\u0131 geldikleri i\u00e7in katledilmi\u015f (Yorulmaz, 2012: 13) veya binlercesi Belene toplama kamp\u0131nda Nazi usul\u00fc i\u015fkencelere maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Konukman, 1990: 56-59).<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre direnen Bulgaristan Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Todor Jivkof en sonunda uygulanan politikan\u0131n iflas\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f olacak ki, 2 Haziran 1989 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u201c<em>Pasaportlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 verece\u011fiz, T\u00fcrkiye kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7s\u0131n kalmak istemeyen \u00e7ekip gitsin\u201d<\/em>\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan sonra, daha \u00f6nceki uygulamalarda oldu\u011fu gibi Bulgar y\u00f6netiminin tespit etti\u011fi aileler par\u00e7alanarak, zorbal\u0131kla mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el koymak sureti ile g\u00f6\u00e7e zorland\u0131lar. Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n bu uygulamas\u0131 bir ay\u0131p olarak tarih sahnesindeki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Konukman, 1990: 60).<\/p>\n<p>May\u0131s 1989-May\u0131s 1990 Ayl\u0131k Veriler Halinde S\u0131n\u0131rdan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Giri\u015fler<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3699814482\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-65-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"111\">TAR\u0130H<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"223\">G\u0130R\u0130\u015e YAPANLAR<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"111\">TOPLAM<\/p>\n<p>(K\u0130\u015e\u0130)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"111\">GENEL TOPLAM<\/p>\n<p>(K\u0130\u015e\u0130)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">V\u0130ZEL\u0130<\/p>\n<p>(K\u0130\u015e\u0130)<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">V\u0130ZES\u0130Z<\/p>\n<p>(K\u0130\u015e\u0130)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">MAYIS \/ 1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">1.630<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">1.630<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">1.630<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">HAZ\u0130RAN\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">22<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">87.599<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">87.621<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">89.251<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">TEMMUZ\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">79<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">135.297<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">135.316<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">224.567<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">A\u011eUSTOS\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">512<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">87.396<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">87.908<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">312.475<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">EYL\u00dcL\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">1.859<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">1.859<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">314.334<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">EK\u0130M\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">3.619<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">3.619<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">317.953<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">KASIM\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">4.531<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">4.531<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">322.484<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">ARALIK\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">4.843<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">4.843<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">327.327<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">OCAK\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">2.779<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">2.779<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">330.106<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">\u015eUBAT\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">3.645<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">3.645<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">333.751<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">MART\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">4.595<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">4.595<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">338.346<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">N\u0130SAN\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">4.360<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">4.360<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">342.706<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">MAYIS\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">3.254<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">3.254<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">345.960<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"111\">TOPLAM<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">34.098<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">311.862<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">345.960<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">345.960<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(Konukman, 1990: 61).<\/p>\n<p>Soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 zul\u00fcmden kurtarabilmek amac\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye Bulgaristan\u2019la aram\u0131zdaki vize uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak kald\u0131rarak giri\u015flerine m\u00fcsaade etmi\u015ftir. Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmeti soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 turist pasaportu ile g\u00f6ndermi\u015f, yanlar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 e\u015fya ve para getirmelerine izin vermi\u015f fakat alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7erisinde geri d\u00f6nmeyenlerin mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el konulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve emeklilik haklar\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Bulgaristan ile yeni bir g\u00f6\u00e7 anla\u015fmas\u0131 yapabilmek ve soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmek amac\u0131yla vizesiz giri\u015fleri 22 Haziran 1989 tarihi itibariyle durdurmu\u015ftur (Konukman, 1990: 60-63).<\/p>\n<p>Bu gelmeler ya\u015fan\u0131rken Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n aileleri par\u00e7alamas\u0131, alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7erisinde geri d\u00f6nmeyenlerin mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el konulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcrl\u00fc sosyal haklar\u0131n\u0131n da iptal edilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 nedeniyle geri d\u00f6nmek zorunda kalanlar da olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yapanlara \u201cBulgar rejimini ve dilini kabul ettiklerine dair\u201d belgeler imzalat\u0131l\u0131rken, eski k\u00f6ylerine, evlerine, i\u015flerine ve mesleklerine d\u00f6nmelerine m\u00fcsaade edilmemi\u015ftir (Konukman, 1990: 70).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Bulgaristan\u2019a Geriye D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerin Say\u0131sal Durumu<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">TAR\u0130H<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">GER\u0130YE D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e YAPANLAR (K\u0130\u015e\u0130)<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015eLER\u0130N AYLAR \u0130T\u0130BAR\u0130 \u0130LE GEN. TOP. (K\u0130\u015e\u0130)<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE \u0130KAMET EDEN (K\u0130\u015e\u0130)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">MAYIS \/ 