{"id":36752,"date":"2019-05-30T13:18:10","date_gmt":"2019-05-30T10:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=36752"},"modified":"2019-06-22T01:04:22","modified_gmt":"2019-06-21T22:04:22","slug":"islamda-zekat-ve-fitir-sadakasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/islamda-zekat-ve-fitir-sadakasi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam&#8217;da Zekat ve F\u0131t\u0131r Sadakas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u00e7o\u011falma, bereket, ar\u0131tma, temizlik, g\u00fczel \u00f6vg\u00fc gibi m\u00e2n\u00e2lara gelen\u00a0<strong>\u201czek\u00e2t\u201d, dince zengin say\u0131lan ki\u015filerden muayyen miktarda (oranda) al\u0131n\u0131p, Allah\u2019\u0131n emretti\u011fi kimselere verilen mal, \u00fcr\u00fcn veya paraya denir.<\/strong>\u00a0Kur\u2019an ve hadislerde \u201dsadaka\u201d kelimesi manas\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lan zek\u00e2t,\u00a0<strong>hicretin ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f<\/strong>\u00a0olmakla birlikte, hicretten \u00f6nce de mal\u00ee yard\u0131mla\u015fman\u0131n gereklili\u011fi, yoksullara ve muhta\u00e7lara yard\u0131m edilmesi gerekti\u011fi bir\u00e7ok \u00e2yet ve hadiste ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Nisap miktar\u0131 ise; zek\u00e2t, sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r ve kurban gibi ibadetler i\u00e7in konulan bir zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nisap, asgar\u00ee zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc \u015feklinde de tan\u0131mlanabilir. Borcundan ve asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan (Temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddeleri, insanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmeleri i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u015feylerdir. Bunlar genel olarak ise, ev, ev e\u015fyas\u0131, elbise, mesle\u011fine ait alet ve makineler, binek ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 gibi \u015feylerdir. Kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 haricinde bakmakla m\u00fckellef oldu\u011fu ki\u015filer ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 da buna d\u00e2hildir) fazla olarak bu kadar mala sahip olan ki\u015fi dinen zengin say\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir ki\u015fi, zek\u00e2t veya sadaka alamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi; sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r vermek ve kurban kesmekle de y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur. Bor\u00e7tan ve asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan fazla olan bu mal\u0131n art\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00fcnden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi gerekir. Zenginli\u011fin asgari s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olan \u201cnisap\u201d Hz. Peygamber taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu asgar\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlar, o d\u00f6nem \u0130slam toplumunun ortalama hayat standard\u0131n\u0131 ve zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir. Hadislerde belirlenen nisap miktarlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir: 80,18 gr. alt\u0131n veya bunun tutar\u0131nda para veya ticaret mal\u0131; 40 koyun veya ke\u00e7i, 30 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, 5 deve. Nisap miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde kullan\u0131lan bu mallar\u0131n, o d\u00f6nemin en yayg\u0131n zenginlik arac\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Nisab\u0131n bu mallar \u00fczerinden belirlenmesi, sosyal ve ekonomik \u015fartlar\u0131n fazla de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi ileriki d\u00f6nemlerde de aynen korunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130slam&#8217;\u0131n temel ibadetlerinden biri olan zek\u00e2t; namaz, oru\u00e7 ve hac gibi peygamberler silsilesinden kalma k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ibadettir. \u0130slam dininde muhta\u00e7lara yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenen mali yard\u0131m\u0131n asgari s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olan zekat\u0131n, miktar ve mahiyeti belirlenmeksizin ge\u00e7mi\u015f semavi dinlerde de bulunan bir ibadet oldu\u011funu Kur&#8217;an-\u0131 Kerim bize haber vermektedir. (Kur\u2019an: el-Bakara. 83; el-Maide, 12; el-Enbiya. 73: Meryem. 