{"id":41536,"date":"2019-10-23T11:11:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-23T08:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=41536"},"modified":"2019-10-23T17:06:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-23T14:06:29","slug":"guya-yeniden-dogus-soya-donus-adli-asimilasyon-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/guya-yeniden-dogus-soya-donus-adli-asimilasyon-1\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcya \u201cYeniden Do\u011fu\u015f\/Soya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d Adl\u0131 Asimilasyon (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Tarih: 24 Temmuz 2019<br \/>\nYazan: Stefan DE\u00c7EV \/ \u201cKultura\u201d (K\u00fclt\u00fcr) gazetesi\/ Sofya, Bulgaristan, yay\u0131n tarihi 23.07.2019<br \/>\nTerc\u00fcme: BGSAM<br \/>\nKonu: <strong>Sahtelikler,\u00a0 tarih bilim, zul\u00fcm ve bilimdeki \u201cayr\u0131l\u0131k\u201d zamanlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">G\u00fcya \u201cYeniden Do\u011fu\u015f\/Soya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d Adl\u0131 Asimilasyon<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Projesine Kadar Bulgar Tarih Bilim (1)<\/strong><strong> \/1\/<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bg-tarh.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Uygulanan yakla\u015f\u0131m bilimsel olarak yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131da tarihsel belge ve malzeme ile \u00e7eli\u015fki halindedir. Olaylar\u0131n bu \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 Bulgar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in inciticidir \u2013 onlar bu filmde soylar\u0131ndan d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f insanlar olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tarih\u00e7i Pet\u0131r Petrov. An\u0131lar, 2012<\/p>\n<p>2015\u2019in Temmuz ay\u0131nda, 1984-1985 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrklerin isimlerinin zor kullan\u0131larak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden tam 30 y\u0131l sonra, \u201cAYRILIK ZAMANI\u201d\u00a0 Bulgar Milli Televizyonu (BNT) seyircileri taraf\u0131ndan \u201c<strong>t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n filmi<\/strong>\u201d se\u00e7ildi. Bu film, yazar <strong>Anton Don\u00e7ev<\/strong>\u2019in ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 roman\u0131na yap\u0131mc\u0131 L\u00fcdmil Staykov taraf\u0131ndan uyarland\u0131. Bu romanla ilgili, bu film \u00fcst\u00fcne, eserin verdi\u011fi mesajlar ve oyuncular\u0131n ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda ne dersek diyelim, bu roman ve filmin, Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ve T\u00fcrklerin asimile edilmesini ama\u00e7layan y\u00fczde y\u00fcz propaganda ve politik gerek\u00e7elerle \u00e7ekilmi\u015f Todor Jivkov rejimi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen politik kampanyan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu hissinden asla kurtulamay\u0131z. <strong>Roman ve film, XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sahte olduklar\u0131 uzun bir zaman \u00f6nce kan\u0131tlanan efsanelere dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>. Bunlar, o zaman y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kilise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve as\u0131rlar \u00f6nce H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan \u0130slam\u2019a dinsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in uygulanan bask\u0131lara a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmek i\u00e7in anlat\u0131lanlarla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yazar Anton Don\u00e7ev ve onun roman\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan senaryoyu filmle\u015ftirenler, profesyonel tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan metinlere ve onlar\u0131n telkinine de dayand\u0131r\u0131labilirdi. Ve film folklor, seyyah notlar\u0131, efsaneler v.b. ku\u015fkulu kaynaklara dayand\u0131r\u0131lmadan da \u00e7ekilebilirdi. \u015eu da var, meslekten tarih\u00e7ilerin telkinleri okullarda okutulan ders kitaplar\u0131na temel olurken, \u201c<strong>zor kullan\u0131larak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n<\/strong>\u201d sahte tarihindeki as\u0131ls\u0131z delilerin etkisini kat kat b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcyor. Yarat\u0131lan duyumsal tablo \u201cT\u00fcrk Esareti\u201d tasavvuruna uydurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fundan, baz\u0131 meslekten tarih\u00e7ilerin \u2013 baz\u0131 yerde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, kimi defa da \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 \u2013gayretlerle Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu tablosu renklerine uyulmama \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 nerdeyse ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa itiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, \u201c<strong>Bulgarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayak alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na<\/strong>\u201d ili\u015fkin medya taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yo\u011fun telkin ve \u201c<strong>ulusal kimli\u011fimizin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong>\u201d ile ilgili iddialar sonucu 2016 y ba\u015f\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakan Boyko Borisov o g\u00fcnk\u00fc E\u011fitim ve \u00d6\u011fretim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eriydi. Kamuoyunda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmadan, \u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmas\u0131na asla yol verilmemesi gere\u011fi \u00fczerinde uzun uzun konu\u015fuldu. \u00d6zellikle ve 2. ve 6. S\u0131n\u0131f ders programlar\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015fti. Medya, Payisiy Hilendarski\u2019nin \u201c<strong>\u0130slav Bulgar Tarihi<\/strong>\u201d ile \u201c<strong>esaret<\/strong>\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n programdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve art\u0131k \u201c<strong>yan yana var olma<\/strong>\u201d terimi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fini herkese duyurdu.\u00a0 Bu konuda daha sonra yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda \u201c<strong>yan yana var olma<\/strong>\u201d n\u0131n ancak bir yerde ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, iddia edilenlerin as\u0131ls\u0131z oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylense de diki\u015f tutmad\u0131. Borisov ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin selameti ad\u0131na, Bakan Tanev g\u00f6revinden \u00e7ekildi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2388149369\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Yazar Anton Don\u00e7ev\u2019in roman\u0131 ile (yap\u0131mc\u0131 L\u00fcdmil Stoyanov\u2019un \u00e7ekti\u011fi filmin), dayanak noktas\u0131 Pazarc\u0131k\u2019\u0131n (Tatar Pazarc\u0131k) \u201d<strong>Korova<\/strong>\u201d k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0iddia eden, <strong>Papaz Metodi Draginov\u2019un, Stefan Zahariev taraf\u0131ndan<\/strong> 1870\u2019te Viyana\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan bir \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu her kes\u00e7e iyi bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. (1) Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde XVII y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u201c<strong>\u00c7epino<\/strong>\u201d vadisi n\u00fcfusunun zorla \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, evde ocak ba\u015f\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 birka\u00e7 anlat\u0131m, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019a zorla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin ve \u00a0tek hamlede, toluca kabul edi\u015finin hik\u00e2yesidir. Bu efsaneye, Pazarc\u0131k \u201cSv.Pet\u0131r\u201d manast\u0131r\u0131 \u201cBarkun\u201d hikayesi ve \u201cBelov Kroni\u011fi\u201d\u00a0 de eklenebilir. Antonina Jelyaskova gibi yazarlar bu 3 hik\u00e2yenin \u201c<strong>kaynak dokusunun ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu<\/strong>\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmu\u015ftur. (2) Daha \u00e7ekingen olan Mariya Todorova, benzerliklerine ra\u011fmen \u201cbu \u00fc\u00e7 hik\u00e2yede gene-lojik ba\u011f\u201d\u0131n saptanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131yor. (3)<\/p>\n<p>Bu olaylarla ilgili yukar\u0131da i\u015faret edilenler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir efsane dava dola\u015f\u0131yor. Bu da, \u201c<strong>Rodop Bulgarlar\u2019\u0131n\u0131n ate\u015f ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la<\/strong>\u201d \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u201cTarihin Not Defteri\u201d adl\u0131 bir kaynakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>(4) Edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 Bayan Albena Hranova\u2019ya g\u00f6re, Metodi Draginov\u2019un Viyana\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 efsane, Anton Don\u00e7ev taraf\u0131ndan roman kahramanl\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en s\u00f6yle\u015filer arac\u0131l\u0131yla esere b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle monte edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, bu anlat\u0131m \u015faibelidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc anlat\u0131lan olaylar sorumluluk y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr, \u00fcst\u00fcne s.o. \u201czorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d konusunda bize XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda eri\u015fen 4 efsaneden yaln\u0131z birisi \u2013 <strong>Belov efsanesi<\/strong> &#8211; \u00a0s\u00f6zde XVII. as\u0131rda geli\u015fen olaylar\u0131 bizzat kendi g\u00f6zleriyle g\u00f6ren bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan anlat\u0131l<strong>ma<\/strong>m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(6)<\/p>\n<p>Bu vesileyle ben \u015fimdi sizlere, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n zorla dayat\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olan, tarih biliminin ve onun XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131klar\u0131yla m\u00fccadelede \u00e7ok yoku\u015flu yolunu anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Bilimin, g\u00fcvenli olmayan bu kaynaklarla, onlar\u0131 ba\u015fka kaynaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak, zorla \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma tasavvurunu bi\u00e7imlendirmeye belirli ama\u00e7lar g\u00fcderek nas\u0131l katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu i\u015flere sundu\u011fu tamamen bilin\u00e7li katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 profesyonel yakla\u015f\u0131mla izlemek istiyorum. Ayr\u0131ca bu konuyla ve politik iktidarla didi\u015fen tarih\u00e7i \u00e7evrelerden \u00e7\u0131kan yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Bulgar tarih\u00e7ilerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fim ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131; daha \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 konum al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dayatmalar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n etkili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; anlat\u0131lan efsanelerin politik bask\u0131lar\u0131n bir sonucu oldu\u011funu, hatta sipari\u015f edilmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131; bunlar\u0131n tarih\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki ortak de\u011fer anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n eseri olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tek bir tarih\u00e7inin mi yoksa bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u201cBulgar tarih biliminin\u201d mi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funa \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmak istiyorum. Dahas\u0131 da var. Bulgar kitle bilincinde ku\u015fkusuz travmal\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelebilmek, ayr\u0131ca belirli bir bilimsel otantiklik korumak, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir de politik konjonkt\u00fcr (toplu durum) ve bask\u0131ya maruz kalmamak, \u00f6te yandan da folklordan kaynaklanan, cezaland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bilincin h\u0131\u015fm\u0131na u\u011framamak i\u00e7in tarih\u00e7ilerin se\u00e7ti\u011fi strateji nedir?<\/p>\n<p>Ben kronolojik bir dizimle 1950 \u2018li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonundan ba\u015flamak ve tamamen \u201cyeniden do\u011fu\u015f\/soya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d ad\u0131yla bilinen <strong>asimilasyonun ideolojisinin<\/strong> olu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki y\u0131llara d\u00f6nerek, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerini asimile etme kampanyas\u0131 arifesi olan 1984-1985 \u00f6ncesine kadarki y\u0131llar\u0131 tarihin bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alarak istiyorum. Osmanl\u0131 devri ve o zaman\u0131n \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma problemlerinin <strong>b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uzmanl\u0131klar\u0131 olmayan merakl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, ben \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi devri kenara b\u0131rak\u0131yorum<\/strong>. 1984-1985\u2019te Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden sonra bask\u0131lar\u0131n daha direk olu\u015fundan dolay\u0131, bu d\u00f6neme ait olan eserleri, propagandan\u0131n sertle\u015fmesini ve tarih \u00fcst\u00fcne tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7etinle\u015fmesini de inceleme konusuna alm\u0131yorum. Milletle ilgili anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde romantik olan tarih\u00e7ilerimizin sorumlulu\u011fu gibi, mesle\u011fimiz i\u00e7indeki ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz var olan \u00e7itli (siperli) ayr\u0131m \u00e7er\u00e7evesi i\u00e7indeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler de, \u00a0Bulgar tarih bilimini yara almaya a\u00e7\u0131k ve asimilasyon \u00e7abalar\u0131nda iktidar\u0131n yan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tezini savunaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1043269375\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>De\u011findi\u011fim olaylar 1984-1985 harek\u00e2t\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00a0\u00f6nce olmu\u015ftur. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131da yanda\u015fl\u0131k 2 y\u00f6nde olmu\u015ftur. Bir yandan, kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fleyen s\u0131k\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, s\u00fcre\u00e7 esnas\u0131nda en belirgin isimleri de kucaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci olarak, son hesapta uydurmalara sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmayan ve hatta daha geni\u015f bir ayd\u0131n kesim taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131labilmeleri \u00e7ok zor olan, c\u0131l\u0131z, tek t\u00fck, kand\u0131rmal\u0131 ho\u015fnutsuzluklar. Tarih\u00e7iler kolektifi i\u00e7inde var olan durumu koruma taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n kalabal\u0131k olmalar\u0131 ve kamuoyunun son derece duyarl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ve son neden olmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla, ders programlar\u0131n\u0131n politik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, de\u011fi\u015fiklik hamleleri sonu\u00e7suz kal\u0131yor. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u201c<strong>Ayr\u0131k Zaman\u0131<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c<strong>T\u00fcrk Esareti<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c<strong>Zorla \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong>\u201d egemen tasavvuru yaratan olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Genel Avrupa derinli\u011finde Bulgar sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da i\u015faret edilen kaynaklar\u0131n hepsi \u2013 kimileri daha fazla, \u00f6tekilerse daha az olsa da \u2013 ama hepsi orijinal olu\u015flar\u0131 ve herhangi bir tarihsel belge olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larda s\u00fcrekli ku\u015fku uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (7) Mariya Todorova bile \u015fartl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda \u015fu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu: \u201c<em>G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, o (<\/em>Metodi Draginov\u2019un efsanesi, not yazar\u0131nd\u0131r. S.D.) <strong>XVII <em>y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bir belge \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak, hatta y\u0131\u011f\u0131nsal halde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma tan\u0131k hik\u00e2yesi olarak kullan\u0131lamaz<\/em><\/strong>\u201d (8) Benim a\u00e7\u0131mdan burada sorun ba\u015fkad\u0131r. Profesyonel tarih\u00e7i, ge\u00e7mi\u015fle ilgili kitle bilincini ve iktidarda olanlar\u0131n baz\u0131 akt\u00fcel politikalar\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir seviyede tutmak i\u00e7in halk\u0131n kula\u011f\u0131na \u00e7alm\u0131\u015f efsaneleri \u015fiddetlendirip desteklemeli mi yoksa o meslek ebad\u0131na, insan sevgisine, anayasal ilkelere ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0131 kalmal\u0131d\u0131r?\u00a0 Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131z ikinci grup a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yanlar\u0131nda, kom\u015fular\u0131 olan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu dili konu\u015fan, fakat ba\u015fka din dine ibadet eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara ne sebeple rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusuna cevap arayan Bulgarlar XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda besbelli bu efsanelerle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130slam\u2019a d\u00f6nmeleri i\u00e7in zor kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi efsanevi ve gizemli a\u00e7\u0131klama, milli haf\u0131zaya ancak i\u015fleyebilir. \u201cBulgar\u201d bir tek ona bask\u0131 uyguland\u0131ktan sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olabilir miti kal\u0131c\u0131 ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 tasavvur olarak b\u00f6ylece yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fka bir dine ge\u00e7menin zorlama sonucu oldu\u011fu, iyice yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve sabit sosyal tasavvur olmu\u015ftur. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f,\u00a0 yukar\u0131daki kaynaklar\u0131n tarih bilimcilere g\u00fcvenilerek verilmesiyle ve daha sonra \u015fiirlerle, hikayelerle, uzun \u00f6yk\u00fclerle, romanlarla, filmler \u00e7ekilerek vs ebedi yap\u0131tlarla desteklenince onlar\u0131n etkisi kat kat artar. Ortaya at\u0131lan mit b\u00f6ylece daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenince halk haf\u0131zas\u0131na telkin edilir ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla belirli bir politika ve kimlik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yeri gelmi\u015fken hemen i\u015faret edelim. XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131nda sahte kimlik yaratma olay\u0131na yaln\u0131z Bulgarlarda