{"id":40945,"date":"2019-09-24T13:25:14","date_gmt":"2019-09-24T10:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=40945"},"modified":"2019-09-24T01:26:53","modified_gmt":"2019-09-23T22:26:53","slug":"20inci-yuzyilin-basinda-baskent-sofyadaki-ilk-tramvay-mucizesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/20inci-yuzyilin-basinda-baskent-sofyadaki-ilk-tramvay-mucizesi\/","title":{"rendered":"20\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fkent Sofya\u2019daki ilk tramvay \u201cmucizesi\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Elektrikli sokak ve evler, hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 olan Bulgaristan ba\u015fkenti Sofya\u2019n\u0131n yolunu ayd\u0131nlat\u0131yor. Fakat ba\u015fkent sokaklar\u0131nda seyretmeye ba\u015flayan ilk tramvay 20.y\u00fczy\u0131la damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuruyor.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teknolojisi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda eski emektar tramvay i\u00e7in \u201cmucize\u201d kelimesi biraz komik gelebilir. Fakat\u00a0\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde 1878 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00f6nemli bir merkez olan Sofya, teknolojiler alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck Bat\u0131 \u015fehirlerin \u00e7ok az farkla arkas\u0131ndan gidiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin elektrik, Bulgaristan ba\u015fkentine 1900 y\u0131llar\u0131nda getiriliyor, yani TomasEdison\u2019\u0131n New York \u015fehrinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc elektrikle bulu\u015fturmas\u0131ndan sadece 18 y\u0131l sonra.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<i>D\u00fcn ba\u015fkentliler, onlar i\u00e7in evrensel bir ilerlemeye \u015fahit oldu &#8211; ilk tramvay, t\u00fcm Vito\u015fa Caddesi&#8217;ni boylu boyuna ge\u00e7ti. \u201c\u00a0<\/i>Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan bir gazete, 1 Ocak 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana gelen \u201cmucizeyi<i>\u201d\u00a0<\/i>b\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor. \u015eehir tren istasyonundan kalkan ve \u015fehir merkezine kadar giden tren, yolcular\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczere duruyor ve bilet fiyat\u0131 da bir bira fiyat\u0131nda. Birinci ve ikinci class olmak \u00fczere k\u00fcpeler ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sofya sosyetesi, perdeli ve s\u00fcslemeleri pencerelerle k\u00fcpede yolculuk yaparken s\u0131radan insanlar, ah\u015fap bankalara otururdu.<\/p>\n<p><i>\u0130lk ba\u015fta insanlar tramvay\u0131 tuhaf kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hayvan g\u00fcc\u00fc kullan\u0131lmadan elektrikli bir ara\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor \u2013\u00a0<\/i>diye anlat\u0131yor \u201c\u015eehir ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve altyap\u0131\u201d Derne\u011finden Viktor \u00c7avu\u015fev ve devam ediyor<i>. Hatta ilk ba\u015fta insanlar tramvaya binmeye korkarm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015fka birisinin binmesini bekliyormu\u015f. Yazar \u0130van Vazov ise, g\u00fcvenli olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in zenginlerin, fakir ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na binmeleri i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 stotinka verdi\u011fini anlat\u0131yor.<\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"imgwrapper\"><i><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/cr\/aa6d93561aae517a4aaf56d4292d6ddd.png?w=640\" alt=\"Foto: ar\u015fiv\" \/><\/i><\/div>\n<p><i><br \/>\n<\/i>Sofya caddelerinde tramvay\u0131n seyretmesi, Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Dimitar Petkov\u2019a bor\u00e7luyuz. 1888-1893 d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6rev yapan Petkov, ba\u015fkentin elektri\u011fe kavu\u015fmas\u0131 planlar\u0131n\u0131 kuruyor. 1898 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonunda Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 \u201cElektrikli tramvaylar\u201d \u015eirketi, iki y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda\u00a0\u00a0tek rayl\u0131 25 km\u2019lik tramvay yolunu kuruyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1382655743\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><i>Burada ilgin\u00e7 olan da, ihalelerin o zaman da belediyedeki hararetli tart\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, art\u0131 \u00f6zellikle tramvay i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla aday\u0131n ve do\u011fal olarak da lobiler oldu\u011fu.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>\u0130haleyle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar, konu\u015fmalar ve lobi ile yolsuzluk su\u00e7lamalarla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, hala\u00a0 Devlet Ar\u015fivinde korunmaktad\u0131r. Fakat eninde sonunda her\u015fey tatl\u0131ya ba\u011flan\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr hale geliyor ve tramvaylar sayesinde Sofya, ger\u00e7ek bir Avrupa ba\u015fkentini and\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Bulgar tramvaylar\u0131, ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 30\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131nda Almanya\u2019dan getirilen modeller \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak, \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131yor. En iyi modeller, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 \u00fcretilirken daha sonra daha moder tramvaylar da yerini al\u0131yor, ancak teknik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzak kal\u0131yorlar. Bug\u00fcn Bulgaristan, tramvay \u00fcretmiyor ve t\u00fcm ara\u00e7lar d\u0131\u015fardan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131yor &#8211; farkl\u0131 kaliteyle, model ve renklerle.<\/p>\n<p><i>Bu bir alg\u0131lama meselesidir \u2013\u00a0<\/i>diyor Viktor \u00c7au\u015fev ve devam ediyor<i>. As\u0131l sorun, kentsel \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki zararl\u0131 g\u00f6rsel etkiyi azaltmak i\u00e7in tramvaylar\u0131n tasar\u0131m ve renklerle uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Faklat di\u011fer taraftan bu kadar \u00e7ok tramvay\u0131n olmas\u0131, belirli zaman sonra bir nevi tarihi tramvaylara sahip olmam\u0131z. Bir g\u00fcn Ula\u015f\u0131m M\u00fczesi kurulursa, Sofya o zaman gelen turistlere ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015feyler sunacakt\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Olas\u0131 bir m\u00fcze, bug\u00fcn depolarda kuflenen tarihi modelleri bir araya getirebilir. Ancak bir as\u0131rl\u0131k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen, tramvaylar\u0131n rol\u00fc bug\u00fcn de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4003794939\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><i>Problem, tramvaylar\u0131n modernize edilmemesinde yat\u0131yor. Mesela tramvaylar, metronun kadar yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yabilir, hele hele s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6zel tramvay seferleri olunca. .Bunun \u00f6rne\u011fini \u00c7ekya\u2019da, Almanya\u2019da g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/i><i>Sofya&#8217;da tramvay ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi gereken bir\u00e7ok yer var ve insanlara metro in\u015fa etmekten \u00e7ok daha ucuz hizmet sunul<\/i><i>abilir.\u00a0<\/i><i>Tramvaylar, toplu ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131racak ve \u015fehir trafi\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltacakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc metro her yere ula\u015famaz.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7eviri: \u015eevkiye \u00c7ak\u0131r, BNR<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-882185440\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elektrikli sokak ve evler, hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 olan Bulgaristan ba\u015fkenti Sofya\u2019n\u0131n yolunu ayd\u0131nlat\u0131yor. Fakat ba\u015fkent sokaklar\u0131nda seyretmeye ba\u015flayan ilk tramvay 20.y\u00fczy\u0131la damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuruyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teknolojisi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":40946,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[30,51,2462],"class_list":["post-40945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","tag-bulgaristan","tag-sofya","tag-tramvay"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/bulgaristan-sofyada-ilk-tramvay.png?fit=925%2C520&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-aEp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40945\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}