{"id":42543,"date":"2019-12-07T13:06:43","date_gmt":"2019-12-07T10:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=42543"},"modified":"2019-12-07T17:32:23","modified_gmt":"2019-12-07T14:32:23","slug":"ataturk-ve-bulgaristan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/ataturk-ve-bulgaristan\/","title":{"rendered":"Atat\u00fcrk ve Bulgaristan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Yazan: <\/strong>Prof. Dr. Hayriye S\u00fcleymano\u011flu Yenisoy<\/p>\n<p>Mustafa Kemal, Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131ndan hemen sonra T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin Sofya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi&#8217;nde asker\u00ee ata\u015fe g\u00f6revinde bulunmu\u015f ve daha o zamanki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle Bulgar ayd\u0131n \u00e7evrelerinin dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131yla da s\u0131k\u0131 temasta bulunarak, T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorunlar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n parlak zaferi, Bulgar kamuoyunun dikkatini yeni T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti \u00fczerine y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. Bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131, entelekt\u00fcel \u00e7evreler, Mustafa Kemal&#8217;e ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekte oldu\u011fu k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fikliklere hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gizlemiyor ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda da bunu dile getiriyorlard\u0131. Sofya \u00dcniversitesi ve \u00f6zellikle Balkan Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc veya \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00dcniversite ad\u0131yla da bilinen bu bilim merkezinde T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki reformlar pop\u00fclarize edilmekteydi. \u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri ve akademi kurumlar\u0131ndaki bilim adamlar\u0131, sistemli olarak Atat\u00fcrk devrimlerini, Bulgaristan&#8217;la T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ara\u015ft\u0131rmakta ve ayd\u0131nlatmaktad\u0131rlar. \u00dcnl\u00fc Bulgar bilgini St. S. Bob\u00e7ev, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti hakk\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok yaz\u0131lar yazanlar\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. S. Bob\u00e7ev, T\u00fcrk-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131ndan (1877-1878) \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019da lise \u00f6\u011frenimi, yine burada T\u0131p Akademisine devam etmi\u015ftir. Daha sonralar\u0131 Rusya&#8217;ya iltica eder ve orada hukuk bitirir. Bulgaristan hukuk bilimleri tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yer alan \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi ve Bulgar Bilimler Akademisi \u00fcyesi S. Bob\u00e7ev, Adalet Bakan\u0131, E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 g\u00f6revlerinde de bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, T\u00fcrk dili, T\u00fcrk tarihi ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgi sahibi olan S. Bob\u00e7ev, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin yeni Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez Bulgarcaya \u00e7evirmi\u015f, dergilerde Kemalist T\u00fcrkiyesi&#8217;ndeki reformlarla ilgili bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131lar yazarak, yorumlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti hakk\u0131nda: <em>&#8220;T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti,&#8230; her y\u00f6nl\u00fc yenili\u011fe do\u011fru gen\u00e7lik ad\u0131mlar\u0131yla ilerlemektedir. Avrupa standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yenile\u015fmekte olan T\u00fcrkiye, Asyal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f belirtilerinden vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir&#8221;, diye yazmaktad\u0131r. (S. S. Bob\u00e7ev, Kak, Koga i za\u015fto premahnaha v Turtsiya Sultanata i Halifata, V: &#8220;Nau\u00e7en pregled&#8221;, God. I, kn. 1, 1929, str. 3&#8230;). <\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Bob\u00e7ev, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim alan\u0131ndaki reformlar\u0131n \u00f6nemi \u00fczerinde durmu\u015f, L\u00e2tin esas\u0131na dayanan yeni T\u00fcrk alfabesinin kabul edilmesinin yarataca\u011f\u0131 kolayl\u0131klara y\u00fcksek de\u011fer vermi\u015ftir: <em>&#8220;Ba\u015far\u0131labilece\u011fine hi\u00e7 kimsenin inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey, yani 2-3 y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda Arap alfabesiyle varolan edebiyat-din\u00ee, bilimsel, yasal, yarg\u0131lama, s\u0131rf edeb\u00ee, nesir ve naz\u0131m eserlerinin L\u00e2tin alfabesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeni eserlerle de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilinece\u011fi, bu bir mucize oldu&#8221; <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>demi\u015ftir. <em>(S. Bob\u00e7ev, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin Reformlar \u00d6zlemi ve Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131, &#8220;Nau\u00e7en pregled&#8221;, Y\u0131l IV, 1932, sf.: 24-38). <\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-59193365\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda S. Bob\u00e7ev, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu ve T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00fcksek de\u011fer vererek, k\u00fclt\u00fcr reformlar\u0131yla ilgili \u015funu yazmaktad\u0131r: <em>&#8220;Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa&#8217;n\u0131n bu reformu \u015fununla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ki, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00e7i\u011fneyerek ve efsaneleri atarak uzaklara bakan, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ilerleyi\u015fi amac\u0131yla sa\u011flam bir esasa yaslanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r&#8221;. