{"id":48037,"date":"2020-07-18T09:11:30","date_gmt":"2020-07-18T06:11:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=48037"},"modified":"2020-07-18T09:18:42","modified_gmt":"2020-07-18T06:18:42","slug":"ayasofya-cami-ve-tarihi-gercekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/ayasofya-cami-ve-tarihi-gercekler\/","title":{"rendered":"AYASOFYA CAM\u0130 VE TAR\u0130H\u0130 GER\u00c7EKLER"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK<br \/>\nD\u00fczce \u0130l Milli E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<br \/>\nMaarif M\u00fcfetti\u015fi, E\u011fitimci Yazar<\/p>\n<p>Ayasofya, \u0130stanbul\u2019un en \u00f6nemli simgelerinden biri. 1500 y\u0131l boyunca ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faran bu ba\u015fyap\u0131t, g\u00f6renleri b\u00fcy\u00fclemeyi, hatta ge\u00e7mi\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015far\u0131yor. Ancak bu ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131 \u00e7ok be\u011feniyor olsak da, Ayasofya tarihi hakk\u0131nda pek bir \u015fey bilmiyoruz. Bu y\u00fczden ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ayasofya tarihi ile ilgili bilmeniz gereken her \u015feyi anlataca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n ilk binas\u0131 \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f \u0130stanbulu\u2019nun merkez\u00ee yerinde,<\/strong> birinci tepe \u00fczerinde IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ah\u015fap \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 bir bazilika bi\u00e7iminde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genellikle bu ilk yap\u0131n\u0131n I. Konstantinos\u2019un (324-337) eseri oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131rsa da yap\u0131 ancak o\u011flu Konstantios (337-361) zaman\u0131nda bitirilmi\u015f ve 15 \u015eubat 360\u2019ta a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat 20 Haziran 404\u2019te patrik \u0130oannes Khyrosostomos\u2019un s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesi \u00fczerine meydana gelen bir ayaklanmada \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda kilise harap olmu\u015f, II. Thedosius (408-450) binay\u0131 be\u015f nefli (sahn) olarak yeniden yapt\u0131r\u0131p 10 Ekim 415\u2019te tekrar a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ikinci kilise de Iustinianos (527-565) ve kar\u0131s\u0131 aleyhine 532 y\u0131l\u0131nda 13-14 Ocak gecesi \u00e7\u0131kan Nika ayaklanmas\u0131nda saray\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ve ba\u015fka umumi binalarla birlikte yand\u0131ktan sonra imparator onu evvelki binalardan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, de\u011fi\u015fik ve muhte\u015fem bir \u015fekilde yapt\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir. Bat\u0131 Anadolulu iki mimar Trallesli (Ayd\u0131n) Anthemios ile Miletoslu (Milet-Balat) \u0130sidoros\u2019a havale edilen in\u015faat 537 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Iustinianos geni\u015f imparatorlu\u011funun her taraf\u0131ndan malzeme istetmi\u015f, bunun i\u00e7in daha eski yap\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015flenmi\u015f malzemesi de toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Heliopolis\u2019ten sekiz b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 porfir s\u00fctun, Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da Efesos\u2019ta (Ayasuluk-Sel\u00e7uk) Artemis M\u00e2bedi\u2019nden, Kyzikos (Kapuda\u011f yar\u0131madas\u0131) ve Suriye\u2019de Ba\u2018lebek\u2019ten s\u00fctunlar getirildi\u011fi gibi ba\u015fka yerlerden de de\u011fi\u015fik cins ve renklerdeki mermerler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Iustinianos in\u015faatla bizzat ilgilenerek yap\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 10.000 i\u015f\u00e7iyi gayretlendirmi\u015f, Ayasofya alt\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tamamlanarak 27 Aral\u0131k 537 g\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6renle a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Iustinianos\u2019un yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Prokopios, eserinde bu kiliseye geni\u015f yer vermektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ayasofya mimarisinin esas\u0131, h\u0131ristiyan din\u00ee yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2kim plan\u0131 olan bazilika bi\u00e7imine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/strong> olmakla beraber, iki mimar bu yap\u0131n\u0131n orta mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc pandantiflerle esas kabu\u011fu, \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f bir yelken gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn te\u015fkil eden, \u00e7ap\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 31-33 metreyi bulan bas\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kubbe ile \u00f6rtme