56: el-Beyyine, 4-5) Ancak \u0130slam\u2019daki zek\u00e2t, ge\u00e7mi\u015f semavi dinlerdeki zek\u00e2ttan farkl\u0131 bir ibadettir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kur&#8217;an&#8217;da daha \u00f6nceki \u00fcmmetlere emrolundu\u011fu haber verilen zek\u00e2t, fakir ve muhta\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 c\u00f6mert\u00e7e infak ve ihsanda bulunmak manas\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130slam\u2019daki zek\u00e2t ise, \u0130slam&#8217;\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131ndan ya da dinin farz; ibadetlerinden biri olup miktar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir<\/p>\n<p>Buna g\u00f6re zekat; Kelime-i \u015eehadet ile m\u00fc&#8217;min ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup Allah&#8217;\u0131n birli\u011fini kalben tasdik ve diliyle ikrar ederek O&#8217;na kullu\u011funu ve emirlerine itaati kabullenen m\u00fc&#8217;minin s\u00f6z\u00fcnde ve \u00f6z\u00fcnde do\u011frulu\u011funu fiilen g\u00f6sterece\u011fi bir ibadettir. Allah Teala m\u00fc&#8217;minlere \u00f6nce bedenen ve ruhen i\u015ftirak edip ya\u015fayarak Allah&#8217;a teslimiyet, itaat, ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ve ta&#8217;zim hislerini y\u00f6neltecekleri ve bu sayede Rableri ile s\u0131k s\u0131k diyalog kurabilecekleri ve nispeten nefse fazla a\u011f\u0131r gelmeyecek bir ibadet olarak namaz\u0131 ve sonra orucu emretmi\u015ftir. Daha sora Allah Teala, bu ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ve teslimiyeti sosyal bir ba\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da i\u00e7ine al\u0131p maldan fedakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 gerektiren bir emirle denemek ve peki\u015ftirmek \u00fczere m\u00fc &#8216;minlere mali bir ibadet olarak zekat\u0131 teklif etmi\u015ftir. Nitekim iman ettiklerini s\u00f6yledikleri halde, iman\u0131 hen\u00fcz kalplerine sindirememi\u015f olan baz\u0131 bedevi Araplar\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in ellerinden \u00e7\u0131karabilecek kadar Allah &#8216;a ba\u011flan\u0131p teslim olmad\u0131klar\u0131, Hz. Peygamberin vefat\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilip zekat\u0131 \u00f6demek istemeyi\u015fleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-196701577\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130slam&#8217;\u0131n di\u011fer ibadetlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi zek\u00e2t da, sadece d\u00fcnya veya sadece ahirete ait gayelere y\u00f6nelik bir ibadet de\u011fildir. O, d\u00fcnyevi ve uhrevi hedefleri bir arada bulunduran bir ibadet olu\u015fu itibar\u0131yla kulu Rabbine yakla\u015ft\u0131ran, onun r\u0131za ve ho\u015fnutlu\u011funa ula\u015ft\u0131ran, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uhrevi mutluluk ve sevap beklenen, bunlarla birlikte fert ve toplum hayat\u0131nda ruhi, ahlaki, sosyal, ekonomik konularda pratik faydalara vesile olan bir ibadettir. Zira zekat bir ibadet olarak, kul ile Y\u00fcce Allah aras\u0131nda kurulan bir ba\u011f, bir diyalogdur. Kulun Rabbine y\u00f6neli\u015fi, O&#8217;na itaat ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sevgi, sayg\u0131. \u015f\u00fckran ve ta&#8217;zim duygular\u0131n\u0131 ifade edi\u015fidir. Ancak mali bir ibadet olu\u015fu itibar\u0131yla da zek\u00e2t, kul ile Allah aras\u0131nda kalmayarak, ondan istifade etmek durumunda olanlar\u0131 da ilgilendirmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle o. di\u011fer \u0130slami ibadetlere nispetle sosyal y\u00f6n\u00fc daha a\u011f\u0131r basan bir ibadet \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u0130slam dini kendinden beklenen \u00f6zellikle sosyal ve ekonomik neticelerin fert ve toplum hayat\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in zek\u00e2ta ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Kur&#8217;an&#8217;da Allah&#8217;a ve Resul\u00fcne iman ve itaatten sonra dinin dire\u011fi olan namaz ve hemen pe\u015finden zek\u00e2t emri zikredilmektedir (Kur&#8217;an: el-Bakara. 43,83; en-Nisa 77.162; el-Maide 12,55 55; et-Tevbe 5,\u00a0 el-Enbiya 73; e1-Hacc 41, 78: en-Nur 37.56; en-Neml 13: Lokman 4; el-Ahzap 33; el-M\u00fccadele 13; el-M\u00fczemmil 20: el-Beyyine 5.)<\/p>\n<p>Kur&#8217;an, m\u00fclk\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek sahibinin, Allah oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eker . Buna g\u00f6re mal ve m\u00fclk, Allah&#8217;\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki halifesi olarak insana, onun r\u0131zas\u0131na uygun olarak tasarrufla bulunmak \u00fczere emaneten verilmi\u015ftir. Bu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zekat, m\u00fc&#8217;minin kendisine verilen malda yapaca\u011f\u0131 tasarrufla ilgili ilahi bir emirdir. M\u00fclk\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek sahibi, zenginden kendisine fakirlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmak \u00fczere verdi\u011fi muayyen miktar\u0131n, hak sahiplerine verilmesini talep etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz Ramazan ay\u0131nda zek\u00e2t ve sadaka vermek, yap\u0131lan hay\u0131rl\u0131 amel ve ibadetlerin kabul\u00fcne vesile olacak \u00f6nemli bir kulluk ifadesidir.