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bilgin, devamla \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Kemal Pa\u015fa&#8217;n\u0131n olmayaca\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda, davas\u0131n\u0131n buhran ge\u00e7irece\u011fi korkusu yoktur. Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in -yabanc\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk- d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131, Gazi M. Kemal&#8217;in kurdu\u011fu ulu binan\u0131n, kendisinin y\u00f6netimin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemeleri bo\u015funad\u0131r. Eski T\u00fcrkiye ortadan kalkt\u0131, eski T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6ld\u00fc. Yeni T\u00fcrkiye de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez, reddedilemez bir ger\u00e7ektir. Geri d\u00f6nmek yoktur. Hep ileri gidilecektir. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de bir\u00e7ok \u015feyler de\u011fi\u015febilir. \u00d6zel ya\u015fam\u0131 derin bir surette etkileyen baz\u0131 reformlar yeni bir bi\u00e7im alabilir ve hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilebilinir. Fakat b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal reformlar, kad\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r, \u015feriat etkisinin, sultanl\u0131k idaresinin, Arap alfabesinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 vb. b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar geri d\u00f6nmeksizin \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yeniden do\u011fmu\u015f yeni T\u00fcrkiye, kurucusu ve yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi esasl\u0131 i\u00e7erik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda kalacakt\u0131r. Hep ileri ve ileri gidilecektir&#8221;. (S. Bob\u00e7ev, Ayn\u0131 eser, sf.: 17). <\/em><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk Mill\u00ee Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk reformlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda eserler yazm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka bir Bulgar bilgini de \u0130van Georgiev Alt\u0131nov&#8217;dur. Sofya \u00dcniversitesinde hukuk profes\u00f6r\u00fc, Bulgar Bilimler Akademisi \u00fcyesi olan \u0130v. Alt\u0131nov, <em>&#8220;Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131n \u00c7\u0131karlar\u0131 G\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde Bulundurularak Do\u011fu Sorunu ve Yeni T\u00fcrkiye&#8221; (Sofya, 1926) adl\u0131 monografIk ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda \u00f6zel olarak Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in ki\u015fili\u011fini, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n Mill\u00ee Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda yerini ve etkisini incelemi\u015f ve \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: &#8220;\u00d6zg\u00fc niteli\u011finden ba\u015fka, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki ulusal faaliyet, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kurucusu olan Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in ki\u015fili\u011finin tamamen n\u00fcfuzu alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ki\u015finin tarihte etkisini arayanlar i\u00e7in, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya etraf d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkilemek y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yeni \u00e7a\u011flarda, Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa&#8217;n\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011finin do\u011fudaki etkisinden daha tipik bir olay varoldu\u011funu sanmam. Onun simas\u0131, Anadolu&#8217;da do\u011fan mill\u00ee faaliyeti tamamen canland\u0131rmakt\u0131r&#8230;.. Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in T\u00fcrkiye Tarihi ve Do\u011fu Sorununun geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in ulu fig\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131n yol g\u00f6sterici y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkentten uzak, Anadolu&#8217;nun karanl\u0131klar\u0131nda g\u00f6ren ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede, uyan\u0131k bilincin parlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aramak gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir kez Hil\u00e2fet&#8217;in merkezinden indirilen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc darbelerden uzak Anadolu enginliklerine aktar\u0131lan \u00f6z kalbin nabz\u0131na \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131n yurtsever o\u011fullar\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131na