{"id":40204,"date":"2019-08-06T23:25:07","date_gmt":"2019-08-06T21:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=40204"},"modified":"2019-08-07T22:17:03","modified_gmt":"2019-08-07T20:17:03","slug":"islamda-kurban-ibadeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/islamda-kurban-ibadeti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam&#8217;da Kurban \u0130badeti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK, D\u00fczce \u0130l Milli E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Maarif M\u00fcfetti\u015fi, E\u011fitimci Yazar<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Arap\u00e7a\u2019da gerek madd\u00ee gerekse m\u00e2nev\u00ee her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yak\u0131n olmay\u0131 ku\u015fatacak bir anlam yelpazesine sahip olan\u00a0<strong>kurb\u00e2n<\/strong>\u00a0kelimesi din\u00ee terminolojide kendisiyle Allah\u2019a yakla\u015f\u0131lan \u015feyi, \u00f6zel olarak da Allah\u2019a yak\u0131nl\u0131k sa\u011flamak, yani ibadet (kurbet) amac\u0131yla belli vakitte belirli cinsten hayvanlar\u0131 kesmeyi ve bu ama\u00e7la kesilen hayvan\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00f6ncesi Arap toplumunda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, k\u00f6le ve esirlerin putlara kurban edilmesi \u00e2detinin zay\u0131f da olsa izlerine rastlanmakla birlikte (<em>el-Muva\u1e6d\u1e6da\u02be<\/em>, \u201cNe\u1e95r\u201d, 7; \u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, I, 160-164; Cev\u00e2d Ali, VI, 191-193, 198-199) yayg\u0131n olan, putlara hayvanlar\u0131n kurban edilmesi \u015feklindeydi. C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131, belli zamanlarda veya \u00f6nemli kabul ettikleri olaylar vesilesiyle gerek K\u00e2be\u2019deki gerekse Mekke\u2019nin di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde ve Mekke d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki putlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda m\u00e2bede olan sayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, putlara olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek, onlara yak\u0131nla\u015fmak gayesiyle deve, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, koyun, ceylan gibi hayvanlar\u0131 keserek kan\u0131n\u0131 onlar\u0131n \u00fczerine d\u00f6ker, kurban\u0131 par\u00e7alay\u0131p bu dikili ta\u015flar\u0131n \u00fczerine b\u0131rak\u0131r, y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n ve ku\u015flar\u0131n yemesini beklerlerdi. Yarar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle \u00f6len kimsenin kabri ba\u015f\u0131nda veya cinlerden korunmak amac\u0131yla kurban kesildi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca yeni do\u011fan \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in ak\u00eeka kurban\u0131 kesilerek ziyafet verildi\u011fi, bereket getirece\u011fi beklentisiyle deve veya koyunun ilk do\u011fan yavrusunun, Receb ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk on g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u201cat\u00eere\u201d ad\u0131 verilen koyunun putlar i\u00e7in kurban edildi\u011fi bilinmektedir. \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00f6neminde C\u00e2hiliye Araplar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurban \u00e2deti tevhid inanc\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6\u011felerden temizlenerek Hz. \u0130br\u00e2him\u2019in s\u00fcnnetine uygun bi\u00e7imde ihya edilmi\u015f ve sosyal i\u015flevler de y\u00fcklenerek zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3474271037\">\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wixstats.com\/?a=28926&c=2228&s1=\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eu1-us1.ckcdnassets.com\/869\/creatives\/2228\/new%2Blogo%2Bsquares%2B728_90_tr.png?resize=604%2C74&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"604\" height=\"74\"><\/a> \r\n<\/div>\n<p>Kur\u2019an\u2019da ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 verilmeksizin Hz. \u00c2dem\u2019in iki o\u011flunun Allah\u2019a kurban takdim ettiklerinden s\u00f6z edilir (el-M\u00e2ide 5\/27) ve il\u00e2h\u00ee dinlerin hepsinde kurban h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn konuldu\u011fu bildirilir (el-Hac 22\/34). Kur\u2019an\u2019da hac ibadeti esnas\u0131nda kesilecek kurbanlarla ilgili baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer alsa da (el-Bakara 2\/196; el-M\u00e2ide 5\/2, 95, 97; el-Hac 22\/28, 36, 37; el-Feth 48\/25) dolayl\u0131 bir i\u015faret hari\u00e7 (el-Kevser 108\/2) hac d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kurban ibadetine temas edilmez. \u0130badetler konusunda takip edilen te\u015fr\u00ee\u2018siyasetine uygun olarak gerek hac ve umre yapanlar\u0131n gerekse di\u011fer \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n kurban kesme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve di\u011fer kurban t\u00fcrleri hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler Hz. Peygamber\u2019in s\u00f6z ve uygulamas\u0131yla belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Mal\u00ee bir ibadet olan kurbanda taabb\u00fcd\u00ee (hikmeti bilinmeyen ve tamam\u0131yla Allah\u2019\u0131n emir ve yasa\u011f\u0131na bakan kurallard\u0131r) y\u00f6nler de bulunmakla birlikte fert ve toplum yarar\u0131 daha \u00f6n plandad\u0131r. Kurban\u0131 hayvan\u0131n eti veya derisi i\u00e7in kesiminden ay\u0131ran temel fark, onun Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 kazanma ve iste\u011fine boyun e\u011fme gayesiyle kesilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130badetin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fkil eden bu gaye ancak \u015f\u00e2riin (h\u00fck\u00fcm koyucunun) bildirdi\u011fi \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na uyuldu\u011funda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olur. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kurban ibadetinin \u00f6z\u00fc ve bi\u00e7imselli\u011fi din\u00ee bildirime dayan\u0131r. Kesilen kurban\u0131n etinin yenmesi, derisi ve di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan \u00e2zami \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 ibadetin \u00f6z\u00fcyle al\u00e2kal\u0131 bir gereklilik olmay\u0131p ikinci derecede yararlar, ibadetin d\u00fcnyev\u00ee boyutu ve anlam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2936831973\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ki\u015fi kurban kesmekle Allah\u2019\u0131n emrine boyun e\u011fmi\u015f ve kulluk bilincini korudu\u011funu canl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymu\u015f olur. Bunu yaparken de mal\u0131n\u0131 Allah i\u00e7in telef etmesi de\u011fil en yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak insanlara yararl\u0131 olacak tarzda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi istenmi\u015ftir. Kur\u2019an\u2019da kurban\u0131n kan ve etinin de\u011fil kesenlerin din\u00ee duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n (takv\u00e2) Allah\u2019a ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesi (el-Hac 22\/37) buna i\u015faret eder. Kurban Allah\u2019a verdi\u011fi nimetlerden dolay\u0131 \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr anlam\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131r. M\u00fcminler her kurban kesiminde, Hz. \u0130br\u00e2him ile o\u011flu \u0130sm\u00e2il\u2019in Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n buyru\u011funa mutlak itaat konusunda verdikleri, Kur\u2019an\u2019da da \u00f6zetle aktar\u0131lan (es-S\u00e2ff\u00e2t 37\/102-107) ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131nav\u0131n h\u00e2t\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 tazelemi\u015f ve kendilerinin de benzeri bir itaate haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131 simgesel davran\u0131\u015fla g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Kurban toplumda karde\u015flik, yard\u0131mla\u015fma ve dayan\u0131\u015fma ruhunu canl\u0131 tutar; sosyal adaletin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunur. \u00d6zellikle et sat\u0131n alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmayan veya \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan yoksullar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ortamlarda onun bu rol\u00fcn\u00fc daha belirgin bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Zengine mal\u0131n\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131, yard\u0131mla\u015fma ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla payla\u015fma yolunda harcama zevk ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verir; onu cimrilik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, d\u00fcnya mal\u0131na tutkunluktan kurtar\u0131r. Fakirin de varl\u0131kl\u0131 kullar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Allah\u2019a \u015f\u00fckretmesine, d\u00fcnya nimetinin yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 konusunda karamsarl\u0131k ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131ktan kendini kurtarmas\u0131na ve kendini toplumunun bir \u00fcyesi olarak hissetmesine vesile olur. Kurban ibadetinin yarar\u0131 sadece sosyal dayan\u0131\u015fma ve mal\u00ee yard\u0131ma indirgenemeyece\u011fi, her ibadetin \u00f6z ve bi\u00e7im olarak ayr\u0131 anlam ve hikmetleri bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in kurban yerine ba\u015fka bir ibadetin ikame edilmesi, mesel\u00e2 kurban\u0131n paras\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, fakirlere g\u0131da yard\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131, namaz k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131p oru\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131 c\u00e2iz g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2936831973\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kurban\u0131n