\u00a0<strong>Az da olsa her g\u00fcn bir miktar sadaka vermeyi adet haline getirmek Ramazan ay\u0131nda ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. <\/strong>Zira<strong>\u00a0Peygamberimiz Ramazan ay\u0131nda daha fazla sadaka vermeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterirdi.<\/strong>\u00a0O,\u00a0<strong>\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong>\u00a0olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zek\u00e2t ve sadaka hususunda daima M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara \u00f6rnek olmu\u015ftur. Allah\u2019a, ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne, peygambere ve onun s\u00f6zlerine inanan, servetinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve bereketlenmesini isteyen kimse \u00fczerine farz olan zek\u00e2t ibadetiyle yetinmemeli, elinden geldi\u011fi kadar iyilik yapmal\u0131, a\u00e7lar\u0131 doyurmal\u0131, hastalara ve \u00e7aresizlere yard\u0131m etmelidir. Yoksullar\u0131n zek\u00e2ttan ba\u015fka da zenginlerin mallar\u0131nda hakk\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen peygamberimiz sadaka, teberru ve hediye ismi alt\u0131nda yard\u0131m etmemiz gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eunu unutmamak gerekir ki, Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131, fakirlerin g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde, mahzunlar\u0131n kalbinde gizlidir. K\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir g\u00f6lgenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fcnde Allah\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6lgesi alt\u0131nda g\u00f6lgelendirecek olan zek\u00e2t ve sadaka cehennem azab\u0131ndan koruyan birer kalkand\u0131r. G\u00fcnahlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131na vesile olacak zek\u00e2t ve sadaka manevi derecesini y\u00fckseltmek isteyenler i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli bir kulluk g\u00f6revidir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca \u015funu da belirtmek gerekir ki\u00a0<strong>Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n sonuna yeti\u015fen, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f ikram\u0131 olarak her m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n vermesi gereken f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 da \u00f6nemli bir ibadettir.<\/strong>\u00a0Bu, yoksullar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye, bayram g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn sevincine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na bir vesile olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi orucun kabul\u00fcne ve kabir azab\u0131ndan kurtulu\u015fa da bir yoldur. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile fitre sadakas\u0131, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir hay\u0131r ve bir g\u00f6revdir.<strong>\u00a0Bu ibadeti b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ganimet bilerek bayram namaz\u0131ndan \u00f6nce verilmesi efdaldir.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0Kerim bir ay olan Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131 hay\u0131r ve iyiliklerle ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat bilmek, onu iyi de\u011ferlendirmeye azmetmek ve bu azimde sadakat g\u00f6stermek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Halk aras\u0131nda fitre denilen sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r, Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n sonuna yeti\u015fen ve asl\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka, art\u0131c\u0131 olma ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7me \u015fart\u0131 aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n nisap miktar\u0131 mala sahip bulunan her M\u00fcsl\u00fcman&#8217;\u0131n vermesi vacip olan mali bir ibadettir. Fitre, insan f\u0131trat\u0131ndaki yard\u0131mla\u015fma ve dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olarak insan bedeninin zek\u00e2t\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle fitreye, \u201ccan sadakas\u0131\u201d veya \u201cbeden sadakas\u0131\u201d da denilmektedir. Di\u011fer taraftan