Tarih: 11 A\u011fustos 2019
\nYazan: Rafet ULUT\u00dcRK
\nKonu: Bulgarlar\u0131n kolektif kimli\u011fi neden kurulamad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bulgar milli kimli\u011finin olu\u015fma s\u00fcreci Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu ba\u011fr\u0131nda ve XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stermek zordur. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n giderek b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olmas\u0131 gere\u011fi nesnel olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bulgar kitaplarda hayat \u00f6yk\u00fcleri – \u201ckahramanl\u0131klar\u201d -anlat\u0131lan ve halk\u0131n i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131lan bu mert ki\u015filere \u201chaydut\u201d, \u00f6nc\u00fclerine de \u201cvoyvoda\u201d demi\u015fler. Toplam saylar\u0131 52 olan bu asilerin bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f, destanlar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hemen hepsi \u015f\u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle kitaplara gitmi\u015f ve sayfalar kapmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Okul kitaplar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en, hedefleri, silahlar\u0131, kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar, mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ya da an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerlere i\u015faret edilenler: Hac\u0131 Dimit\u0131r, Panayot Hitov, \u0130nce Voyvoda, Stefan Karaca, Delyo Voyvoda, Filip Totyo, Kapitan Petko Voyvoda ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nem, Bulgar tarihinde XIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n tam ortalar\u0131na rastlar, haydutluk y\u0131llar\u0131ndan halk\u0131n kula\u011f\u0131na k\u00fcpe kalmasa da, o zamanlardan kalan \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fcn mal\u0131n\u0131 yemek helaldir\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc bug\u00fcne kadar eskimemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda Bulgar kolektif (ortak) kimli\u011finin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve 3 defa k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 3 a\u015fama olarak anlataca\u011f\u0131z:<\/strong> Haydutluk<\/strong>, (\u00e7eteci m\u00fccadelesi) Bulgar milli kimli\u011finin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda bir
\n1) haydutluk;
\n2) komitac\u0131l\u0131k ve
\n3 isyan d\u00f6nemlerini.<\/p>\n
\ntemel a\u015famad\u0131r. 1860\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Motifleri, kilise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yunan papazlar\u0131n din merkezlerinden kovulmas\u0131, ayinlerin ve kiliselere ba\u011fl\u0131 okullarda e\u011fitimin Bulgar dilinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Yunan papazlar\u0131n zulm\u00fcn\u00fcn son bulmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Sliven\u2019den Balkana \u00e7\u0131kan Voyvoda Hac\u0131 Dimitir\u2019in hedef s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda, birinci hedefi, \u201cadaletsiz ceza kesen\u201d Osmanl\u0131 adalet d\u00fczeni ile hesapla\u015fmak, sark\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131k yapan bir zaptiyenin kellesini u\u00e7urmak de\u011fil, 12 ki\u015filik silahl\u0131 \u00e7etesiyle T\u0131rnovo \u015fehrini basmak ve Oradaki Yunan Ba\u015fpiskoposunu dara\u011fac\u0131na \u00e7ekmektir. Onun derdi T\u00fcrklerle, Hocalarla, Yarg\u0131\u00e7larla, Valilerle de\u011fil, Bulgar kiliselerine \u00e7\u00f6reklenmi\u015f Rum din manevi ve maddi bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmakt\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn anlam\u0131nda olan kilise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Onun bu iste\u011fi, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra, 28 \u015eubat 1870 tarihinde Sultan Abd\u00fcl Aziz\u2019in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir Ferman\u0131yla Do\u011fu Ortodoks Kilisesinin Rum H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fakat 1840\u2019ta d\u00fcnyaya gelen ve 1868\u2019de Koca Balkan\u2019\u0131n \u201cBuzluca\u201d Tepesinde 28 ya\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 askeriyle sava\u015fta can veren Voyvoda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen emellerini g\u00f6rememi\u015ftir. Onun sava\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrklerle, onlar\u0131n kom\u015fulu\u011fu, adaleti ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131yla de\u011fil, uyanan Bulgar halk\u0131n\u0131n kendi dilinde uyanma, bilin\u00e7lenme ve iman etme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>