me\u015fruiyetinde m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ittifak\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte din\u00ee h\u00fckm\u00fc fakihler aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dinen aranan \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kimselerin kurban kesmesi hanef\u00eelere g\u00f6re, v\u00e2cip, Ca\u2018feriyye ve Zeydiyye de dahil fakihlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re ise m\u00fcekked s\u00fcnnettir. Hanef\u00eeler, Kur\u2019an\u2019da Hz. Peygamber\u2019e hitaben, \u201cRabbin i\u00e7in namaz k\u0131l, kurban kes\u201d (el-Kevser 108\/2) buyrulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmmeti de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gereklilik bildirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Ayr\u0131ca Res\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in bir\u00e7ok hadisinde hali vakti yerinde olanlar\u0131n kurban kesmesi emredilmi\u015f veya tavsiye edilmi\u015f, hatta, \u201cKim imk\u00e2n\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde kurban kesmezse bizim mescidimize yakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u201d (<em>M\u00fcsned<\/em>, II, 321; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, \u201cE\u1e0d\u00e2\u1e25\u00ee\u201d, 2); \u201cEy insanlar, her sene her ev halk\u0131na kurban kesmek v\u00e2ciptir\u201d (\u0130bn M\u00e2ce, \u201cE\u1e0d\u00e2\u1e25\u00ee\u201d, 2; Tirmiz\u00ee, \u201cE\u1e0d\u00e2\u1e25\u00ee\u201d, 18) gibi ifadelerle bu gereklilik \u00f6nemle vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan kurban kesmeyi Hz. Peygamber hi\u00e7 terketmemi\u015ftir. Bu ve benzeri delillerden hareket eden fakihler, gerekli \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131n kurban bayram\u0131nda kurban kesmesini v\u00e2cip g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. S\u00fcnnet oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrenler ise Kur\u2019an\u2019da bu konuda a\u00e7\u0131k bir emrin bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, Res\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in devaml\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131n s\u00fcnnet olmas\u0131yla da a\u00e7\u0131klanabilece\u011fi noktas\u0131ndan, ayr\u0131ca bu y\u00f6ndeki sah\u00e2be uygulamas\u0131ndan hareket ederler.<\/p>\n<p>Bir kimsenin kurban kesmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in aranan \u015fartlara kurban\u0131n v\u00fcc\u00fbb \u015fartlar\u0131 denilir. Bir kimsenin kurban kesmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olabilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcsl\u00fcman, ak\u0131l b\u00e2li\u011f (ergen), mukim ve zengin olmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131 birlikte aran\u0131r. Dinen yolcu h\u00fckm\u00fcnde olan kimse kurban kesmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011fildir. Ancak yolcu h\u00fckm\u00fcnde bulunan kimsenin tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya mukimlerle birlikte kurban kesmesine bir engel de yoktur. Kurban kesme m\u00fckellefiyeti i\u00e7in d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fart mal\u00ee imk\u00e2n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da zek\u00e2t, fitre (sadaka-i f\u0131tr) ve kurban gibi mal\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunan ibadetlerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck belli bir asgari zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmaya ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dinen asgari zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olarak belirlenen bu miktara \u201cnisab\u201d denir. Hanef\u00ee mezhebine g\u00f6re kurban kesmeyi v\u00e2cip k\u0131lan zenginli\u011fin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc zek\u00e2tta ve f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131nda aranan zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle ayn\u0131 olup ki\u015finin bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ve asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 85 gr. (20 miskal) alt\u0131na ya da buna denk bir paraya veya mala sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kurban nisab\u0131nda zek\u00e2tta oldu\u011fu gibi bir y\u0131l devam etmi\u015f bir zenginlik olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 aranmayarak bayrama eri\u015fen ki\u015finin o g\u00fcnlerde bu zenginli\u011fe sahip bulunmas\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn do\u011fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6yle bir mal\u00ee imk\u00e2na sahip her m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n ak\u0131l b\u00e2li\u011f olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla kurban kesmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 ve zenginlik, hem i\u00e7inde bulunulan \u015fartlara hem de y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn konusuna g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00f6rf\u00ee oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ki\u015filerin yukar\u0131da zikredilen ilke ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hareket etmesi, kendi b\u00fct\u00e7e imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekmeden kurban \u00fccretini \u00f6deyip \u00f6deyemeyece\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmas\u0131 ve ona g\u00f6re karar vermesi gerekir. Uygun olan, kurban alma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulunmayan kimselerin kurban kesmek i\u00e7in kendini zorlamamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2936831973\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-2936831973\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kurban kesmekle m\u00fckellef olan kimsenin bu ibadeti ge\u00e7erli olarak yerine getirmi\u015f say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in gerek kurbanl\u0131k hayvanla gerekse bu hayvan\u0131n kesimiyle ilgili baz\u0131 \u015fartlar vard\u0131r. Bunlar kurban\u0131n s\u0131hhat \u015fartlar\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Dinen kurban olarak kesilmesi kabul edilmi\u015f hayvan t\u00fcrleri, topluca \u201cen\u2018\u00e2m\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan ehl\u00ee hayvanlar yani koyun, ke\u00e7i, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, manda ve devedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ancak bu hayvanlar veya t\u00fcrde\u015fleri kurban olarak kesilebilir. Tavuk, kaz, \u00f6rdek, deve ku\u015fu, ceylan gibi hayvanlar\u0131n kurban olarak kesilmesi ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. Kurban\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu hayvanlar\u0131n erkek veya di\u015fi olmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda fark yoktur.<\/li>\n<li>Koyun ve ke\u00e7i cinsinden hayvanlar bir ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurduktan sonra kurban edilebilir. Hanef\u00eeler ve Hanbel\u00eeler dahil fakihlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re, koyun semizlik ve g\u00f6steri\u015f olarak bir ya\u015f\u0131ndakilere denk olmas\u0131 halinde alt\u0131 ay\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra da kurban olarak kesilebilir. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r ve manda cinsinden hayvanlar iki ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131, deve ise be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurduktan sonra kurban edilebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Kesilecek hayvan\u0131n g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir noksan\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 gerekir. Kurban edilecek hayvan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, organlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam ve besili olmas\u0131, hem ibadetin gaye ve mahiyetine hem de sa\u011fl\u0131k kurallar\u0131na uygun d\u00fc\u015fer. K\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm derecesinde hasta, zay\u0131f ve d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn, baz\u0131 organlar\u0131 eksik, mesel\u00e2 bir veya iki g\u00f6z\u00fc k\u00f6r, kulaklar\u0131 ve boynuzlar\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden kesilmi\u015f, dili kesik, di\u015flerinin tamam\u0131 veya \u00e7o\u011fu d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, kuyru\u011fu ve memesi kesik hayvanlar kurban olmaz. Ancak hayvan\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan boynuzsuz, \u015fa\u015f\u0131, topal ve dengesiz, biraz hasta, bir kula\u011f\u0131 delinmi\u015f veya y\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131nda kurban a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir sak\u0131nca yoktur.<\/li>\n<li>Kurbanl\u0131k hayvan\u0131n kesenin m\u00fclkiyeti alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 veya kesenin b\u00f6yle bir tasarrufa yetkisinin bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Hayvan\u0131n vadeli olarak sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya hibe yoluyla edinilmesi \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>Kurban\u0131n sahih olabilmesi i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f vakit i\u00e7inde kesilmesi gerekir. Kurban, kurban bayram\u0131n\u0131n \u201ceyy\u00e2m-\u0131 nahr\u201d denilen ilk \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn\u00fc yani zilhicce ay\u0131n\u0131n on, on bir ve on ikinci g\u00fcnleri, bayram namaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcn ak\u015fam\u0131na kadarki s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda kesilebilir. \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee mezhebine ve baz\u0131 fakihlere g\u00f6re bu s\u00fcre bayram\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fc ak\u015fam\u0131na kadard\u0131r. Bayram namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nmayan yerlerde sabah namaz\u0131 vaktinden itibaren kesilebilir. Kurban\u0131n bayram\u0131n birinci g\u00fcn\u00fc kesilmesi daha faziletli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, kesimin g\u00fcnd\u00fcz yap\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>Kurban\u0131n ibadet niyetiyle kesilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Esasen kurban\u0131 di\u011fer hayvan kesimlerinden ay\u0131ran da budur. Niyette aslolan kalbin niyetidir; dil ile a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylenmesi gerekmez.