yoluna gitmi\u015flerdir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fctle bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere bat\u0131-do\u011fu ekseni \u00fczerinde kademeler halinde inen ve ufalan yar\u0131m kubbeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yanlarda ise bask\u0131, galerilerde yan duvarlardaki p\u00e2yeler ve kemerlerle tonozlar yard\u0131m\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00e7apta ve tertipte bir yap\u0131y\u0131 bu derecede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kubbe ile \u00f6rtmek asl\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cesaret idi. Ancak yap\u0131n\u0131n statik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ektir. Gerek Bizans gerekse T\u00fcrk devrinde duvarlara d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eklenen b\u00fcy\u00fck destek payandalar\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla Ayasofya bug\u00fcne kadar ayakta tutulabilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim 557 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki depremin de tesiriyle 7 May\u0131s 558\u2019de kubbenin do\u011fu taraf\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesi \u00fczerine, \u00f6nceki mimarlardan \u0130sidoros\u2019un ye\u011feni gen\u00e7 \u0130sidoros taraf\u0131ndan kubbe evvelkinden yirmi kadem (6,25 m.) kadar y\u00fckseltilip ge\u00e7i\u015fi pandantiflerle temin edilerek yeniden yap\u0131lan kilise, bu defa 24 Aral\u0131k 562\u2019de ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>869 depreminde kubbede beliren \u00e7atlaklar ertesi y\u0131l \u0130mparator Basileios taraf\u0131ndan tamir ettirilmi\u015f,<\/strong> fakat II. Basileios zaman\u0131nda 26 Ekim 986\u2019da vuku bulan depremde kubbenin yine bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden derhal gerekli tedbirler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ermeni mimar Tiridat\u2019\u0131n eliyle alt\u0131 y\u0131l s\u00fcren tamirden sonra kilise 13 May\u0131s 994\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1204\u2019te IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi ile \u0130stanbul\u2019u i\u015fgal eden Latinler burada b\u00fcy\u00fck tahribata sebep olmu\u015flard\u0131. \u0130stanbul tekrar Bizans idaresine ge\u00e7tikten sonra ufak bir tamir g\u00f6ren Ayasofya\u2019da II. Andonikos 1317\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tamirat yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, duvarlar d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan takviye payandalar\u0131yla desteklenmi\u015ftir. Ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck ve ya\u015fl\u0131 binada bu tamirler yetersiz kalm\u0131\u015f ve 19 May\u0131s 1346\u2019da sebepsiz olarak do\u011fudaki ba\u015fkemerle kubbenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bizans o d\u00f6nemde ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fundan, b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla ve halktan yard\u0131m toplamak suretiyle ancak 1354\u2019te bu zararlar\u0131 giderebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3774302225\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Ayasofya \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinde, usulden oldu\u011fu \u00fczere \u015fehrin b\u00fcy\u00fck kilisesi olarak camiye \u00e7evrildi.<\/strong> F\u00e2tih Sultan Mehmed, yap\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7evresinin harap g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda derhal Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n onar\u0131lmas\u0131 emrini vermi\u015f, burada ilk namaz\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra camiyi kendi hayrat\u0131n\u0131n ilk eseri olarak vakfetmi\u015f, yan\u0131na sonralar\u0131 \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frayan bir de medrese yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk minarenin de bat\u0131da yar\u0131m kubbenin yan\u0131ndaki iki bask\u0131 kuleciklerinden g\u00fcneydekinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ah\u015fap olarak in\u015fa edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu minare uzun m\u00fcddet durmu\u015f, ancak 1574 tamirinde kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Caminin g\u00fcneybat\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fesine II. Bayezid zaman\u0131nda tu\u011fla minare yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine, II. Bayezid d\u00f6nemine ait oldu\u011fu iddia edilen g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u00f6\u015fedeki yivli minareyi ise, Edirne\u2019deki Selimiye Camii minarelerine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n benzerli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Mimar Sinan\u2019\u0131n eseri oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kan\u00fbn\u00ee S\u00fcleyman devrinde Budin\u2019in