{"id":52745,"date":"2021-02-08T20:53:28","date_gmt":"2021-02-08T17:53:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=52745"},"modified":"2026-02-02T19:48:42","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T16:48:42","slug":"bulgaristan-secimleri-bizim-icin-neden-onemli-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristan-secimleri-bizim-icin-neden-onemli-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristan Se\u00e7imleri Bizim \u0130\u00e7in Neden \u00d6nemli -2-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Murat ULUT\u00dcRK<br \/>\nTarih: 07 \u015eubat 2021<\/p>\n<p>Birinci yaz\u0131m\u0131 okuyanlar, <strong>\u201cB\u00f6yle gelmi\u015f b\u00f6yle gider, Bulgar e\u015feyinden kat\u0131r olmaz, ancak semeri de\u011fi\u015fir ya da boyan\u0131r ve pazarda sat\u0131l\u0131r\u201d <\/strong>demi\u015fler.<\/p>\n<p>Ben okurlar\u0131ma kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. Sizin fikrinizi ben, yine de\u011fi\u015fmeceli anlamda, \u201c<strong>Bulgarlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 monar\u015fi (\u00c7arl\u0131k), sosyalist ve yeni-liberal (\u015fimdiki) d\u00f6nemde ancak bir g\u00f6lgede \u00f6teki g\u00f6lgeye de\u011fi\u015fti, ba\u015fka de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey olmad\u0131<\/strong>\u201d tespitimle beslemek istiyorum.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda s\u0131k\u00e7a \u201c<strong>devrim<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c<strong>evrim<\/strong>\u201d gibi kavramlar kullan\u0131yorum ve okurlar\u0131m ayn\u0131 \u015feye baz\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131zda \u201c<strong>ihtilal yani devrim<\/strong>\u201d, ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131n\u0131zda \u201c<strong>darbe, askeri darbe<\/strong>\u201d demi\u015fsiniz, do\u011fal geli\u015fme s\u00fcrecini de \u201c<strong>evrim<\/strong>\u201d olarak analiz etmi\u015fsiniz, biraz netle\u015ftirir misiniz, demi\u015fler.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015faret etti\u011finiz kavraklar\u0131n i\u00e7erik fark\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle a\u015fabilirim:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4115886703\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ku\u015fkusuz Bulgaristan \u00f6rneklerinde bu \u00f6nemli kavramlar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc biraz daha derin ve geni\u015f a\u00e7mak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Devrim (ihtilal) nedir? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Politik, ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkileri k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftiren toplumsal olayd\u0131r. Sebebi i\u00e7sel ve d\u0131\u015fsal olabilir. Bulgaristan\u2019da her defas\u0131nda daha fazla d\u0131\u015fsal olmu\u015ftur. <strong>Politik <\/strong>ili\u015fkilerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi dedi\u011fimde devlet y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminin de\u011fi\u015fmesini, <strong>sosyal i<\/strong>li\u015fkiler dedi\u011fimde sistem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini, <strong>ekonomik<\/strong> ili\u015fkiler de\u011fi\u015fmesine i\u015faret ederken m\u00fclkiyet bi\u00e7iminin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ve <strong>k\u00fclt\u00fcrel<\/strong> ili\u015fkiler dedi\u011fimde de hukuksal ili\u015fkiler de i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere, ahlak, t\u00f6re ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan\u2019da ilk politik de\u011fi\u015fiklik<\/strong> 1978\u2019de Rusya &#8211; Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorluklar aras\u0131 \u201c93 Harbinin\u201d 1877-1878 Sava\u015f sonunda Berlin Konferans\u0131 kararlar\u0131yla meydana gelmi\u015f. Vidin\u2019den Varna\u2019ya, Sofya ovas\u0131 da i\u00e7inde Bulgar Prensli\u011fi kurulmu\u015f, <strong>politik olarak<\/strong> Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131n\u0131n bu topraklar \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f ve yerine Bulgar devleti \u2013Prenslik ve \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet kurulmu\u015ftur. Padi\u015fah emriyle y\u00f6netilen topraklar\u0131n y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f ve parlamenter demokrasiye ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. % 90 k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n toprak m\u00fclkiyeti ve ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcklerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p Bulgar defterlerine yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130l y\u0131llarda \u201colmaz b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey\u201d diyen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131 Bulgar devlet kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ge\u00e7irmemi\u015ftir. \u00a0K\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fikliklere bir de \u00fcstyap\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikleri deriz. Bir yandan Prenslikte ve Anayasas\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ortodoks dini devlet dini ilan edilirken, \u0130slam da ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 devrinden kalan dini kurumlarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, t\u00f6reler ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 ayn\u0131 kal\u0131rken, \u015eeriat Mahkemeleri de 1934\u2019e kadar adalet da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015f