fitre, yoksullar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesinde, bayram g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ne\u015fesinden onlar\u0131n da istifade etmelerinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2667750795\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131, Ramazan orucunun farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hicretin 2. y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eaban ay\u0131nda, zek\u00e2ttan \u00f6nce me\u015fru k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bir yard\u0131mla\u015fma olup, orucun kabul\u00fcne, \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan ve kabir azab\u0131ndan kurtulu\u015fa bir vesiledir. Yoksullar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye ve onlar\u0131n da bayram sevincine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na bir yard\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Fitre hadis deliline dayan\u0131r. \u0130lgili hadisler ayn\u0131 zamanda onun uygulama \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 da belirler. Abdullah \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019den \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fi nakledilmi\u015ftir: \u201c<strong>Hz. Peygamber fitrenin, insanlar Bayram Namaz\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce verilmesini emretmi\u015ftir\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0(\u015eevk\u00e2n\u00ee, Neyl\u00fc\u2019l-Evt\u00e2r, IV, 183.) \u0130bn Abbas (r. anh\u00fcm\u00e2)\u2019n\u0131n nakletti\u011fi bir hadiste \u015f\u00f6yle buyurulur: \u201c<strong>Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.s) oru\u00e7lular\u0131 gereksiz ve \u00e7irkin s\u00f6zlerden ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak ve yoksullara yiyecek\u00a0 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in fitreyi farz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fitreyi kim namazdan \u00f6nce \u00f6derse, bu makbul bir zek\u00e2t, kim de namazdan sonra \u00f6derse, herhangi bir sadaka olur.<\/strong>\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 70, 71, 77; M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t, 12 , 13, 16)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kimler fitre vermekle m\u00fckelleftir? <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> M\u00fcsl\u00fcman:<\/strong>Fitre y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ancak \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee Mezhebi\u2019nden bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, gayr-i m\u00fcslim bir kimsenin, bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n fitresini \u00f6demesi gerekir.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong>Hanef\u00eelere g\u00f6re fitre sadakas\u0131 ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131lmak i\u00e7in, ki\u015finin Ramazan Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n birinci g\u00fcn\u00fc, temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda nisap miktar\u0131 mala sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Zek\u00e2t nisab\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak, sahip olunan mal\u0131n \u201cart\u0131c\u0131 (n\u00e2m\u00ee)\u201d \u00f6zellikte olmas\u0131 ve \u00fczerinden bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunmas\u0131 gerekmez. Temel ihtiya\u00e7lar mesken, elbise, ev e\u015fyas\u0131, binit, silah, hizmet\u00e7i, ailenin bir y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7im masraflar\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Nisap miktar\u0131 iki y\u00fcz dirhem g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f veya yirmi miskal alt\u0131n veya bunlar\u0131n k\u0131ymetine denk bir mald\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, M\u00e2lik\u00ee ve Hanbel\u00ee mezheplerine g\u00f6re ise, f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fcc\u00fbbu i\u00e7in, zenginlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olan nisaba m\u00e2lik olmak \u015fart de\u011fildir. Temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bayram g\u00fcn ve gecesinde yetecek kadar az\u0131\u011fa sahip olmak yeterlidir.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Ehliyet:<\/strong>Eb\u00fb Hanife, Eb\u00fb Y\u00fbsuf ve di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 mezhep imam\u0131n\u0131n ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00e2l\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bununla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck i\u00e7in ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve ergen olmak \u015fart de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve ak\u0131l hastas\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131ndan da velisinin fitre vermesi gereklidir. Fitrenin ibadet y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcn kabul eden, Hanef\u00eelerden \u0130mam Muhammed ve Z\u00fcfer\u2019e g\u00f6re ise, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131ndan f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 gerekmez.