{"id":415,"date":"2013-04-14T04:22:27","date_gmt":"2013-04-14T01:22:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=415"},"modified":"2020-04-01T03:49:43","modified_gmt":"2020-04-01T00:49:43","slug":"1989-bulgaristan-gocmenleri-ve-sorunlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/1989-bulgaristan-gocmenleri-ve-sorunlari\/","title":{"rendered":"1989 Bulgaristan G\u00f6\u00e7menleri ve Sorunlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Geldikleri, do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri topraklarda k\u0131tl\u0131k vard\u0131 denemez!<br \/>\nAma yeterince doymu\u015f olduklar\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez!<br \/>\nKorktuklar\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131lar!<br \/>\nOnlara delicesine g\u00fc\u00e7 veren korktuklar\u0131ndan biri yan\u0131ndayd\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yd\u0131!<br \/>\n\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131lar; geldiler!<br \/>\n\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131lmad\u0131lar; gene geldiler!<br \/>\nKovuldular; \u2026bir kez daha geldiler!<br \/>\nG\u00f6n\u00fcllerince d\u00f6nenleri de oldu, kalanlar\u0131 da!<br \/>\nKalanlar onulmaz hasretleriyle buradad\u0131rlar; de\u011fi\u015fmekte ve de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedirler.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6\u00e7, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin hayat\u0131nda her zaman \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Periyodik olarak, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re, farkl\u0131 say\u0131da Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir, ancak bu konu\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 1989 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fmakt\u0131r.\u00a0 1989\u2019un yaz aylar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 2.5 ay gibi \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 bin Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fc ak\u0131n etti, 21 A\u011fustosta Bulgaristan-T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra da bu g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 durmad\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla konu\u015fmam\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek rakamlarla ifade edilen bu\u00a0 g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi ile s\u0131n\u0131rlamak istiyorum.<\/p>\n<p>Bu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc hem g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze en yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, hem daha \u00f6nceki g\u00f6\u00e7lerden son derece farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, hem de bu olay\u0131 \u015fahsen ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in sizlerle payla\u015fmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nce bu sanc\u0131l\u0131 olay\u0131n nedenlerini a\u00e7\u0131klayay\u0131m.1989 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc neye ba\u011flayabiliriz, bu kadar ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 anda evlerinden, i\u015flerinden, sevdiklerinden, hat\u0131ralar\u0131ndan kopma karar\u0131 almalar\u0131n\u0131n sebebi nedir?<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesini tetikleyen en \u00f6nemli etken sosyalist rejimin asimilasyon e\u011fimleri olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7abalar 1980\u2019lerde doru\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131 ve 1984\u2019te \u2018Soya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u2019 (\u2018v\u0131zroditelen protses\u2019) ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin isimleri Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmalar\u0131 yasakland\u0131, etnik kimli\u011fini ve dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden her t\u00fcr sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel faaliyet yasakland\u0131. Ancak Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Bulgar kimli\u011fine teslim olmad\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct veya birey d\u00fczeyinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kimlik koruma \u00e7abalar\u0131 1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n May\u0131s ay\u0131nda \u2018May\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Hareketleri\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerle doru\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6stericiler \u2018Biz T\u00fcrk\u00fcz!\u2019, \u2018\u0130simlerimizi \u0130stiyoruz\u2019 \u2018Ya\u015fas\u0131n Demokrasi\u2019 gibi sloganlarla isteklerini bildirirken, devlet propaganda ara\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6stericilerin \u00f6zerklik istedikleri (\u00fclkeyi b\u00f6lmek istedikleri) ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 talep ettikleri fikrini yayd\u0131 ve kamuoyunu yan\u0131ltarak temel insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 talep eden g\u00f6stericilere kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k duygusu uyand\u0131rd\u0131. May\u0131s olaylar\u0131 boyunca 24 saat i\u00e7inde \u00fclkeyi terk etme emri verilen yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 ki\u015finin Bulgaristan\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, 1989\u2019un yaz aylar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ilk sinyallerini vermi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4082772736\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmetin g\u00f6\u00e7 psikozunu nas\u0131l olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu anlatmak i\u00e7in konuyla ilgili temel bir kayna\u011fa, 2003\u2019te bas\u0131lan Soya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f S\u00fcrecinin Ger\u00e7e\u011fi: BKP Merkez Komitesi Politb\u00fcro Ar\u015fivi Belgeleri ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitaba ba\u015fvurmak istiyorum. Bu kitapta Merkez Komitenin o d\u00f6nemde \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar yer al\u0131yor, isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fray\u0131nca Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 kararlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor. \u00d6zet olarak sunacak olursam Politb\u00fcro \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en konu\u015fmalar \u015fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya koyuyor: May\u0131s y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrklerin kendilerine empoze edilen Bulgar kimli\u011fini kabul etmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu noktada Bulgar h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u2018soya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u2019 s\u00fcrecinin yeni bir ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak g\u00f6\u00e7\u2019e ba\u015fvuracakt\u0131r. Bulgar kimli\u011fini reddedenler g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanacak, Bulgaristan\u2019da kalanlara g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak asimile olmay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda o d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6\u00e7 kavram\u0131n\u0131 me\u015fru k\u0131lacak bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de Bulgaristan medyas\u0131 ya\u015fanan bu sanc\u0131l\u0131 olay\u0131 \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck gezi\u2019 (\u2018golyamata ekskurziya\u2019) olarak isimlendirdi. T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131nda da, olaydan g\u00f6\u00e7 olarak s\u00f6z edilse de, 1989\u2019un yaz aylar\u0131nda \u00fclkeye ak\u0131n eden B. T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in, onlar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce \u00e7e\u015fitli resmi antla\u015fmalarla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yerle\u015fen muhacirlerden ay\u0131rt eden \u2018soyda\u015f\u2019 terimi kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu olaylardan s\u00f6z ederken \u2018g\u00f6\u00e7\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131 kullansam da, \u015fu ana kadar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi dibi, ya\u015fanan olay, sebepleri ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme bi\u00e7imi olarak daha \u00f6nceki g\u00f6\u00e7lerden son derece farkl\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada ve iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler de \u201989 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin daha \u00f6nceki muhacirlere g\u00f6re Bulgaristan\u2019la olan ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n (orada ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00fcm olumsuzluklara ra\u011fmen) daha sa\u011flam kalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015f, bu durum da globalle\u015fen d\u00fcnya anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun bir kimlik olu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u201989 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn nedenleri ve di\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketlerine g\u00f6re \u00f6zel konumundan s\u00f6z ettikten sonra bu g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin Anavatan\u2019la ilk y\u00fczle\u015fme anlar\u0131na de\u011finmek istiyorum, z\u00fcl\u00fcmden kurtuldu\u011funa inanan bir ki\u015finin g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anavatan imgesinin somut bir \u00fclkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlardan.<\/p>\n<p>Herhangi bir z\u00fcl\u00fcm ortam\u0131nda, insan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 travmatik deneyimle ba\u015f etmek i\u00e7in, ya\u015fama olan inanc\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in, hayali veya ger\u00e7ek bir umut kayna\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in yo\u011fun asimilasyon y\u0131llar\u0131nda bu umut kayna\u011f\u0131, tek umut kayna\u011f\u0131, Anavatan T\u00fcrkiye imgesi oldu. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131, her t\u00fcr haberle\u015fmenin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde tutulmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan idealize edilmesine, neredeyse ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fc bir yer olarak hayal edilmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Bu idealize edilen anavatan imgesi herkesin zihninde bu denli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmasa da, y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren ileti\u015fimsizli\u011fin sonucu olarak, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri umutla gittikleri \u00fclke hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgiye de sahip de\u011fildir, ayr\u0131ca yola \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015fayabilecekleri olas\u0131 sorunlara da kendilerini psikolojik olarak haz\u0131rlayacak zamanlar\u0131 bile olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1927607429\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu da ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak Anavatan\u2019a kavu\u015fman\u0131n co\u015fkulu sevinci ile birlikte yo\u011fun hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da getirdi. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin anavatan sevdas\u0131n\u0131 ve onunla kucakla\u015fman\u0131n verdi\u011fi co\u015fkulu sevinci se\u00e7tikleri soyadlar\u0131 da yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r: \u201989 Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menleri aras\u0131nda genelde Vatansever, Ulut\u00fcrk, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, Mutlu, \u015een, Y\u0131lmaz gibi anavatana kavu\u015fman\u0131n mutlulu\u011funu ifade eden soyadlar\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Ancak, ifade etti\u011fim gibi, mutlulukla birlikte hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde ya\u015fanan temel duygulardan biriydi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelenlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 burada bir hafta, bir ay veya daha uzun bir s\u00fcre kald\u0131ktan sonra tekrar Bulgaristan\u2019a d\u00f6nme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bulgaristan\u2019a d\u00f6nen bu ki\u015filerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, evlerine el konulmas\u0131, eski i\u015flerine geri d\u00f6nememeleri gibi farkl\u0131 nedenlerden dolay\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019da da yeni bir hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fayarak yeniden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelme yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaya koyuldu.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019a geri d\u00f6nme (bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 genelde tersine g\u00f6\u00e7 olarak isimlendiriliyor) veya uyum sa\u011flama s\u00fcrecini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran etkenler \u00fczerinde k\u0131saca duracak olursak i\u015f, bar\u0131nma ve farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeylerde k\u00fclt\u00fcr uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sorunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u2018yerli\u2019 T\u00fcrklerin kendilerini ilk co\u015fkulu kar\u015f\u0131lamadan sonra \u2018Bulgar\u2019 veya \u2018gavur\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rmalar\u0131, hatta daha eski Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin bile kendilerini d\u0131\u015flamalar\u0131, \u00f6nemli etkenler aras\u0131nda s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Zamanla Bulgaristan ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc hareket Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in normal, hatta kimliklerini en iyi \u015fekilde ifade eden bir duruma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 50\u2019li veya 70\u2019li y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinde g\u00f6\u00e7 sonras\u0131nda entegrasyona dayal\u0131 bir kimlik modeli olu\u015furken, \u201989 ve daha sonraki g\u00f6\u00e7menlerde daha \u00e7ok senteze dayal\u0131 bir kimli\u011fin olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Senteze dayal\u0131 kimlik derken, \u201989 Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin kendilerini her iki \u00fclke ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdiklerini vurgulamak istiyorum, Bulgaristan\u2019la \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fme derken ise, bunu etnik bir \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fme olarak de\u011fil, Bulgaristan ile k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyal ve ekonomik alanlarda somut ve soyut ili\u015fkilerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini kastediyorum.<\/p>\n<p>\u201989 Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye uyum sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran etkenler \u00fczerinde duracak olursak her \u015feyden \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun e\u011fitimli ve i\u015f sahibi oldu\u011funu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda cinsiyetler aras\u0131nda fark g\u00f6zetilmeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecek durumda olan t\u00fcm aile bireylerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak gerekiyor. Bu \u00f6zellikleri sayesinde \u201989 Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menleri (bu daha \u00f6nceki g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir) k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde ev sahibi oldu, ( ki \u2018ev\u2019 kavram\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men,\u00a0 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve benzer konumda olanlar i\u00e7in son derece \u00f6nemlidir), ev sahibi olmak yeni \u00fclkeye aidiyet duygusunu peki\u015ftirirken temel g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da geride b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcjdelemektedir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1312505515\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bir taraftan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye uyum sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, \u201989 Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin her iki \u00fclkeye de ba\u011fl\u0131 olmalar\u0131na yasal zemin haz\u0131rlayan geli\u015fmeler oldu. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi\u00a0 \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ve \u00e7ift pasaport uygulamas\u0131 oldu. Bu, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerine T\u00fcrkiye ve Bulgaristan vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n AB \u00fcyesi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, AB vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oldu; demokratik geli\u015fmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olanlar emeklilik maa\u015f\u0131 alma, oradaki m\u00fclkiyetlerini geri alma, yeni m\u00fclk edinme gibi haklar edinmi\u015f oldu. B\u00f6ylece hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, hem Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir kesim olu\u015ftu. Bulgaristan G\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin Bulgaristan\u2019la olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011flar\u0131 se\u00e7im d\u00f6nemlerinde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zlemleniyor. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde bir\u00e7ok Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fc (\u00e7o\u011fu \u201989 g\u00f6\u00e7meni) oy hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmak i\u00e7in do\u011fduklar\u0131 yerlere gidiyor (ve genelde oylar\u0131n\u0131 H\u00d6H lehine kullan\u0131yor).<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda bir geli\u015f-gidi\u015ften s\u00f6z etsem de, bu t\u00fcm \u201989 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerini kapsayan bir durum de\u011fil. Az\u0131nl\u0131k da olsa \u00e7ift vatanda\u015f olmayan, burada ge\u00e7irdikleri s\u00fcre boyunca Bulgaristan\u2019a hi\u00e7 gitmeyenler de var. Ancak b\u00f6yle durumlarda bile Bulgaristan\u2019a hayali yolculuklar yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Oras\u0131\u2019 ve \u2018buras\u0131\u2019 aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalma durumu, zor bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir etkile\u015fim s\u00fcreci ba\u015flatarak, bir yandan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yerle\u015fen Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinde yeni kimlik ve aidiyet duygular\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olurken, \u00f6te yandan\u00a0 Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015famakta olan T\u00fcrklerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini de etkiledi.<\/p>\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fim Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Bulgaristan\u2019a e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in giden \u00f6\u011frenciler, y\u0131l\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de Bulgaristan\u2019da ge\u00e7iren emekliler, her iki \u00fclkede de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar sayesinde sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eu ana kadar genelde 89 Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerini tan\u0131mlarken iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen s\u00fcrekli bir hareketten s\u00f6z ettim, hem oral\u0131, hem bural\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ima ettim, bu ger\u00e7ekte kolay bir durum de\u011fildir, ne oral\u0131, ne bural\u0131 olma durumudur asl\u0131nda, her iki \u00fclkede ev sahibi olup evsiz olma durumudur, her iki tarafta da d\u0131\u015flanmakt\u0131r asl\u0131nda. Bu durumu bir \u015fair \u015fu dizelerde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-141262614\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130ki ayr\u0131 gezegene basar ayaklar\u0131m<\/p>\n<p>d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onlar<\/p>\n<p>beni de \u00e7ekerler birlikte<\/p>\n<p>d\u00fc\u015ferim<\/p>\n<p>iki d\u00fcnya ta\u015f\u0131yorum i\u00e7imde<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2935712293\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>ama b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011fil hi\u00e7biri<\/p>\n<p>kan\u0131yorlar hi\u00e7 durmadan<\/p>\n<p>s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izgisi ge\u00e7er<\/p>\n<p>dilimin tam da ortas\u0131nda<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u015fiir Almanyada ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk yazar Zafer \u015eenoca\u011f\u0131 aittir, konu\u015fmam\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fiirde de yine Almanyada ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk \u015fair G\u00fcney Dal\u00a0 Almanya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrklerin dram\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. Bu \u015fiirler, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn, \u00f6z\u00fcnde hep ayn\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini de sergiliyor. Almanya\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler Almanya\u2019da T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015farken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldiklerinde de \u2018Almanc\u0131\u2019 olarak damgalan\u0131yor. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri bu arada kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k durumunu \u2018Bulgaristanda T\u00fcrk diye a\u015fa\u011f\u0131land\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Bulgar diye d\u0131\u015fland\u0131k\u2019 ifadesi ile belirtiyor. \u015eimdi, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Bulgaristan\u2019da \u2018T\u00fcrk\u2019 ifadesini bir damga olarak ta\u015f\u0131yan, \u2018soya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u2019 s\u00fcresince \u2018isimlerini geri alm\u0131\u015f Bulgarlar\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen; 1989\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikten sonra anavatanlar\u0131nda Bulgar veya daha masum haliyle \u2018Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri\u2019 olarak an\u0131lan Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri \u015fu anda Bulgaristan\u2019a gittiklerinde de yine bir d\u0131\u015flanma ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onalr \u015fu anda Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n \u2018almanc\u0131lar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3963297771\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-3767924685\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Geldikleri, do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri topraklarda k\u0131tl\u0131k vard\u0131 denemez! Ama yeterince doymu\u015f olduklar\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez! Korktuklar\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131lar! Onlara delicesine g\u00fc\u00e7 veren korktuklar\u0131ndan biri yan\u0131ndayd\u0131,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":3721,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-6H","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/hasine-sen.jpg?fit=517%2C661&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=415"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}