ve asker al\u0131nan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gen\u00e7ler yemin ederken Kuran \u00f6pm\u00fc\u015f ve Allaha yemin etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Hemen \u015funu ilave edeyim, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplum de\u011fi\u015fime zorlan\u0131rken yasa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f i\u015fler hep meclis d\u0131\u015f\u0131 emirlerle, bask\u0131 kullan\u0131larak, zorla halledilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sanki T\u00fcrkler yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor gibi bir hava meydana getirilmi\u015f ve bu s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2054044293\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Fakat burada mutlaka s\u00f6ylenmesi gereken birka\u00e7 c\u00fcmle daha var. Bulgar prensli\u011finde yap\u0131lanlar b\u00fct\u00fcn n\u00fcfusun ortak hay\u0131r, bereket, maddi ve manevi nimetini vs yaratmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, yaln\u0131z H\u0131ristiyanlar ve Bulgarlar yarar\u0131na olan de\u011ferler yaratma i\u015fine kilitlenmi\u015ftir. Bu anayasadan ba\u015flar. Anayasa geneldir, ama Bulgar anayasas\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri ve di\u011fer etniklerin dertlerini, dilini, dinini, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zlemlerini ve hayallerini i\u00e7ine almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 142 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Bulgar eliti Prenslik toplumunun Bulgarlardan ve az\u0131nl\u0131klardan, H\u0131ristiyanlardan ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek istememi\u015ftir. Genel, umum olan\u0131 yar\u0131m, tek yanl\u0131 \u00a0g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve sakat nizam ve devlet kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Demek oluyor ki, <strong>1879 Bulgar eliti Prenslikte ya\u015fayacak olan t\u00fcm toplum i\u00e7in ortak bereket, fayda, bolluk, esenlik yaratmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenledir ki, Bulgar politikas\u0131 daha ilk g\u00fcnden sakatt\u0131r.<\/strong> Ku\u015fkusuz bunun b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131nda esaret\u00e7i Ruslar\u0131n etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri daha ilk g\u00fcnde \u00e7ifte esaret alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <strong>Birisi Rus esareti, ikincisi de ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyen Bulgarlar\u0131n esaretidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsanlar aras\u0131ndaki temas, ileti\u015fim, yard\u0131mla\u015fma ortak nimet ve de\u011ferler yaratmak i\u00e7in kurulur. Bu bak\u0131ma aram\u0131zdaki ba\u011flar daha ilk ad\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131rken kopmu\u015ftur. Dilimize ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131lar asl\u0131nda anla\u015fma tolumuzu kesmi\u015ftir. Ortak hedef belirlememiz imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Ve bu durumun 1.5 as\u0131r s\u00fcrmesi kapanmaz yaralar a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<strong>. Bulgarlar bizim \u00f6zel menfaatlerimizi g\u00f6rmezden geldikleri i\u00e7in daha \u00fcst bir d\u00fczeyde ortak \u00e7\u0131karlarda bulu\u015fmam\u0131z da olanaks\u0131zla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Devlet ne zaman belirir? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ki\u015fisel, ailevi, mahalli, etnik, ulusal menfaatlerin \u00fczerinde ortak var olmam\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131, ortak davam\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 olu\u015funca devlet kurulur. Bu ortak \u00e7\u0131kar olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc biz daha 1879\u2019da oyun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131k ve bug\u00fcn de de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey yok. <strong>Bu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ad\u0131 CUMHUR\u0130YETT\u0130R.<\/strong> 1879\u2019da Bulgaristan\u2019da Cumhuriyetin kilit ta\u015f\u0131, temel ta\u015f\u0131 toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak, toplumsal denge olarak yerine konmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ortak nimetimiz soksa, ortak hedefimiz yoksa bir devlet de\u011filiz anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130lk g\u00fcnden bu bug\u00fcne par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z buna kan\u0131tt\u0131r. Politik d\u00fczeyde bizimle temas bile kurulmam\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler dinlenmi\u015ftir. Onlarsa hep Ruslar ve Almanlar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1268875661\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Bulgarlar\u0131n 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l tarihinde en \u00f6nemli olay budur.