fethi \u00fczerine oradaki ba\u015fkiliseden al\u0131nan tun\u00e7 \u015famdanlar, \u00fczerine manzum birer kit\u00e2be yaz\u0131larak 1526\u2019da Ayasofya\u2019da mihrab\u0131n iki yan\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>II.Selim de Ayasofya\u2019ya b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6stermi\u015f, Bizans devrinden beri narteks k\u0131sm\u0131nda duvara yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak duran ta\u015fa i\u015flenmi\u015f levhalar halindeki uzun bir karar metnini de terc\u00fcme ettirmi\u015ftir. Yine II. Selim zaman\u0131nda Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131 onu saran ve yap\u0131ya zarar veren evlerden kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca Mimar Sinan taraf\u0131ndan takviye payandalar\u0131 yap\u0131larak yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesi \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir. Bu vesileyle bir de minare yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki bunun g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u00f6\u015fedeki minare olmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir. \u015eehrin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ibadet yeri olarak Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda sultan t\u00fcrbelerinin yap\u0131m\u0131na da yine bu s\u0131rada ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, ilk t\u00fcrbe II. Selim i\u00e7in Mimar Sinan taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>III. Murad zaman\u0131nda da kuzeydeki iki minare ile minber, k\u00fcrs\u00fc ve mahfil il\u00e2ve edilmi\u015f, Bergama\u2019da bulunan \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan kalma yekp\u00e2re mermerden oyulmu\u015f iki b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcp getirtilerek caminin i\u00e7ine \u015fad\u0131rvan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra yine Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Mimar D\u00e2vud A\u011fa taraf\u0131ndan III. Murad i\u00e7in, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda da III. Mehmed i\u00e7in t\u00fcrbeler in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca burada bir de \u015fehzadeler t\u00fcrbesi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bir haz\u00eere te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3368774184\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>T\u00fcrk devrinde Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00fcslenmesine devaml\u0131 surette gayret edildi\u011finden 1607\u2019de \u00e7ini olarak mihrap duvar\u0131na besmele-i \u015ferif yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tahttan indirildikten sonra on alt\u0131 y\u0131l sarayda kapal\u0131 ya\u015fayan I. Mustafa 1639\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fcnce, Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n fetihten beri ya\u011fh\u00e2ne olarak kullan\u0131lan vaftizh\u00e2nesi acele t\u00fcrbe haline getirilerek cesedi buraya g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1648\u2019de Sultan \u0130br\u00e2him \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de yine ayn\u0131 yere defnedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>1651\u2019de Tekneciz\u00e2de \u0130br\u00e2him Efendi\u2019nin hatt\u0131 ile yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f caminin i\u00e7ini s\u00fcsleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck levhalar konulmu\u015f ise de bunlar 1847-1849 tamirinde kald\u0131r\u0131larak yerlerine bug\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclen Mustafa \u0130zzet Efendi\u2019nin 7,5 m. \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki yuvarlak levhalar\u0131 as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1728\u2019de III. Ahmed taraf\u0131ndan Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7inde yapt\u0131r\u0131lan tamirler s\u0131ras\u0131nda yeni bir h\u00fcnk\u00e2r mahfili in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve ortaya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir top kandil as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mahfil daha sonra 1847\u2019de kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn mihrab\u0131n solundaki dehliz duvarlar\u0131nda bunun veya daha eski mahfilin h\u00e2t\u0131ras\u0131 olan de\u011ferli \u00e7inilerle kapl\u0131 mahfil mihrab\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00fczel bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1739\u2019da I. Mahmud, iki payanda aras\u0131nda ve caminin yan sahn\u0131nda T\u00fcrk baroku \u00fcsl\u00fbbunda muhte\u015fem bir tun\u00e7 parmakl\u0131kla ayr\u0131lan, duvarlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik devirlere ait \u00e7ini kapl\u0131 ve dolaplar\u0131 renkli nak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 g\u00fczel bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane yapt\u0131rarak bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in Ca\u011falo\u011flu Hamam\u0131\u2019n\u0131 vakfetmi\u015ftir. 1740\u2019ta ise avluda, ba\u015fka bir benzeri olmayan h\u00e2rikul\u00e2de zarif ve zengin bir \u015fad\u0131rvanla bir s\u0131byan mektebi ve arka tarafta bir a\u015fhane-imaret in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk devri i\u00e7inde \u00f6nceleri Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n mozaiklerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteyken bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerleri peyderpey \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren hepsi ortadan kaybolmu\u015ftur. 1809\u2019da II. Mahmud taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tamirden k\u0131rk y\u0131l sonra Ayasofya yine ciddi olarak elden ge\u00e7irilme ihtiyac\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u015eeyh\u00fclisl\u00e2m Mekk\u00eez\u00e2de Mustafa \u00c2s\u0131m Efendi\u2019nin devlete kalan serveti, vasiyeti gere\u011fince bu i\u015fe tahsis edilerek \u0130svi\u00e7reli mimar G. Fossati taraf\u0131ndan 1847-1849 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid\u2019in emriyle geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir tamire giri\u015filmi\u015ftir. Bu arada padi\u015fah\u0131n camiye geli\u015finde istirahat etmesi ve baz\u0131 kabuller yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir kasr-\u0131 h\u00fcm\u00e2yun ile tamamen Bizans \u00fcsl\u00fbbu taklidi bir h\u00fcnk\u00e2r mahfili ve avlu kap\u0131s\u0131 yan\u0131na muvakkith\u00e2ne yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, avluyu \u00e7eviren duvar da yenilenmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 tamir s\u0131ras\u0131nda duvar ve tonozlarda mevcut olan mozaiklerin hepsinin \u00fczerleri a\u00e7\u0131larak bunlar\u0131n Fossati ile o s\u0131rada \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan Alman W. Salzenberg taraf\u0131ndan resimleri \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-967970943\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Ayasofya, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1894 depreminde Ayasofya da zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, duvarlar\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00e7atlaklar belirmi\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck mozaik sat\u0131hlar\u0131 s\u0131va ile birlikte d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Me\u015frutiyet y\u0131llar\u0131nda Marangoni, Jackson, Propper, Prost gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 mimarlara durumu incelettirilen ve hatta mimar Kem\u00e2leddin Bey nezaretinde tamir i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara giri\u015filen Ayasofya, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda (1926) ufak bir tamir ve takviye g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Son y\u0131llarda, esas\u0131 F\u00e2tih Sultan Mehmed taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lmakla beraber sonralar\u0131 \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015ftirilen ve 1934\u2019te y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lan medresenin arsas\u0131 temizlenerek temelleri meydana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ayasofya 24 Ekim 1934\u2019te camilikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p M\u00fczeler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arada sebepsiz olarak medrese y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi i\u00e7eride bulunan ve camiye ait olan \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u015fya ile hal\u0131lar ve levhalar da kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan b\u00fcy\u00fck levhalar daha sonra tekrar yerlerine as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131l T\u00fcrk eseri olarak hizmet eden bu caminin e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Cami kapat\u0131l\u0131nca,\u00a0<strong>hal\u0131lar\u0131 kesilerek<\/strong>\u00a0sa\u011fa sola da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<strong>\u015eamdanlar\u0131 eritilmek \u00fczere<\/strong>\u00a0d\u00f6k\u00fcmhaneye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.