ve Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmaya gecikmezler. O zaman ulusal yavru tehlike d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>G\u00fcvenilir ellere teslim edilip onun \u015ferefli gelene\u011fi zaman\u0131n i\u015faretiyle belirlenmi\u015ftir\u201d. (\u0130v. Alt\u0131nov, Ayn\u0131 eser, sf: 166). <\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2576387942\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan s\u00f6z konusu monografik eserinin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u0130v. Alt\u0131nov, Mustafa Kemal&#8217;in \u00f6teki reformlar\u0131na yer vermekte ve \u00f6zellikle medreselerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, Hil\u00e2fet&#8217;in kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Petro ile, onun tutucu, din\u00ee gericilikle sava\u015f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r: <em>&#8220;T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fck Petro gibi, karanl\u0131klar\u0131n perdesini y\u0131rtt\u0131 ve buyruklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkeye duyurdu. Birka\u00e7 saat i\u00e7erisinde tam \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l s\u00fcresince reformlar alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n hepsini ge\u00e7en kararlar al\u0131nd\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerinde son b\u00fcy\u00fck olay da tamamlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u201d. (\u0130v. Alt\u0131nov, Ayn\u0131 eser, sf.: 431-432). <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130v. Alt\u0131nov, T\u00fcrk Mill\u00ee Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131, Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn yetenekli b\u00fcy\u00fck kumandan olmas\u0131n\u0131, yeni T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen k\u00f6kl\u00fc reformlar\u0131 i\u015fte b\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Sofya \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Profes\u00f6r\u00fc, Bulgar Bilimler Akademisi \u00fcyesi olan Petko Hristov Stoyanov (1879-1974) da T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;ndeki reformlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tarih\u00ee olay olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. <em>Bulgar-T\u00fcrk Dostluk Cemiyeti<\/em>&#8216;nin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015f bilgin, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ticar\u00ee, iktisad\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkilere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni T\u00fcrk alfabesiyle haz\u0131rlanan &#8220;T\u00fcrk\u00e7e-Bulgarca S\u00f6zl\u00fck&#8221;e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6ns\u00f6z&#8217;de vurgulayarak \u015funu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;T\u00fcrklerin kom\u015fular\u0131ndan biz, Bulgarlardan daha \u00e7ok kimse T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi bilmez ve T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi tan\u0131maz. Ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak dillerini \u00f6\u011frenmekle biz, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve iktisad\u00ee \u00f6nemi olan bir dava uygulamaktay\u0131z&#8221; (P. Stoyanov, \u00d6ns\u00f6z. \u0130smail Sabri, M. Hazimov, &#8220;Yeni T\u00fcrk\u00e7e-Bulgarca S\u00f6zl\u00fck&#8221;, 2. Bask\u0131, Varna, 1940, sf.: 5). <\/em><\/p>\n<p>1938&#8217;de XXIV. Ola\u011fan Millet Meclisi&#8217;nin toplant\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman din\u00ee mahkemelerinin yetenekleri yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla P. Stoyanov&#8217;un s\u00f6ylevi \u00e7ok ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Dinleyicilere hitap ederek P. Stoyanov \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: <em>&#8220;B.B. Milletvekilleri sayg\u0131 ve iyi niyet g\u00f6stererek \u015funu itiraf etmeliyiz ki, son 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler kaydetti&#8230; Biz, T\u00fcrk milletinin ve Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nin \u015fahs\u0131nda -tekrar ediyorum- tarihin, gericilik olarak, b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015feyden \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir millet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131z. Ger\u00e7i tarihsel art\u0131klar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in -\u00e7o\u011fu zaman- de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6ntemler uygulanm\u0131\u015f ve uygulanmaktad\u0131r; fakat uluslararas\u0131 rekabetler, birbiriyle yar\u0131\u015flar ve b\u00f6lge taksimat\u0131 alan\u0131 olan, 15 milyondan fazla n\u00fcfusu bulunan bir \u00fclkede, ulusal k\u00f6stek ve engel olan her \u015feyi ortadan kald\u0131rman\u0131n kolay bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek gerekir. Bu ulusal birli\u011fe ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok araca ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk milletinin, ger\u00e7ekten de \u00fclkeyi y\u00fckselterek bug\u00fcn Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu&#8217;da, T\u00fcrk devletinin \u015fahs\u0131nda, en modern ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zverilere haz\u0131r, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ilerleyi\u015fin temsilcili\u011fini