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Vel\u00e2yet ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck:<\/strong>Bir kimsenin, kendi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015finin f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu ki\u015finin onun vel\u00e2yeti alt\u0131nda olan ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulundu\u011fu ki\u015filerden olmas\u0131 gerekir. Buna g\u00f6re bir kimse vel\u00e2yeti alt\u0131nda bulunan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n veya ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 olan yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n fitresini vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ramazan Bayram\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nce vefat eden o\u011flunun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da bu kapsamdad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ki\u015finin bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olsa bile, ana babas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, kar\u0131s\u0131, karde\u015fleri ve di\u011fer yak\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 vermesi gerekmez. Bununla birlikte vek\u00e2letleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde bu ki\u015filer i\u00e7in f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 verse, bu yeterli olur. B\u00f6ylece yoksullar bununla Bayram Namaz\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f olurlar.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Vakit:<\/strong>Hanef\u00eelere g\u00f6re, f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 Ramazan Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1. g\u00fcn\u00fc fecrin do\u011fu\u015fu ile v\u00e2cip olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fitre bayrama ait k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece oru\u00e7 tutman\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fcnde, fitre ile yoksul M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sevin\u00e7le bayrama kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Fitre, Ramazan Bayram\u0131\u2019ndan bir veya iki g\u00fcn \u00f6ncesi ile Bayram Namaz\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6denir. B\u00f6ylece yoksullar bununla, Bayram Namaz\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f olurlar. Bununla birlikte fitre, Ramazan\u2019\u0131n girmesinden itibaren, hatta Ramazan ay\u0131 girmeden \u00f6nce de \u00f6denebilir. Bayram g\u00fcn\u00fcnden sonraya kal\u0131rsa, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fmez ve ilk f\u0131rsatta \u00f6denmesi gerekir. Fakihler(\u0130slam hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131, f\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131lar), fitrenin bayram g\u00fcn\u00fc sabah vakti girdikten sonra ve namaz k\u0131l\u0131nmadan \u00f6nce verilmesinin m\u00fcstehap oldu\u011fu hususunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7indedir. Dayand\u0131klar\u0131 delil, Abdullah \u0130bn \u00d6mer (r. anh\u00fcm\u00e2)\u2019den rivayet edilen \u015fu hadistir: \u201cHz. Peygamber fitrenin, insanlar bayram namaz\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce verilmesini emretmi\u015ftir\u201d (\u015eevk\u00e2n\u00ee, Neyl\u00fc\u2019l-Evt\u00e2r, IV, 183.)<\/p><div id=\"bghab-997573262\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 (fitre)\u00a0kimlere verilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fitre, verilece\u011fi yerler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan her durumda zek\u00e2t\u0131n benzeridir. Ayet-i kerimede a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201c<strong>Sadakalar (zekatlar), Allah\u2019tan bir farz olarak ancak fakirler, d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnler, zek\u00e2t toplayan memurlar, kalpleri \u0130slam\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lacak olanlarla (\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fturulacak) k\u00f6leler, bor\u00e7lular, Allah yolunda cihad edenler ve yolda kalm\u0131\u015f yolcular i\u00e7indir<\/strong>. Allah hakk\u0131yla bilendir, h\u00fck\u00fcm ve hikmet sahibidir.