\u00a0<strong>Levhalar<\/strong>\u00a0ise \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamay\u0131p\u00a0<strong>depoya<\/strong>\u00a0kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar Adnan Menderes devrinde tekrar as\u0131ld\u0131. Caminin yan\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul\u2019da\u00a0<strong>Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n ilk \u00fcniversitesi<\/strong>\u00a0olan\u00a0<strong>Ayasofya Medresesi<\/strong>\u00a0de y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ayasofya Camii, 11 as\u0131r kilise,\u00a0<strong>5 as\u0131r cami<\/strong>\u00a0olarak hizmet verdikten sonra, Bizans mozaikleri u\u011fruna\u00a01934\u2019de<strong>\u00a0s\u0131hhati h\u00e2l\u00e2 m\u00fcnaka\u015fa mevzuu\u00a0<\/strong>bir bakanlar kurulu kararnamesi\u00a0ile m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ard\u0131ndan da ibadete kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2472188372\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kararname \u201cEtraf\u0131ndaki\u00a0<strong>vak\u0131flara ait binalar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131larak temizlettirilmesi<\/strong>\u00a0ve di\u011fer binalar\u0131n istiml\u00e2k, y\u0131kma ve binan\u0131n tamir ve muhafazas\u0131 masraflar\u0131 Maarif vekilli\u011fince verilmek \u00fczere\u00a0<strong>Ayasofya Camii\u2019nin m\u00fczeye \u00e7evrilmesi<\/strong>\u00a0tasvip ve kabul olunmu\u015ftur\u201d diyor. Sonradan\u00a0<strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0kurulunca, m\u00fczeler buraya ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ayasofya m\u00fcze haline geldikten sonra ilk defa 8 A\u011fustos 1980 tarihinde h\u00fcnk\u00e2r mahfili ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra (14 Eyl\u00fcl 1980) restorasyon gerek\u00e7esiyle tekrar kapat\u0131lan h\u00fcnk\u00e2r mahfili 10 \u015eubat 1991\u2019de yeniden namaz k\u0131lmaya tahsis edilmi\u015f ve Ayasofya k\u0131smen de olsa cami olarak hizmet vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Cami oldu\u011fu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Ayasofya, ramazan aylar\u0131nda bilhassa teravih namaz\u0131nda \u00e7ok kalabal\u0131k bir cemaatin toplanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n verir ve padi\u015fah\u0131n da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kadir geceleriyle bayram namazlar\u0131nda muhte\u015fem bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f arz-ederdi. Bu da T\u00fcrkler\u2019in buray\u0131 ne derecede benimsemi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131n delilidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Temmuz ay\u0131nda<\/strong>\u00a0Ayasofya M\u00fczesi\u2019nde d\u00fczenlenen Kadir Gecesi program\u0131nda aradan ge\u00e7en 85 y\u0131ldan sonra\u00a0<strong>ilk defa sabah namaz\u0131 ezan\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0okundu.<\/p>\n<p>Ayasofya tarihi boyunca\u00a0<strong>hem kilise, hem cami hem de m\u00fcze<\/strong>\u00a0oldu. Bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u0131rka ve iki ayr\u0131 dine ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Ayasofya tarihi ve ihti\u015fam\u0131 ile herkesi b\u00fcy\u00fclemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3066440899\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri ibadete a\u00e7\u0131k ve 5 vakit ezan okunuyor. Caminin m\u00fcft\u00fcl\u00fck taraf\u0131ndan atanan kadrolu imam\u0131 da bulunuyor. Son olarak ise Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesi, Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n camiden m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine dair 24 Kas\u0131m 1934 tarihli Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131n\u0131 iptal etti. B\u00f6ylece Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Fatih Sultan Mehmet \u0130stanbul&#8217;u fethettikten sonra Ayasofya&#8217;n\u0131n ismini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 hakk\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla, bu g\u00fcne kadar gelmesine destek sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olarak camiye \u00e7evrilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Fetihten hemen sonra yap\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilerek en iyi \u015fekilde korunmu\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi ilaveleri ile birlikte cami olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fatih Sultan 1 Haziran 1453 de Ayasofya i\u00e7in bir vak\u0131f kurar ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki vak\u0131f senedini yazd\u0131r\u0131r<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>\u0130\u015fte bu benim Ayasofya Vakfiyem, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kim bu Ayasofya\u2019y\u0131 camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren vakfiyemi de\u011fi\u015ftirirse, bir maddesini tebdil ederse onu iptal veya tedile ko\u015farsa, fasit veya fas\u0131k bir teville veya herhangi bir dalavereyle Ayasofya Camisi\u2019nin vak\u0131f h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rmaya kastederlerse, asl\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir, f\u00fcruuna itiraz eder ve bunlar\u0131 yapanlara yol g\u00f6sterirlerse ve hatta yard\u0131m ederlerse ve kanunsuz olarak onda tasarruf yapmaya kalkarlar, camilikten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar ve sahte evrak d\u00fczenleyerek, m\u00fctevellilik hakk\u0131 gibi \u015feyler ister