\u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7<\/b>\u00a0(d. 1893 – \u00f6. 24 Haziran 1960), T\u00fcrk e\u011fitim bilimci,\u00a0k\u00f6y enstit\u00fclerinin\u00a0mimar\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemin \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p>\n
\u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0Bulgaristan’\u0131n\u00a0Silistre iline\u00a0ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0Totrakan\u00a0il\u00e7esinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131\u00a0Sokol\u00a0olan\u00a0Tatar Atmaca\u00a0k\u00f6y\u00fcnde 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Babas\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinden Hac\u0131 Velio\u011flu \u0130dris, annesi ise Dobrucal\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk olan Vesile Han\u0131m’d\u0131r. Biri k\u0131z 8 karde\u015fin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7, e\u011fitim hayat\u0131na kendi k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 4 y\u0131ll\u0131k ilkokulu bitirdikten sonra Silistre’de r\u00fc\u015ftiye’ye devam etti. Oradaki \u00f6\u011frenimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00f6y\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fik i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenimine devam etmek \u00fczere tek ba\u015f\u0131na\u00a0\u0130stanbul’a gitti, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekti, ard\u0131ndan Maarif Naz\u0131r\u0131\u00a0(E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131)<\/i>\u00a0\u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey taraf\u0131ndan leyli meccani\u00a0(paras\u0131z yat\u0131l\u0131)<\/i>\u00a0\u00f6\u011frenci olarak\u00a0Kastamonu Muallim Mektebi’ne g\u00f6nderildi. 1916’da naklen\u00a0\u0130stanbul Muallim Mektebi’ne gelerek \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fine orada devam etti. Muallim Mektebi’nde \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fi,\u00a0I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llara rastlamaktad\u0131r. Okulu bitirdikten sonra 1918’de\u00a0Almanya’ya daha \u00fcst \u00f6\u011frenim i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderildi. 1918-1919 y\u0131llar\u0131nda\u00a0Almanya’n\u0131n\u00a0Karlsruhe\u00a0kentindeki\u00a0Ettlingen\u00a0\u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu’nda sekiz ayl\u0131k bir programa devam etti. 1919’da Anadolu’ya d\u00f6nerek,\u00a0Eski\u015fehir Muallim Mektebi’nde Resim ve Eli\u015fi ile Beden E\u011fitimi \u00f6\u011fretmeni olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131. 1921’de Yunan i\u015fgalinden hemen \u00f6nce\u00a0Ankara’ya atand\u0131, 1922’de yeniden \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rmek \u00fczere\u00a0Almanya’ya g\u00f6nderildi.<\/sup><\/p>\n 1922 sonundan ba\u015flayarak 1924 Nisan’\u0131na de\u011fin\u00a0Konya Muallim Mektebi’nde, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n g\u00fcz\u00fcne de\u011fin ise\u00a0Ankara Muallim Mektebi’nde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik ve y\u00f6neticilik yapt\u0131. Daha sonra k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre\u00a0Adana Muallim Mektebi’nde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131ktan sonra, 1925’te be\u015f ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na mesleki e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda incelemeler yapmak \u00fczere yeniden\u00a0Almanya’ya gitti. 1925’te\u00a0Ankara Muallim Mektebi’nde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131, 11 Mart 1926’da\u00a0Maarif Vek\u00e2leti\u00a0Levaz\u0131m ve Alat\u0131 Dersiye M\u00fczesi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’ne atanarak merkezdeki y\u00f6neticilerden biri oldu. 10 Temmuz 1926 ile 26 A\u011fustos 1926 tarihleri aras\u0131nda, ilk\u00f6\u011fretim m\u00fcfetti\u015fleri ve ilkokul \u00f6\u011fretmenleri i\u00e7in Ankara’da a\u00e7\u0131lan “\u0130\u015f \u0130lkesine Dayal\u0131 \u00d6\u011fretim Kursu”nda, yabanc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, daha sonra K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fclerinin temel ilkesi, slogan\u0131 (Osmanl\u0131ca’da “\u015fiar”, \u0130ng. “motto”) durumuna gelecek “i\u015f i\u00e7in i\u015f i\u00e7inde i\u015fle e\u011fitim<\/i>” anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n 26 Ocak 1927’de ilkokul \u00f6\u011fretmeni\u00a0Nafia Kamil\u00a0ile evlendi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l,\u00a0Sivas’ta ve\u00a0Ankara’da ilk\u00f6\u011fretim m\u00fcfetti\u015fleri i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan kurslarda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131 ve\u00a0Ankara’da uluslararas\u0131 ders ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7leri sergisini a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>