yapan y\u00f6neticilerin idealizmini tan\u0131mak gerekir&#8221; (P. Stoyanov, <\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-1157251605\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>S\u00f6ylev, XXIV. Ola\u011fan Millet Meclisi 1938 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 1. D\u00f6nemin Stenograf G\u00fcnl\u00fckleri, C. II, sf.: 613). <\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Stoyanov, yeni T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nde eski teokratik sistemin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve l\u00e2ik bir devletin kurulmas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>&#8220;Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk devleti l\u00e2ik bir cumhuriyettir. T\u00fcrk devletinin Orta\u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n ve \u0130sl\u00e2mizmin zorla kabul ettirdi\u011fi her \u015feyden kurtuldu\u011fu l\u00e2ik bir cumhuriyet haline geldi\u011fi bug\u00fcn bizim ili\u015fkilerimiz a\u00e7\u0131k, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir esasa konulmu\u015ftur. Ben iddia ediyorum ki, benim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimi kimse \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctemez&#8221; (P. Stoyanov, Ayn\u0131 S\u00f6ylev, sf.: 613). <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hukuk Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Stefan Gavrilov Balamezov (1883-1960) da uzun zaman Sofya \u00dcniversitesinin Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapm\u0131\u015f, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Mezhepler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve bir\u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde Bulgar B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7iliklerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, uluslararas\u0131 konferanslara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fc bir Bulgar bilginidir. St. Balamezov&#8217;un Balkanlar ve T\u00fcrkiye ile ilgili yaz\u0131lar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7tir. Bunlarda Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn ki\u015fili\u011fini, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ele almakta ve olumlu de\u011ferlendirmektedir <em>(St. Balamezov, &#8220;T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de Durum&#8221;, &#8220;Otets Paisiy&#8221; Dergisi, Say\u0131: 15-16, 1930, sf. 248-149). <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn ki\u015fili\u011fi ile ilgili konularda Dr. A. Nedelkov, Balkanlar ve T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131nda Dr. G. P. Genov gibi bir\u00e7ok Bulgar bilgini yaz\u0131lar yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Radikal reformlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekte olan kom\u015fu T\u00fcrkiye hakk\u0131nda yirmili ve otuzlu y\u0131llarda Bulgar bas\u0131n\u0131nda olumlu yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. St. .Stoyanov, &#8220;Sila&#8221; dergisinin d\u0131\u015f politika s\u00fctunlar\u0131nda &#8220;Balkanlar&#8221; adl\u0131 makalesinde T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin bir Balkanlar g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak geli\u015fmekte oldu\u011funu ve T\u00fcrklerle Bulgarlar\u0131 ay\u0131racak, uzakla\u015ft\u0131racak \u00f6zel sorunlar\u0131n<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1038171138\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r <em>(St. Stoyanov, &#8220;Na Balkanite&#8221;, sp. &#8220;Sila&#8221;, br. 13, 1923, str. 189). <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130ki D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Bulgar bas\u0131n\u0131nda, genellikle <em>&#8220;U\u00e7itelska mis\u0131l&#8221;<\/em>, <em>&#8220;Rodna re\u00e7&#8221;<\/em>, <em>&#8220;\u0130zvestiya na Narodniya etnografski muzey&#8221; <\/em>vb. yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda her \u015feyden \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki yeni e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimin geli\u015fmesiyle ilgili bir dizi yaz\u0131lar bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine olumlu bir ruhta <em>&#8220;\u00c7itali\u015fte&#8221; <\/em>dergisi de Arap alfabesinden vazge\u00e7ilerek, L\u00e2tin alfabesi esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 yeni T\u00fcrk alfabesine ge\u00e7ilmesini belirterek, en \u00f6nemli olan yan\u0131 \u015fudur ki, <em>&#8220;sadece birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler yeni harflerle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eserlerle doldu&#8221;<\/em>, diye yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131 devriminin zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek Bulgar ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin memurlar\u0131, g\u00f6revlileri, \u00f6\u011fretmenleri vb. z\u00fcmreleri \u00f6zel kurslardan ge\u00e7irmesini, yeni e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerinin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 olarak nitelendirmektedirler <em>(D. Vasilev, Biblioteki i \u00e7itali\u015fta v nova Turtsiya, sp. &#8220;\u00c7itali\u015fte&#8221;, God. XL, kn. 3-4, 1932, str., 125- 126). <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Prof. Gatolov, \u0130nk\u0131lap, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin m\u00fcstakil k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmesine geni\u015f enginler a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda yaz\u0131 dilinin de mill\u00ee demokratik esasa dayanarak geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk dilinin zenginli\u011finden yararlanarak, T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131 dili son zamanda canland\u0131, tazele\u015fti ve daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dil oldu, demektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Prof. Gatolov, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimin din\u00ee kurumlardan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neminden bahsetmektedir. Din\u00ee e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 tutuculu\u011fun, gericili\u011fin birer oca\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermekte ve ruhan\u00ee z\u00fcmrenin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, yenili\u011fin, mill\u00ee e\u011fitimin l\u00e2ikle\u015fmesinin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 kesildi\u011fini vurgulayarak, T\u00fcrk devletinin bu u\u011furda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 reformlar\u0131 \u00e7ok olumlu bulmaktad\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 okullar\u0131n da imtiyazlar\u0131na son verilerek, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7irildiklerini takdirIe kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r <em>(Prof. Gatolov, S\u0131vremenna Turtsiya. V: sp. &#8220;Nau\u00e7en pregled&#8221;, 1938, No: 1, sf.: 40-42). <\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-1234862162\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>St. Bob\u00e7ev, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131da H\u0131ristiyanlar, yerli ve yabanc\u0131, sadece konu\u015fma dilini bilenler, \u015fimdi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitaplar\u0131, dergileri, gazeteleri okumaktad\u0131rlar, diye yazmaktad\u0131r <em>(St. Bob\u00e7ev, V Hova Turtsiya. &#8220;Nau\u00e7en pregled&#8221;, 1929, No 3, str. 247-260). <\/em><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk dilinin yabanc\u0131 unsurlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda dilci olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde, ancak T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde bilen, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131ndaki yenilikleri destekleyen St. Bob\u00e7ev, T\u00fcrk dilinin esas s\u00f6z varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131 olmu\u015f Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a kelimelerin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden at\u0131lmas\u0131nda fazla ileri gidildi\u011fini: &#8220;\u0130tiraf edilmelidir ki, bu \u00e7abalarda galiba a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klara gidilmektedir&#8221; c\u00fcmlesiyle bu konuda kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle, Birinci ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Mill\u00ee Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, yeni T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen radikal reformlar, Bulgar ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, Bulgar bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n esas konular\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve bu kom\u015fu \u00fclke hakk\u0131nda Bulgar kamuoyuna, Bulgar toplumuna devaml\u0131 bilgi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekte olan k\u00fclt\u00fcr reformlar\u0131 Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn devrimci at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m izleyen Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, hi\u00e7 gecikmeden daha 1928\/29 ders y\u0131l\u0131nda L\u00e2tin esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 yeni T\u00fcrk alfabesiyle \u00f6zel stat\u00fcde bulunan T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131nda e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretime ge\u00e7ilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Okullarda ve okuma evlerinde kurslar a\u00e7\u0131larak kad\u0131n\u0131, erke\u011fi, ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131, genci b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n da yeni harfleri \u00f6\u011frenmesi i\u00e7in geni\u015f \u00e7apta bir faaliyet ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00fclt\u00fcr dernekleri ve spor kl\u00fcpleri kuruldu. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyor, haklar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yorlard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nin kuruldu\u011fu ilk y\u0131llarda Bulgaristan&#8217;da l\u00e2ik T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 l700&#8217;\u00fcn \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, bir hayli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitab\u0131 bas\u0131ld\u0131. Yeni a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu (1918-1928) ve N\u00fcvvap Okulu (1922-1947) ilk mezunlar\u0131n\u0131 vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin tek ve \u00e7ok<\/p>\n<p>\u00f6nemli bir kurumu olan T\u00fcrk \u00d6\u011fretmenler Birli\u011fi, Atat\u00fcrk ilkelerine dayanarak Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin l\u00e2ik e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ilgili kararlar al\u0131yor, bu kararlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken \u00e7aba harcan\u0131yordu. <em>Turan Gen\u00e7lik Birli\u011fi <\/em>de kuruldu ve k\u0131sa bir zamanda b\u00fct\u00fcn Bulgaristan \u00e7ap\u0131nda T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7leri kitle h\u00e2linde <em>Turan <\/em>\u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00fcye oluyor, g\u00f6steriler, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve spor yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczenleniyordu. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 <em>Turan <\/em>adl\u0131 gazete de gen\u00e7lerin bu faaliyetlerini yaymakta ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr geli\u015fmelerinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynuyordu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3249871734\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131kan gazete ve dergilerin say\u0131s\u0131nda da bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bunlar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu yeni harflerle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;ndeki k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmeleri destekleyen yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131mlan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrklerin b\u00fct\u00fcn bu faaliyetleri Bulgar yasalar\u0131na uygun bir bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ancak T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndaki bu kalk\u0131nma Bulgar makamlar\u0131n\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu olumlu geli\u015fmeler \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fclerek yirmilerin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Bulgar makamlar\u0131nca k\u0131s\u0131tlanmaya ge\u00e7ildi, 1934 y\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet darbesinden sonra da T\u00fcrklerin karanl\u0131k g\u00fcnleri ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131 kapat\u0131lmaya veya Bulgar okuluna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bas\u0131n yasakland\u0131. T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan da birler \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, birleri s\u00fcrg\u00fcne veya hapse g\u00f6nderildi, bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 da Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc, Pant\u00fcrkist diye T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye g\u00f6\u00e7e zorland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla sona ermesi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nin kurucusu Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn ki\u015fili\u011fini, e\u011fitim, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel vb. alanda yap\u0131lan k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ve elde edilen b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n Bulgar ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve Bulgar halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 elbette do\u011fald\u0131r. Bulgar halk\u0131na bu hususta bilgi veren ve reformlar\u0131 olumlu de-\u011ferlendiren Bulgar ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan bir\u00e7o\u011fu, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde Bulgaristan devlet kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda, Bulgar Millet Meclisinde milletvekili, baz\u0131lar\u0131 Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinde, Bakanl\u0131klarda g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015f, Bulgaristan politikas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirilmesinde s\u00f6z sahibi olmu\u015f devlet adamlar\u0131yd\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkiye ile Bulgaristan aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemin Bulgar devlet y\u00f6neticileri, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;deki yenilikleri alk\u0131\u015flayanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, yukar\u0131da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7enler de dahil, kendi \u00fclkelerindeki T\u00fcrkleri Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiyesi&#8217;nin reformlar\u0131ndan uzak tutmak, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fc cahil b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in canla ba\u015fla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk ayd\u0131nlar\u0131na karanl\u0131k g\u00fcnler ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2981124029\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yazan: Prof. Dr. Hayriye S\u00fcleymano\u011flu Yenisoy Mustafa Kemal, Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131ndan hemen sonra T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin Sofya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi&#8217;nde asker\u00ee ata\u015fe g\u00f6revinde bulunmu\u015f ve daha o zamanki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle Bulgar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":21816,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/hayriye-suleymano%C4%9Flu.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-b4b","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42543\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}