rastlanmaz. (9) \u201cGer\u00e7ek\u201d milli ge\u00e7mi\u015f arayan, o devrin entelekt\u00fcel ve politik ortam\u0131na bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka \u00fclkede de rastlan\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, (Albert Einstein taraf\u0131ndan kurulan) sahte \u00f6rnekler yaratarak da olmak \u00fczere, \u201c<strong>ge\u00e7mi\u015fi yeniden yaratma<\/strong>\u201d (10)\u00a0 problemleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Priston Y\u00fcksel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezine ba\u011fl\u0131 Tarih Ekol\u00fc M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, tarih\u00e7i mediyevist <strong>Prof Patrik Giyri<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen enstit\u00fcy\u00fc bir uluslar aras\u0131 ekibin \u00fcyesi olarak ziyaret etme olana\u011f\u0131m oldu.(11)<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1694405856\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu ziyaretimde, di\u011fer \u00f6devlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sahte \u00fcr\u00fcnler, \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metinler, efsanele\u015ftirilmi\u015f yap\u0131tlar, \u015fiirsel tasavvuf ve ba\u015fka g\u00f6sterildi. Bize g\u00f6sterilen ve anlat\u0131lanlar aras\u0131nda, \u0130zlan\u2019da \u015fairi Ceyms Makferson taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zde \u201cbulunan\u201d Orta \u00c7a\u011flarda yazm\u0131\u015f olan Osiyan destanlar\u0131; \u00f6nc\u00fc \u0130slavc\u0131 bilim adam\u0131 Yozif Dobrovsky \u00f6\u011frencisi olan yenilik\u00e7i ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00c7ek Vaslav Hanka\u2019n\u0131n \u201cSaray Notlar\u0131\u201d ve \u201c Zelenegor Notlar\u0131\u201d; Fin folklor uzman\u0131 Kalevala ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 da yer al\u0131yordu. \u00a0<strong>Bu belgeler aras\u0131nda \u00a0Bulgar \u201cPapaz Metodi Draginov Efsanesi\u201dn\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi<\/strong>, \u201c<strong>Veda Slavena<\/strong>\u201d efsanesini de buldum. Bu ziyaret projesi, b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019da pek \u00e7ok tarihi iddian\u0131n konusunda yap\u0131lan derin deneylerden \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve ilgin\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011frulu\u011fu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na (do\u011fru olan\u0131n s\u00fcz\u00fclmesine) neden oldu. Baz\u0131 durumlarda ana amac\u0131n do\u011fan ulusal \u015fuuru (bilin\u00e7) saptan\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131klamak, b\u00f6yle bir \u015fuur yoksa onu yeniden \u00fcretilerek ge\u00e7mi\u015fe yans\u0131tmak oldu\u011fu tespit edildi. Ba\u015fka \u00f6rneklerde ise, ba\u015fl\u0131ca daha \u00f6nce var olmayan baz\u0131 eski kurallar\u0131n ve gelenekleri kan\u0131tlamak amac\u0131yla tamamen g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 tasar\u0131mlardan s\u00f6z edebiliriz. <strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grupta, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnya insanlar\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131lt\u0131rken kullanmak i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulmu\u015f y\u00fczde y\u00fcz sahtelerini g\u00f6rebildik<\/strong>.\u00a0 Uzun zaman \u00f6nce yitirilmi\u015f bir canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 koruyabilen, hatta canl\u0131 izlenimi b\u0131rakanlar\u0131 da g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n<p>Bu gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ardas\u0131ndaki mitlere (uydurmalara) gelince, onlar da birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir milletin se\u00e7enekli ge\u00e7mi\u015finden, art\u0131k yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan bir akademik otoriteden ve ki\u015fisel kariyer hevesinde kadar de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6zlemlerden s\u00f6z edebiliriz. Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ele\u015ftirileri ve itirazlar\u0131, bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 milli gururu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z yeni at\u0131l\u0131mlar kazand\u0131rabilir diyebiliriz. Sahtelerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, okurlar\u0131 ve gelece\u011fin akademik y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 aldatm\u0131\u015f olma gibi e\u011flenceler de do\u011furuyor. Kimilerinin gerek\u00e7eleri ulusun \u015fan ve \u015f\u00f6hretini y\u00fckseltme, halk\u0131n soy k\u00f6kleri ile ilgili ve hatta halklar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fleriyle ilgili yar\u0131\u015fmalar bile olabilir. B\u00fct\u00fcnsel k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve politik iklimden ba\u015fka sahteli\u011fi olumlu kar\u015f\u0131layan bir gereklilik de