1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">1.630<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">HAZ\u0130RAN\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">40<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">40<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">89.211<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">TEMMUZ\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">76<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">116<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">224.451<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">A\u011eUSTOS\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">3.677<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">3.793<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">308.682<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">EYL\u00dcL\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">26.181<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">29.974<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">284.360<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">EK\u0130M\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">21.486<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">51.460<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">266.493<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">KASIM\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">16.293<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">67.753<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">254.731<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">ARALIK\/1989<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">27.688<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">95.441<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">231.886<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">OCAK\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">8.292<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">103.733<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">226.373<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">\u015eUBAT\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">6.816<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">110.549<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">223.202<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">MART\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">10.033<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">120.923<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">217.764<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">N\u0130SAN\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">7.341<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">127.923<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">214.783<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">MAYIS\/1990<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">5.343<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">133.272<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">212.688<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"139\">TOPLAM<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">133.272<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">133.272<\/td>\n<td width=\"139\">212.688<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(Konukman, 1990: 71).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Balkanlara bilinenin aksine ilk defa Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile ayak basmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlara gelmeleri II. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130skitler ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi \u00f6ncesinde 1065 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konya b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerin Bizans taraf\u0131ndan siyasi ama\u00e7larla Balkanlara yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi baz\u0131 kaynaklarda ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Balkan devletlerinde akademisyen ve tarih\u00e7iler kendi tarihlerini yazarlarken do\u011fru olmayan ve tarafgir bir \u015fekilde yazmakta \u0131srar etmektedirler. Bu nedenle Trakya \u00dcniversitesi b\u00fcnyesinde kurulmu\u015f olan Balkan Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcne gibi akademik yap\u0131lanmalar di\u011fer \u00fcniversitelere de yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu hususta d\u00fczenlenen konferans ve paneller de artt\u0131r\u0131larak devam edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Daha Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde dillerinin Bulgarcaya yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 nedeniyle<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanda-turk-tarihi-pomaklar-ve-yasanan-gocler\/#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">*<\/a>\u00a0Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma gayretlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan ve Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmetine ikazlarda bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan (Koyuncu, 2013) Pomak T\u00fcrkleri Kuman (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) T\u00fcrklerinin torunlar\u0131d\u0131rlar ve \u0130slam\u2019a da s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar (\u00d6zlem, 2009). Pomak T\u00fcrklerinin dil problemlerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bulgaristan ile gerekli isti\u015fareleri yaparak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimi verecek alt yap\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mevcut olan dil okullar\u0131 var ise onlar\u0131n da kapasiteleri artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Pomak T\u00fcrklerinin etnik olarak da Kuman (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) T\u00fcrkleri oldu\u011fu bilinci \u00e7e\u015fitli bas\u0131n ve yay\u0131nlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kazand\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi isimlerin eski haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclme i\u015flemi 1993 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar m\u00fcracaatla yap\u0131labiliyorken, bu tarihten sonra mahkeme kararlar\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmektedir. \u0130simlerini eski haline de\u011fi\u015ftirmemi\u015f olanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ihmalden, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da \u201ctekrar eski uygulama yap\u0131labilir, bask\u0131ya maruz kalabiliriz\u201d korkusu ile yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (Oran, 1993). \u015eimdi bu ki\u015filerin isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini yeniden yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in mahkeme masraf\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta, de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131l\u0131rsa bu defa da de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gereken kimlikler, diplomalar ile di\u011fer resmi evraklar\u0131 sorunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta, bunlar i\u00e7in de maddi kayna\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. Bu masraflar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakta zorlananlar i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkiye H\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in Bulgar H\u00fck\u00fcmetinden kolayl\u0131k talebi i\u00e7in giri\u015fimlerde bulunmal\u0131, gerekirse olu\u015fturulacak bir ekonomik fon ile bu sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc cihetine gidilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan ya da g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek gelmi\u015f soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in baz\u0131 akademisyen veya bas\u0131n yay\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cBulgar T\u00fcrk\u00fc\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in \u201cBulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri\u201d, \u201cBulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler\u201d veya \u201cBulgaristan\u2019dan gelen T\u00fcrkler\u201d ifadelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f ifade kullan\u0131m\u0131na son verilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye etnik temelli bir politika izlemese de Balkanlar\u2019da bulunan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n durumlar\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ili\u015fkileri her zaman etkileyen \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r oldu\u011fu bir realitedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Balkanlarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile temaslar\u0131n kopmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in (T\u00fcrbedar, t.y.) D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer kurum ve kurulu\u015flar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik k\u00f6pr\u00fcler ile irtibat\u0131 devam ettirmeli, buralarda T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn peki\u015ftirilmesinin yan\u0131nda ekonomik etkinli\u011fini de artt\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0130smail C\u0130NG\u00d6Z<\/p>\n<p>Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Uzman\u0131\/M.A. \u2013BULT\u00dcRK Ankara Temsilcisi. cingozismail01@gmail.com<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-1654814202\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6zet \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcrkler Balkanlara Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinde ve Anadolu\u2019dan olmak \u00fczere iki \u015fekilde gelmi\u015flerdir. II. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden gelen T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar Balkanlara h\u00fck\u00fcm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":23005,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ismail-cingoz.jpg?fit=280%2C368&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-ffb","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58601"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58601\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}