yahut onu kendi bat\u0131l defterlerine kaydederler veya yalandan kendi hesaplar\u0131na ge\u00e7irirlerse ifade ediyorum ki huzurunuzda, en b\u00fcy\u00fck haram i\u015flemi\u015f ve g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f olurlar. Bu sebeple, bu vakfiyeyi kim de\u011fi\u015ftirirse, Allah\u2019\u0131n, Peygamber\u2019in, meleklerin, b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6neticilerin ve dahi b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ebediyen laneti onun ve onlar\u0131n \u00fczerine olsun, azaplar\u0131 hafiflemesin onlar\u0131n, ha\u015fr g\u00fcn\u00fcnde y\u00fczlerine bak\u0131lmas\u0131n.Kim bunlar\u0131 i\u015fittikten sonra hala bu de\u011fi\u015ftirme i\u015fine devam ederse, g\u00fcnah\u0131 onu de\u011fi\u015ftirene ait olacakt\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131n azab\u0131 onlarad\u0131r. Allah i\u015fitendir, bilendir\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1936 tarihli tapu senedinde Ayasofya Camii&#8217;nin sahibi Ebulfetih Sultan Mehmet Vakf\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 19 Kas\u0131m 1936 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen tapu evrak\u0131nda \u201c<em>57 pafta, 57 ada, 7. parselde, T\u00fcrbe, Akaret, Muvakkithane ve Medreseden olu\u015fan Ayasofya-i Kebir Camii \u015eerifi, Ebulfetih Sultan Mehmet Vakf\u0131 \u00fczerinedir&#8221;<\/em> deniliyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2309100621\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Recep Tayyip ERDO\u011eAN\u2019\u0131n kararl\u0131 ve dik duru\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n maliki ve koruyucusu T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019dir. Y\u0131llard\u0131r mahzun ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa terk edilen, fethin sembol\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fczeye \u00e7evrilmesi hem ecdad\u0131n emanetine sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k, hem hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131, hem de milletin vicdan\u0131n\u0131 yaralayan bir karard\u0131. \u0130badete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye olma yolunda kat etti\u011fi mesafenin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Bu konuda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Recep Tayyip ERDO\u011eAN\u2019\u0131n kararl\u0131 ve dik duru\u015fu, milletin sesi olu\u015fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc takdire \u015fayand\u0131r. Millet olarak minnet bor\u00e7luyuz. Hasret bitmi\u015f, emanet ehline teslim edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fck devlet olma budur. Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler, \u00f6nce kendi tarihlerine baks\u0131nlar, Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u011fmalanan vak\u0131f mallar\u0131n\u0131, camileri ve daha nicelerini sahibine teslim etsinler. Milletimizin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcye sahip olsunlar. Ayasofya \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi ile ger\u00e7ek sahibinin korumas\u0131na girmi\u015f, milletimizin hassasiyeti, bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m\u0131 ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fethin sembol\u00fc ve ecdad\u0131n emanetidir. Fatih Sultan Han\u2019\u0131n vakfiyesidir. \u201cM\u00fclk\u00fcn sahibi m\u00fclk\u00fcnde istedi\u011fi gibi tasarruf eder\u201d\u00a0 ilkesince gere\u011fi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130n\u015fallah 24 Temmuz 2020-Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc liderimiz, ba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Recep Tayyip ERDO\u011eAN\u2019\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile Ayasofya\u2019da y\u0131llar sonra Cuma namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Tarihi bir g\u00fcn olarak evlatlar\u0131m\u0131z anacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\nRabbime bug\u00fcnleri g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in hamdediyorum.<\/p>\n<p>Hepinizi Allah\u2019a emanete diyorum.<br \/>\nOrdu\u2019dan sevgi-sayg\u0131 ve selamlar\u0131m\u0131 iletiyorum.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-797903696\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK D\u00fczce \u0130l Milli E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Maarif M\u00fcfetti\u015fi, E\u011fitimci Yazar Ayasofya, \u0130stanbul\u2019un en \u00f6nemli simgelerinden biri. 1500 y\u0131l boyunca ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faran bu ba\u015fyap\u0131t,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":31811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/nevzat-hoca-r.jpg?fit=640%2C640&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-cuN","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48037\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}