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Temel konu oldu\u011funa inanarak, Bulgarlar\u0131n evde ve okulda \u00a0namus e\u011fitimi almamas\u0131, faziletli insanlar olarak yeti\u015fmemeleri ve ahlaklar\u0131n\u0131n bizim ahlak\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131na de\u011finmek istiyorum ki, bu \u00fc\u00e7 de\u011ferle ilgili farkl\u0131 ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda ortak de\u011fer ve hedef belirlenmesi, tek yumrukta birle\u015fmeleri imk\u00e2ns\u0131z gibi bir \u015feydir. Bir ki\u015fi ba\u015fka birine kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca yeti\u015ftirilirse, onunla dost olamaz, ayn\u0131 hedefte birle\u015femez. Bunlar\u0131 yazarken moral ve siyasetin soyut \u00f6\u011fretilmemesi gere\u011fine inan\u0131yorum. Do\u011frusu, biz, Bulgar okullar\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f e\u011fitildik, beyinlere d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k tohumlar\u0131 sa\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bulgar toplumunda T\u00fcrklerle ili\u015fkilerde m\u00fcspet,(olumlu, pozitif) \u00f6rnekler yok. Biz bu \u00f6rnekler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 basit hayattan daha y\u00fcksek erdemli bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imine ge\u00e7emiyoruz. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bulgaristan ko\u015fullar\u0131nda 1879\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, iyi insan olabilme olanaklar\u0131m\u0131z yoktur. Biz serbest de\u011fil, politik sistem \u00f6yle kurulmu\u015f ki, biz hepimiz ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kimseleriz. Ki\u015finin \u00f6z\u00fcnde olsa bile toplum kabul etmeyince \u00e7abalar bo\u015funad\u0131r. Olay budur. Bunu bozmak da politikac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6devidir. Politik sistem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi dedi\u011fimizde \u00f6nce bu anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 durumumuzdan \u00f6zg\u00fcr duruma ge\u00e7meliyiz. Bu nedenle, T\u00fcrk siyaset adamlar\u0131n\u0131n toplumun \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol verilmiyor. Biz bu toplumu onlarda olmayanla de\u011fi\u015ftirebiliriz. Bu cevher bizde var.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 medeniyet i\u00e7inde erdem ve namus \u00f6rnekleri verirken, bunlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn toplum i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 gerekir, bu yoksa \u00e7atlama, b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k do\u011furur. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren Bulgarlar\u0131 1984-1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda silahl\u0131 bulduk.\u00a0 Bu her \u015feyden \u00f6nce farkl\u0131 erdem ve namus \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleriyle al\u0131nan e\u011fitim \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Demek oluyor ki, bir Rusya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 olan 1877-78 sava\u015f\u0131 (Plevne muharebesi ve ya Osman Pa\u015fa Harbi olarak da bilinir) sonucu kurulan Bulgar Prensli\u011fine Bulgar tarih\u00e7iler ve politikac\u0131lar \u201c<strong>devrim\u201d<\/strong> demi\u015flerdir. <strong>Burada devrim niteli\u011fi olan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler daha sonra yap\u0131lan reformlard\u0131r<\/strong>. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bir anayasal d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ilmesi, 1882\u2019den 1934\u2019e kadar Osmanl\u0131 maddi miras\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131p yok ederek \u00fclke g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Avrupal\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, resmi dil olan Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin yerine Bulgar dilinin resmi devlet dili ilan edilmesi \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0 Bulgar kesimin medeni kanuna ge\u00e7mesi ve \u00f6zellikle de gen\u00e7 devlette devlet i\u015fleri ile kilise i\u015flerinin birbirinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Anayasa vatanda\u015flar\u0131 e\u015fit ilan etmi\u015f olsalar da,\u00a0 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara ve \u0130slam\u2019a daha ilk g\u00fcnden sava\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgarca bilmiyorsunuz gerek\u00e7esiyle se\u00e7ilmi\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman temsilciler kurucu meclise (1879) al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benimsenen \u00f6tekile\u015ftirme siyaseti T\u00fcrkleri s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n mal ve m\u00fclklerine el konmas\u0131, camilerin kiliseye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00f6rnekler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tebaan\u0131n cahil b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131p k\u00f6rle\u015ftirilme siyasetinin devlet siyaseti haline getirilmesi, 1878 Bulgar Devrim \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde onun bir demokratik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc devrim de\u011fil, <strong>az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir kar\u015f\u0131 devrim ve gericilik oldu\u011funa kan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu arada 1909\u2019da Prenslik Krall\u0131k (\u00c7arl\u0131k) olmu\u015f ama de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.. Monar\u015finin ba\u015fka bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00e7ok partisi sistem olsa da, T\u00fcrk partisi kurulamam\u0131\u015f ve Bulgar partilerinde de T\u00fcrk \u015eubeleri a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler devletin \u00fcst kat\u0131nda temsil edilmemi\u015ftir. Birinci Bulgar devriminin ana \u00e7izgileri bunlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130kinci Bulgar Devrimi<\/strong> olarak yaz\u0131lan ve anlat\u0131lan 1944 devrimi, Bulgar \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201cK\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u201d (Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Ordusu) taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmesi sonucu ba\u015fta Albay Kimon Georgiev olan 3 ki\u015filik bir askeri grup taraf\u0131ndan 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1944 gecesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u015eekli bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir darbedir. \u00d6z\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise, daha sonra fa\u015fist politik sistemin sosyalist devlet bi\u00e7imiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131n reform g\u00f6rmesi, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin k\u00f6ylerde kooperatifle\u015ftirilmesi, kentlerde ise devletle\u015ftirilmesi ve manevi ya\u015famda ise dini gelenekleri reddederek dinsiz bir d\u00fcnya anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, uydurma sosyalist ahlak uygulamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan analiz edildi\u011fimde bir devrimdir. Fakat <strong>Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n do\u011fal ve yasal, dini ve sivil haklar\u0131, do\u011fal haklar ve evrensel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fa\u015fizm y\u0131llar\u0131 zulm\u00fcn\u00fcn devam\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Pomaklardan ba\u015flayarak 1913\u2019te ilk isim ve din de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi zorbal\u0131kla Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131na hayat hakk\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1935\u2019ten sonra Rodoplarda (Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131) bu bask\u0131lara devam etmi\u015ftir. 1934\u2019te Ulahlar\u0131n ismini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f, 1962\u2019de \u00c7ingenelerin ve Gagavuzlar\u0131n isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f, belirli aralardan sonra 1964 ve 1972-75 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Pomaklara uzun s\u00fcreli ve de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imli \u015fiddet uygulayan devlet dayan\u0131lmaz zul\u00fcm sonunda T\u00fcrk isimleri Bulgar isimleriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve \u0130slam dini yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131ma, 1971\u2019den sonra sosyalizmim politik yap\u0131 olarak ter\u00f6r devletine de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ve 1984-1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerine soyk\u0131r\u0131m denemesi uygulamas\u0131, 1944-devirmini Bulgaristan\u2019da az\u0131nl\u0131klara ve onlar\u0131n en temel haklar\u0131na, tarihleri ve gelenekleri, dilleri ve dinleriyle ya\u015famalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan bir kar\u015f\u0131 devrim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Birinci (1878) ve \u0130kinci (1944) Bulgar devrimleri \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya ve Sovyetler Birli\u011finin bask\u0131s\u0131, dayatmas\u0131, zorlamas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kisi de Bulgar halk\u0131n\u0131n iradesine kar\u015f\u0131 olan sosyal politik olaylard\u0131r. Bu iki devrimde en belirgin olan Bulgar toplumunun zengin k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ve \u015fehirli elitin 1878\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 g\u00f6lgesinden Rusya ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Alman \u0130mparatoru ve 1933\u2019ten sonra Alman Nazizm\u2019inin \u00f6nderi Adolf Hitleri g\u00f6lgesine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131nda ona uymas\u0131nda gizlenir. Birinci d\u00f6nemde Bulgaristan\u2019da mal m\u00fclk kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tar\u0131m reformu yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve sanayile\u015fme de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde sadece az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin olumsuzla\u015fmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<strong>. Osmanl\u0131 ba\u011fr\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Bulgar milli kimli\u011finin olu\u015fumu tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f, halk Bulgarlar ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar olmak \u00fczere ikiye par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f, az\u0131nl\u0131k topluluklar\u0131 devlet yap\u0131s\u0131na davet edilmediklerinden dolay\u0131, Bulgar demokrasi ve devler olu\u015fumu da yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2098708771\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130kinci Bulgar devriminde 1950-1960 aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerine okul, sanat gruplar\u0131, tiyatro, gazete, dergi, radyo vb gibi \u00fcst yap\u0131da ye\u015ferme haklar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, kooperatifle\u015fme \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen tar\u0131m reformu ve sanayile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri motor rol\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <strong>Tek ihra\u00e7 mal\u0131 olan t\u00fct\u00fcn ve sigara \u00fcretiminde, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta ve madencilikte ana \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fc T\u00fcrklerdi ve 1979\u2019da Bulgar ihracat\u0131ndan gelen d\u00f6vizin % 94.5\u2019in T\u00fcrklerin eme\u011finin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc. \u00dcstelik fabrika ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayi tesisleri, elektrik santralleri, baraj ve sulama tesisleri yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131 T\u00fcrk erkeklerdi. Olaylara bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bulgaristan sosyalist darbesi Bulgarlar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirken, Bulgaristan\u2019daki sosyalist devrim de Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin elleriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir diyebiliriz<\/strong>. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, sosyalist devrimin totaliter rejime kilitlenmesi ve 1984-1989 soyk\u0131r\u0131m denemesi, bask\u0131, ter\u00f6r ve zul\u00fcmle T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 bir i\u015f sava\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi, sosyalist yap\u0131ya anti-demokratik, fa\u015fizan nitelik kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve 1989\u2019dan sonra uygulanan etnik temizlik siyasetiyle do\u011frudan insan d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 fa\u015fizan soyk\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7izgileri kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tabii ki bu \u201c<strong>kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler sonucu Bulgar devlet, toplum, ekonomisi, sosyal hayat\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ve bunal\u0131mlara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve i\u00e7inde bocalay\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Bulgar Devrimi<\/strong> 1989\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir anti-totaliter ve anti-kom\u00fcnist i\u00e7 birikim sonucu gelse de, Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birli\u011finde devir \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131, bu 15 devlet birli\u011fini da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin iktidardan \u00e7ekilmesi, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da sosyalist blokun \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ve bir zul\u00fcm simgesi olan \u201c<strong>Berlin Duvar\u0131<\/strong>\u201d n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftir. Bu devrimin motor g\u00fcz\u00fc de 1989 T\u00fcrk ayaklanmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Sosyalist-totaliter bask\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yeni-liberal demokratik devlet d\u00fczenine ge\u00e7i\u015f \u015feklinde 1989\u2019da bi\u00e7imlenen bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ilk y\u0131llarda anti-kom\u00fcnist nitelikler g\u00f6sterse de, kom\u00fcnist-totaliter d\u00fczenden kurtulamam\u0131\u015f, politik sahnede kalmas\u0131na engel olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1991 Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin toplumsal y\u00f6netici g\u00fc\u00e7 olmaktan vaz ge\u00e7mesi, \u00e7ok partili sisteme ge\u00e7ilmesi, taz\u0131mda \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi, sosyalist ekonominin hurdaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p yok edilmesi ve hatta Sovyet blokundan koparak Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve NATO kuca\u011f\u0131na atlama beklenen de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi getirmemi\u015ftir. Fakat bu anayasa, T. Jivkov ve BKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131 deviren i\u00e7 g\u00fcc\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerin kimli\u011fi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131 yine tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Siyasi sistem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi zihniyet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sorunudur. E\u011fitim sisteminde reform yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve 30 y\u0131ldan beri zihniyet de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. <strong>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmeden hi\u00e7bir k\u00f6kl\u00fc devrim yap\u0131lamaz, bir \u015feyler e\u015felense bile mutlaka yar\u0131m kal\u0131r. Bulgaristan\u2019daki olaylar, Osmanl\u0131 g\u00f6lgesinden, Rusya ve Sovyet yani Moskova g\u00f6lgesine ko\u015fanlar ve oradan da Almanya g\u00f6lgesine ge\u00e7i\u015f ser\u00fcveninden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Parlamentoya halk\u00e7\u0131 liberal, pop\u00fclist, yeni liberal ya da konservat\u00f6r maskeli eski kom\u00fcnistler, onlar\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131, k\u0131zlar\u0131, yak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131 dolduk\u00e7a, kom\u00fcnist soylar\u0131n temsilcileri bakanl\u0131klarda, mahkemelerde savc\u0131 ve yarg\u0131\u00e7 sandalyelerinde oturduk\u00e7a devrimci d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden s\u00f6z edilemez<\/strong>. Az\u0131nl\u0131klara k\u00f6le g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a, uyan\u0131k vatanda\u015flar\u0131n hepsi d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere kovulduk\u00e7a, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine politik ya\u015famda s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki vatanda\u015flara yasal se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131 sa\u011flanmad\u0131k\u00e7a \u201c<strong>de\u011fi\u015fiyoruz, devrim yapt\u0131k<\/strong>\u201d gibi s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fcnaht\u0131r. Milli servet d\u0131\u015f k\u00f6kenli 16 oligar\u015fi-grup elinde kald\u0131k\u00e7a ve memleketi y\u00f6neten 200 aile de\u011fi\u015fmedik\u00e7e, demokratik devrim yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, zihinsel de\u011fi\u015fimden, yeni bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden asla s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n<p>Devrimler, toplumsal geli\u015fmenin t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131na, yollar\u0131n bitti\u011fine ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f da olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131na i\u015farettir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 bu duruma <strong><em>\u201cbatakl\u0131k\u201d<\/em><\/strong> dedi. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hala bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6 Nisan 2021 se\u00e7imleri Bulgaristan\u2019a yol arayanlar\u0131n se\u00e7imidir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere 26 Mart 2017 se\u00e7iminden bir\u00e7ok vatanda\u015f ders alm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Bir defa VMRO-BND, NFSB ve \u201cAraka\u201d fa\u015fist \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc art\u0131k da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Anketlerde % 4 se\u00e7im baraj\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Parlamento d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki demokratik mayalanmadan ve 2020 yaz ve g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6steri dalgas\u0131ndan meclise 3 partinin girece\u011fi art\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bulunuyor.<em><strong> \u201cVar B\u00f6yle Bir Halk\u201d<\/strong> <\/em>\u2013 Slavi Trifonov hareketi; Ulusal denet\u00e7i Bayan Maya Mano\u0131lova, g\u00f6sterileri y\u00f6nlendiren <em><strong>\u201cZehirli \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc\u201d \u2013 \u201cBG Diril! Ve Mafya \u0130ktidardan Defol!\u201d<\/strong> <\/em>partisi ve son yerel se\u00e7imlerde Sofya\u2019da 8 belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanan <strong><em>\u201cDemokratik Bulgaristan\u201d<\/em><\/strong> hareketi anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeni mecliste yer alacak ve ortakl\u0131k kurma beyanlar\u0131 verdiler.<\/p>\n<p>10 Y\u0131ldan beri iktidar olan ve 2014 se\u00e7imlerinde Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketine Sald\u0131ran, 2017\u2019de T\u00fcrk se\u00e7menlere kar\u015f\u0131 fa\u015fist \u015fiddet uygulayanlarla birle\u015fen GERB partisi ve Ba\u015fbakan Borisov, art\u0131k zaman\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f ve 4. H\u00fck\u00fcmet kurmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. GERB partisinin \u00f6z\u00fcnde kom\u00fcnist partisi biletini kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7i\u011fiz sand\u0131\u011f\u0131na saklam\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleri madalyal\u0131 eski polis ve ordu subaylar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131 kalabal\u0131kt\u0131r. Onlar s\u00f6zde \u201c<strong>demokrasi<\/strong>\u201d ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, ABD ve Almanya kodamanlar\u0131na biat ettiler. Totalitarizm cesedini Bulgaristan\u2019da 10 y\u0131l daha tutabildiler.<\/p>\n<p>Bilmemiz gereken \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zellik, sosyalist parti BSP veya stat\u00fcko partisi olarak iyice k\u00f6kle\u015fen DPS \u00e7\u00f6mezi Ahmet Do\u011fan ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve totaliter zulm\u00fc bir s\u00fcre daha ayak tutmalar\u0131 da olas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6nde at\u0131lan her ad\u0131m\u0131n halk\u0131m\u0131za, se\u00e7mene iletilmesi zorunluk olmu\u015ftur. Birlik olup bu yolu kesemezsek Avrupa Birli\u011finin en yoksul \u00fclkesinde, korona vir\u00fcs\u00fcn en fazla \u00e7l\u00fc ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkede, anadilimizin unutuldu\u011fu ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n okul d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda kalaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-306349961\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu se\u00e7imler bizim i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6r\u00fcp yeni bir se\u00e7enekle y\u00f6nelmemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Devam edecek.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fctfen payla\u015f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Korona vir\u00fcsle m\u00fccadeleye devam.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131ram\u0131z gelince a\u015f\u0131 olal\u0131m.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2101588287\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-1586668391\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Murat ULUT\u00dcRK Tarih: 07 \u015eubat 2021 Birinci yaz\u0131m\u0131 okuyanlar, \u201cB\u00f6yle gelmi\u015f b\u00f6yle gider, Bulgar e\u015feyinden kat\u0131r olmaz, ancak semeri de\u011fi\u015fir ya da boyan\u0131r ve pazarda<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":55769,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3848,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-secim","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/murat-kosy.jpg?fit=334%2C461&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-dIJ","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52745"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52745\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}