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0130badet ama\u00e7l\u0131 olsun veya olmas\u0131n eti yenen hayvanlar\u0131n kesiminde aranan kurallar ana hatlar\u0131yla ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Hayvan, kesim yerine incitilmeden g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, kesilecek zaman k\u0131bleye kar\u015f\u0131 ve sol taraf\u0131 \u00fczerine yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Elinden geldi\u011fi takdirde her m\u00fckellefin kurban\u0131n\u0131 kendisinin kesmesi menduptur, de\u011filse bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na vek\u00e2let verip kestirir. Kurban\u0131 kesecek kimsenin m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131 tercihe \u015fayand\u0131r; erkek, kad\u0131n, yeti\u015fkin, \u00e7ocuk farketmez. Ehl-i kitab\u0131n kesti\u011fi dinen hel\u00e2l oldu\u011fundan yahudi ve h\u0131ristiyanlara da kesim yapt\u0131r\u0131labilir. Kurban sahibinin kesim esnas\u0131nda orada haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 m\u00fcstehapt\u0131r. Hayvan yere yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, \u201cY\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6kleri ve yeri yaratan Allah\u2019a, O\u2019nun birli\u011fine inanarak \u00e7evirdim. Ben m\u00fc\u015friklerden de\u011filim\u201d (el-En\u2018\u00e2m 6\/79); \u201cBenim namaz\u0131m, ibadetim (kurban\u0131m), hayat\u0131m ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcm hep \u00e2lemlerin rabbi olan Allah i\u00e7indir. O\u2019nun orta\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Bana b\u00f6yle emrolundu ve ben Allah\u2019a teslim olanlar\u0131n ilkiyim\u201d (el-En\u2018\u00e2m 6\/162-163) me\u00e2lindeki \u00e2yetleri okur ve kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in Allah\u2019a dua eder. Daha sonra da tekbir ve tehl\u00eel getirir.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2936831973\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kurban\u0131 kesen kimse hayvana eziyet vermemeye dikkat etmeli, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 hayvana g\u00f6stermemeli ve keskin b\u0131\u00e7ak kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011f eliyle tuttu\u011fu b\u0131\u00e7akla hayvan\u0131 keserken \u201cbismill\u00e2hi Allah\u00fcekber\u201d der. Kurban\u0131 vekilin kesmesi halinde kurban sahibi de besmeleye i\u015ftirak eder. Kurban kesen kimse kesim esnas\u0131nda Allah\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 anmay\u0131 (besmele) sehven terkederse bir \u015fey gerekmez; kasten terkederse Hanef\u00ee mezhebine g\u00f6re bu hayvan\u0131n eti yenmez.<\/p>\n<p>Kurban kesmenin r\u00fckn\u00fc kurbanl\u0131k hayvan\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131tmakt\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r, manda, koyun ve ke\u00e7i cinsinden hayvanlar yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7enelerinin hemen alt\u0131ndan bo\u011fazlanmak suretiyle (zebh), deve ise ayakta sol \u00f6n aya\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flanarak g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fcn hemen \u00fczerinden (nahr) kesilir. Kesim i\u015flemi bo\u011faz\u0131n iki taraf\u0131ndaki \u015fah damarlar\u0131, yem ve yemek borusundan en az \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc kesilerek yap\u0131l\u0131r ve hayvan\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131n iyice akmas\u0131n\u0131 temin i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre beklenir. Hayvana ac\u0131 vermemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce \u015foka sokmak (bay\u0131ltmak), sonra kesmek c\u00e2izdir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015foka giren hayvan \u00f6lmez, hayat\u0131 devam eder, ancak kesilince kan\u0131 akar ve \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Kurban sahibi kurban\u0131n etinden yiyebilir, bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulundu\u011fu kimselere yedirebilir; ancak etinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131 gerekir. Yenecek ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacak miktar konusunda kesin bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc koymak zor olmakla birlikte din\u00ee gelenek, kurban etinin \u00fc\u00e7 e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcp bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n kurban sahibi ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kimseler taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketilmesi, ikinci par\u00e7an\u0131n zengin bile olsalar e\u015f, dost ve akrabaya hediye edilmesi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc par\u00e7an\u0131n ise kurban kesmeyen fakir kimselere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklindedir. Ki\u015finin bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulundu\u011fu kimselerin kalabal\u0131k olmas\u0131 veya ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde kurban etinin kimseye da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmadan evde t\u00fcketilmesi de bir sak\u0131nca ta\u015f\u0131maz. Kurban sahibinin kurban etinden hem yemesi, hem ikram etmesi hem de fakirlere da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131 genel bir kural olup bunun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve \u015feklini her m\u00fckellefin kendi durumunu, \u00e7evresinin ihtiya\u00e7 ve imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak bizzat belirlemesi ve bu konuda ibadet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla hareket etmesi do\u011fru olur. Kurban\u0131n etinin kesimin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 te\u015fvik edilirse de daha fazla ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerinin bulunmas\u0131 halinde ba\u015fka yerle\u015fim birimlerine de g\u00f6nderilebilir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2936831973\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kurban s\u0131rf Allah r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in kesildi\u011finden etinin sat\u0131lmas\u0131 c\u00e2iz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi derisi, y\u00fcn\u00fc, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131, kemikleri, i\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131 gibi eti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n da sahibine gelir temin etmek amac\u0131yla para ile sat\u0131lmas\u0131 c\u00e2iz de\u011fildir. Bunlar\u0131 kurban sahibi evde kullanabilece\u011fi gibi kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere birine hediye de edebilir. E\u011fer satacak olursa paras\u0131n\u0131 sadaka olarak vermesi gerekir. E\u011fer kurban \u00fccretle kestirilmi\u015fse kesim \u00fccreti kurban\u0131n eti veya derisiyle veya bunlar\u0131n paras\u0131yla \u00f6denmez. Kurbanl\u0131k hayvan\u0131n kesim \u00f6ncesinde s\u00fct\u00fcnden ve y\u00fcn\u00fcnden yararlanmak c\u00e2iz olmay\u0131p yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa bedelinin sadaka olarak verilmesi gerekir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kurbanl\u0131k koyun ve ke\u00e7inin y\u00fcn\u00fc kesimden sonra k\u0131rk\u0131l\u0131p evde ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir, fakat sat\u0131l\u0131p paraya \u00e7evrilmemeli, aksi halde sadaka olarak verilmelidir.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2936831973\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kesim i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7evre temizli\u011finin iyice yap\u0131lmas\u0131, hayvan\u0131n artan par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n topra\u011fa derince g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u0131\u015far\u0131da hi\u00e7bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir. Bu husus, kurbanl\u0131k hayvana ve kurban ibadetine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilecek sayg\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde ve kalabal\u0131k yerle\u015fim birimlerinde sa\u011fl\u0131k kurallar\u0131, \u00e7evre temizli\u011fi ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdiden hepinizin Kurban Bayram\u0131n\u0131 tebrik ediyorum. Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131z Allah\u2019a kurbiyete vesile olsun, karde\u015fli\u011fimiz daim olsun in\u015fallah. Allah\u2019a emanet olun!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Bu yaz\u0131, Diyanet \u0130slam Ansiklobedisi \u201cKurban\u201dmaddesi \u00f6zetlenerek haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3015152027\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK, D\u00fczce \u0130l Milli E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Maarif M\u00fcfetti\u015fi, E\u011fitimci Yazar &nbsp; Arap\u00e7a\u2019da gerek madd\u00ee gerekse m\u00e2nev\u00ee her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yak\u0131n olmay\u0131 ku\u015fatacak bir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":25531,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-ass","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Nevzat.jpg?fit=184%2C194&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40204"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40204\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}