olabilir ki, \u201c<strong>Zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong>\u201d \u00f6rne\u011fi bizde \u201c<strong>ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131<\/strong>\u201d sahtecilik \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu projede saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, de\u011fi\u015fik \u201c<strong>sahtecilikler<\/strong>\u201d, \u201c <strong>efsanele\u015ftirmeler<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c<strong>\u015fiirsel hayaller<\/strong>\u201d birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 kader ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kimisinin hayat mumu hemen s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 100 y\u0131ldan fazla ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir grup ise, profesyonel tarih\u00e7ilerin tarih \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde ciddi de\u011fi\u015fiklerle neden olurken, hatta milli hareketlere esin de olabilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rneklerin sahte olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 tamamen \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131m belirmesine ve politik iklimin tamamen de\u011fi\u015fmesine birka\u00e7 neslin de\u011fi\u015fmesine gerek vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu anlamda, yerle\u015fmesine sahte \u00f6rneklerin yard\u0131mda bulundu\u011fu, milli kimli\u011fin yeniden tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 da, kimli\u011fin zaman\u0131 doluncaya kadar,\u00a0 belirli rol g\u00f6rmektedir. (12) ( Burada da bizim konumuz olan sahteliklere de yer vard\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fclkelerde sahtecilik y\u0131llar \u00f6nce tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olsa da, Bulgaristan\u2019da eskiden tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z cinayetlerle \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f siyasetin kolayca yasall\u0131k kazanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r ve bu siyasete dayanak olu\u015fturmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgar tarihinde sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131klar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1950 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonras\u0131 bu incelememizde \u00f6zel ilgi oda\u011f\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netim ve Todor Jivkov rejimi <strong>se\u00e7meli milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe<\/strong> do\u011fru tam bu zaman y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. 1879\u2019da modern Bulgar devletinin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015flayan ve\u00a0 1912-13 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ve XX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen milli isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan \u201c<strong>T\u00fcrk esareti<\/strong>\u201d iddialar\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir versiyonunu g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (13)\u00a0 Bu kampanyan\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 \u201c<strong>Rodoplar\u2019da Bulgar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi<\/strong>\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n 1958\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na rastlad\u0131. Bu eserde o y\u0131llarda otorite sahibi olan tarih bilginlerine yer verildi. Burada, tesad\u00fcf ve hemen akla gelmi\u015f bir hamleden s\u00f6z edilmiyor. \u0130yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, amac\u0131 ve derinli\u011fi olan bir proje ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Y\u0131llar sonra\u00a0 Bayan Evgeniya Mihaylova\u2019 n\u0131n \u201c<strong>G\u00f6n\u00fclleri Kazan\u0131l\u0131nca Kenara \u0130tilen<\/strong>\u201d kitab\u0131nda\u00a0 hakl\u0131 olarak i\u015faret etti\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201cBulgar Bilimler Akademisi \u201c<strong>soy k\u00f6k\u00fc<\/strong>\u201d ne ili\u015fkin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u00f6devi\u201d yerine getirmi\u015ftir. (14)<\/p><div id=\"bghab-232667408\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-618813240\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tarih: 24 Temmuz 2019 Yazan: Stefan DE\u00c7EV \/ \u201cKultura\u201d (K\u00fclt\u00fcr) gazetesi\/ Sofya, Bulgaristan, yay\u0131n tarihi 23.07.2019 Terc\u00fcme: BGSAM Konu: Sahtelikler,\u00a0 tarih bilim, zul\u00fcm ve bilimdeki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":17690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/1-logo-yk.jpg?fit=552%2C531&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-aNW","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41536"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41536\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}