\u201d (Tevbe Suresi 60) Bir kimse fitresini bir veya bir ka\u00e7 yoksula verebilir. Birden \u00e7ok kimseler de fitrelerini bir ka\u00e7 yoksula veya tek yoksula verebilirler. Fitre y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yerdeki yoksullara verilmelidir.\u00a0<strong>Ba\u015fka yerlere g\u00f6nderilmesi mekruhtur<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>F\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 (fitre)\u00a0kimlere verilmez?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fitrenin,\u00a0<strong>Tevbe S\u00fbresi\u2019nin 60. ayetinde say\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flara<\/strong>\u00a0verilmesi caiz de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca fitre verilecek ki\u015fi, bu \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131sa bile;\u00a0<strong>Ana, baba, b\u00fcy\u00fck ana ve b\u00fcy\u00fck babalar\u0131na, o\u011ful, o\u011flun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, k\u0131z, k\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve bunlardan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na<\/strong>\u00a0fitre verilmez.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.islamveihsan.com\/2019-fitre-miktari-ne-kadar.html\"><strong>2019\u00a0f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 (fitre)\u00a0miktar\u0131 ne kadar?<\/strong><\/a><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2938947371\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Din \u0130\u015fleri Y\u00fcksek Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Ramazan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na kadar\u00a0<strong>en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131r miktar\u0131n\u0131 23TL<\/strong>\u00a0olarak belirledi. Belirlenen bu miktar, \u201casgari miktar\u201d olup, sadaka-i f\u0131t\u0131rda verilecek mebla\u011f konusunda bir \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r bulunmuyor. Bu konuda ideal olan\u0131n, herkesin kendi hayat standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re asgari g\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u0131da harcamalar\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fecek bir mebla\u011f\u0131 vermesi olarak belirtiliyor. S\u00f6z konusu yard\u0131m, g\u0131da gibi ayni olarak veya para \u015feklinde nakdi olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ramazan\u0131 vesile k\u0131larak, ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerini g\u00f6zeterek yard\u0131m eli uzatal\u0131m. Bizlere sonsuz nimetler veren Allah\u2019\u0131n emrine uyarak \u015f\u00fckr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ede edelim. Verelim ki; Allah da bize bol bol ihsan etsin. Zekat veya f\u0131t\u0131r sadakas\u0131 vermemek i\u00e7in fetva aramak yerine kalbimize dan\u0131\u015farak, vicdani sorumlukla yoksullara yard\u0131m edelim. Zekat ve sadakalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, nereye gitti\u011fi belli olmayan vak\u0131f, tarikat, cemaat vb yerlere vermenin bedelini \u00f6dedi\u011fimiz ac\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeyi de unutmadan bizzat ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine ula\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m. Bunu yaparken, \u00f6ncelikle kendi kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131zdan, yak\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131zdan ba\u015flayarak verelim.<\/p>\n<p>Rabbim zekatlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, f\u0131t\u0131r sadakalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, Ramazanda tuttu\u011fumuz oru\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kabul eylesin. Hepinizi Allah\u2019a emanet ediyorum.<\/p>\n<p>Payla\u015fmay\u0131 da unutmay\u0131n\u0131z<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2390713132\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-193156603\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK S\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u00e7o\u011falma, bereket, ar\u0131tma, temizlik, g\u00fczel \u00f6vg\u00fc gibi m\u00e2n\u00e2lara gelen\u00a0\u201czek\u00e2t\u201d, dince zengin say\u0131lan ki\u015filerden muayyen miktarda (oranda) al\u0131n\u0131p, Allah\u2019\u0131n emretti\u011fi kimselere verilen mal,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":31811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/nevzat-hoca-r.jpg?fit=640%2C640&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-9yM","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36752"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36752\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}