{"id":57113,"date":"2022-04-10T19:14:37","date_gmt":"2022-04-10T16:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=57113"},"modified":"2022-04-10T19:14:37","modified_gmt":"2022-04-10T16:14:37","slug":"bulgaristanda-liderlik-20","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanda-liderlik-20\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristan&#8217;da Liderlik -20-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Rafet ULUT\u00dcRK<br \/>\nKonu Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 da etkiledi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>180 Rus ve Sovyet an\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6k\u00fclmesinde, sokak ve meydanlardaki Rus isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinde \u0131srar edenlerin alay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 topluyor. Pravets kentindeki 4 metre y\u00fcksek katil Todor Jivkov boy an\u0131t\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ls\u0131n sesleri y\u00fckseliyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>De\u011fi\u015fen Bulgaristan\u2019da TV, radyo, bas\u0131n ve sosyal ile birlikte kamuoyu olu\u015fturan 13 kurumdan biri olan Bulgar Bilim ve Sanat Akademisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Grigor Velev bizdeki anlam ve de\u011ferlerin git gide de\u011fi\u015fimini \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkelerinden biri olan Bulgaristan\u2019da, Rusya ile olan tarihsel ili\u015fkiler bozulur korkusu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla pek \u00e7ok \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fc boyan\u0131yor veya ger\u00e7ekler gizleniyor. Rus imparatorluk g\u00f6revlisi Kont \u0130gnatiev Balkanlardan, daha do\u011frusu Bulgaristan\u2019dan sorumluydu. O, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcr olaca\u011f\u0131na hi\u00e7bir zaman inanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k vaat etti\u011fi, sonunda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n eyaleti olan G\u00fcrcistan ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n kaderine benzer bir yazg\u0131 payla\u015facakt\u0131k. \u00d6yle olsun diye, Kont \u0130gnatiev\u2019e Bulgar ruhunun dirili\u015f ser\u00fcvenini engellemesi emredilmi\u015fti.<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Kilise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fccadelemizi frenleyen, Bulgar Papazlar\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesine katk\u0131da bulunan oydu. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Bulgaristan kurulmas\u0131na engel olmak onun g\u00f6reviydi. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenine gelince, ona Bulgar halk\u0131 engel olmu\u015ftur<\/em>. \u201c<br \/>\n(1872\u2019de Bulgaristan Rusya bask\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen kilise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131 elde etti.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Akademisyen Velev ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnek:<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-624090066\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201c<em>Kont \u0130gnatiev, Sofya Mahkemesinde komitac\u0131 Vasil Levski\u2019ye \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 kesilmesi i\u00e7in mahkeme heyeti i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale etti. Mahkeme heyetinde 3 Bulgar vard\u0131. Onlara m\u00fcdahale ederek V. Levkin\u2019in, bir komitac\u0131 olarak yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u00a0 verilebilecek en a\u011f\u0131r ceza s\u00fcrg\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan, insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f bir asi olarak yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131nda \u0131srar etti. Bu hareketle kendini Ruslara satmayan \u00f6rnek Bulgar simas\u0131 yok edilmi\u015fti. O zaman Rus askeri casuslar\u0131, V. Levski hari\u00e7, Bulgar devrim hareketi \u00f6nderlerinden hepsini Rus imparatoru hizmetine kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>(G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bulgar toplumu parampar\u00e7aysa, 142 y\u0131ldan beri geli\u015fen uzla\u015fmaz \u00e7eli\u015fkilerden biri Rusya\u2019y\u0131 sevenler (Rusofiller) ve Rusya\u2019y\u0131 sevmeyenler (Rusofoblar) aras\u0131nda k\u00f6relip keskinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Komitac\u0131 V. Levski\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 sehpas\u0131nda salland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yalan\u0131n\u0131 yayanlar, T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemi\u015flerdir. 2020\u2019de AB ve NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fini bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc sevinemeyen, hatta ABD taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmeyi neredeyse bekleyen Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n bu tavr\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcnde Rusya korkusu vard\u0131r. )<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tarih\u00e7i Akademisyenden G. Velev yaz\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Bulgar tarihinde bir kara leke olan Rus \u2018Kont \u0130gnatiev\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131n Sofya\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sokaklar\u0131ndan birinden s\u00f6k\u00fclmelidir. Bu soka\u011fa \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d ad\u0131 verilmesi i\u00e7in imza toplama kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatmal\u0131y\u0131z. Rusya imparatorlu\u011funun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke de\u011fil, kendine bir \u2018eyalet\u2019 yapmak istedi\u011fine y\u00fczlerce kan\u0131t var. NATO ve AB\u2019ye \u00fcye olunca, Rusya\u2019dan sitem ald\u0131k, Bulgaristan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 benzer hareketlerde bulunmaya kimsenin hakk\u0131 yoktur<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin evrensel de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131na uyulmas\u0131 zorunlu\u011fu ortadayken, yerli akademisyenlerin de aktif kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla 30 y\u0131l \u00f6nce de\u011fi\u015fim yoluna se\u00e7en Bulgaristan\u2019da, Bulgar devletinin milli karakteri konusunda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yorumlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1156652320\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bir yandan Osmanl\u0131 ba\u011fr\u0131nda olu\u015fan Bulgar milli olgusunda s\u00fcreklilik izlenirken ve 1878\u2019den sonra kurulan 71 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin hepsinin milli karakterli olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Prenslik (1878-1908) ve Krall\u0131k (1909-1944) monar\u015fi d\u00f6nemleri Bulgar olmay\u0131 kabul eden yabanc\u0131 soylular (Al. Batenberg, Ferfinad Saks-Koburg-Gotski ve o\u011flu III. Boris) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011finden dolay\u0131 milli saymay\u0131p, III. Bulgar devletinin ancak T.Jivkov\u2019un devlet y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mesiyle (1956) ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edenler belirdi. Monar\u015fi y\u0131llar\u0131nda sanayile\u015fme denemesinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z, sosyalizm y\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve liberal demokrasi d\u00f6neminde de durgun oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yerle\u015fti. Ve ilgin\u00e7 olan temel yarg\u0131 de\u011ferlerinin yeni \u015feklini bi\u00e7imlendirenler ve etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ok dilli, \u00e7ok dinli ve \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc yeni bir devlet kurulmas\u0131 konusunda hen\u00fcz ufuk a\u00e7an geli\u015fmeler ba\u015flamad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1990\u2019dan beri Bulgaristan vatanda\u015flar\u0131na Amerikan ger\u00e7eklerini anlatan zihniyet bu \u00f6zelliklere de\u011finmiyor. 600 y\u0131ldan beri k\u00f6ylerinde, kasaba ve kentlerde mahalle gettolar\u0131nda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n yal\u0131n Amerikan ger\u00e7eklerini bilmesini istemiyorlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bu gettolar liderlerini, sokaklar s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen \u00f6nc\u00fcleri kendileri yeti\u015ftiriyor.<\/strong> Getto sakinleri insan haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in hukuk m\u00fccadelesi veriyorlar. Onlar Amerika\u2019ya, bizim Bulgaristan\u2019a gelmemizden 200-300 sene sonra g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclseler de, Afrika\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nm\u00fcyorlar. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Barak Obama, e\u015fi ve k\u0131zlar\u0131yla birlikte, ata topra\u011f\u0131 olan Kenya\u2019daki k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn kul\u00fcbelerini gidip g\u00f6rd\u00fc ama \u201c<strong>emekli olunca d\u00f6n\u00fcp k\u00f6y\u00fcme yerle\u015feyim de, karde\u015flerime \u00f6rnek olay\u0131m<\/strong>\u201d demedi. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin yar\u0131s\u0131 demokrasiye ge\u00e7erken de vatanlar\u0131ndan kovuldu\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>Toplum ve y\u00f6netimin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 demokrasiden kaz\u0131yamamas\u0131 Amerikan problemi iken, Bulgaristan\u2019da rejimlerin i\u00e7indeki milliyet\u00e7i \u00f6z\u00fc koruyarak rejim devredi\u015fi bir Bulgar sorunudur. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz, hem Amerika\u2019da hem de Bulgaristan\u2019da \u00f6teden beri ana konu, toplumun ayr\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7izgileri, az\u0131nl\u0131klar konusudur. Bulgarlar, devlet kurma form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015f se\u00e7erek tek dilli, tek k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ve tek milletli Bulgar devleti kurmaya sevdalan\u0131rken, az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu durdurabilece\u011fi, yenebilece\u011fi hatta geriletebilece\u011fi teorisini sanki bilmiyorlard\u0131. En k\u00f6t\u00fc olan da 1989 May\u0131s ay\u0131 T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131k Ayaklanmas\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 bir almamas\u0131, sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karmamas\u0131, havay\u0131 yumu\u015fat\u0131p az\u0131nl\u0131klarla uzla\u015fma yolu aramamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-373144809\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bunun temel nedeni, Bulgar toplumunda 1878\u2019den beri atalardan, dedelere, babalara ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc o\u011ful ve torunlara iktidarlar\u0131n devriyle ge\u00e7en ayr\u0131mc\u0131, milliyet\u00e7i devlet ve siyaset \u00e7izgisidir. III. Bulgar devleti kurulurken Rus \u00e7izmesi alt\u0131nda, az\u0131nl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok sert uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan siyasi y\u00f6nelim dikkati \u00e7ekti. 1885\u2019te Bulgar y\u00f6netiminin istilac\u0131 Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00fcz \u00e7evirip Almanya\u2019ya sar\u0131lmas\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fiklik kaydetmeyip askeri darbe d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri ve monar\u015fi diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feklinde 1944\u2019e kadar uzand\u0131. 1956\u2019dan sonra ba\u015fta M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk ve Pomak d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak ve devlet gelene\u011fi haline getirerek devam ederken, 1990\u2019da Anayasa ve rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi az\u0131nl\u0131klar siyasetinde ancak k\u0131l\u0131f de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n<p>Ne yaz\u0131k ki, 2004\u2019te NATO ve 2007\u2019de Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi olan Bulgaristan\u2019da az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 eriterek asimile etme siyaseti reddedilip k\u00f6k\u00fc kaz\u0131namad\u0131. Toplumun par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 derinle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Sayg\u0131lar\u0131mla<br \/>\nOkuyanlara sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcnler ve te\u015fekk\u00fcrler<br \/>\nPayla\u015f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-322095293\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rafet ULUT\u00dcRK Konu Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 da etkiledi 180 Rus ve Sovyet an\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6k\u00fclmesinde, sokak ve meydanlardaki Rus isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinde \u0131srar edenlerin alay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 topluyor. Pravets kentindeki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":56911,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/rafet-konmyr.jpg?fit=520%2C714&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-eRb","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57113"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57113\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}