{"id":35569,"date":"2019-04-13T19:48:43","date_gmt":"2019-04-13T16:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=35569"},"modified":"2021-03-25T22:46:12","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T19:46:12","slug":"yok-sayilanlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/yok-sayilanlar\/","title":{"rendered":"Yok Say\u0131lanlar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tarih: 13 Nisan 2019<br \/>\nYazan: \u015eakir Aslanta\u015f<br \/>\nKonu:\u00a0 <strong>Ge\u00e7i\u015f D\u00f6nemine (1989-1999) farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcrkleri g\u00f6rmeden tarih yazma denemesi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019da \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli yeni geli\u015fmeler oluyor. \u00a0Hafta i\u00e7inde 2 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Sofya\u2019dayd\u0131m. Ba\u015fkent sakin g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, bu defa eski bir sanayi \u015fehri olan Gabrovo patlad\u0131. Telefonuma akan haberlerde, il merkez belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00a0Tanya Hristova ve Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Tomislav Don\u00e7ev deme\u00e7 ard\u0131na deme\u00e7 veriyor. 3 gecedir \u015fehir uyumuyor. 2 ev yak\u0131ld\u0131. Kan d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc. Hastanelik olaylar var.\u00a0 H\u00fckumete g\u00f6re sorun \u201cetnik de\u011fil\u201d. Ne var ki sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayanlar Roman mahallesinde oturanlar. Kendilerini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u201c\u015fehirde az\u0131nl\u0131k okulu yok\u201d diyorlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131n cahillikten f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemiyorlar. Adaletin ayd\u0131nl\u0131ktan geldi\u011fini kabul etmeyenler parmaklar\u0131na demir boks takm\u0131\u015f, ellerinde demir \u00e7ubuklu gen\u00e7lerin ne istedi\u011fine de de\u011finmiyorlar.\u00a0 Protesto g\u00f6sterileri ak\u015fam karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Kanl\u0131 g\u00f6zler Belediye ve \u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 binalar\u0131nda. Susan kitle bu binalar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek ve idarecilerden hesap sormak istiyorlar. Bu kalk\u0131\u015fman\u0131n alt\u0131nda etnik d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131ktan patlayan \u00f6fke var. Romanler (\u00c7ingene az\u0131nl\u0131k) \u015fehirden kovuluyor, temizlik isteniyor. Ate\u015flenmeye vesile bir market kavgas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fik Amerika Helzinki Komitesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Asli Heystings Gabrovoya geldi ve \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri d\u00fcnyaya duyurdu: \u201cBurada ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k var. H\u00fck\u00fcmet Roman az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in daha fazla gayret g\u00f6stermelidir. Bulgaristan\u2019da Roman az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet t\u0131rman\u0131yor. Roman \u201cyok\u201d demekle sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmez. Belediye ve Polis Amirli\u011fine sald\u0131r\u0131 demokrasiye sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Gabrovo\u2019da Romanlerin evleri ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fckumet kat\u0131ndan Roman d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 sald\u0131rgan s\u00f6ylevler geliyor, bunlar \u00fclkeyi yakabilir. Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131m\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Krasimir Karaka\u00e7anov\u2019un \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kabul edilir gibi de\u011fildir. O, tehlike k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131yor. Roman evlerinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan zevk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden okunuyor. Besbelli ki, evsiz kalanlar vatandan ka\u00e7\u0131nca etnik temizli\u011fin ba\u015far\u0131 elde edece\u011fine inan\u0131yor. Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k alm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, pa\u00e7alar\u0131ndan ak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Belediye ve polis s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri Gabrovo\u2019da \u201cRoman n\u00fcfus olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d iddia etseler de, anaokulu ve okul m\u00fcd\u00fcrlerinin ortak beyan\u0131nda bu hafta az\u0131nl\u0131klardan 38 \u00e7ocuk anaokuluna ve 100 \u00f6\u011frenci de okula gitmemi\u015ftir. Yok say\u0131lan az\u0131nl\u0131ktan 138 \u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretim sistemine kay\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniyoruz.\u00a0 Kent y\u00f6netimine g\u00f6re bu yerle\u015fim merkezinde GETTO \u201cyok\u201d, fakat mahallede y\u0131k\u0131lan ve yak\u0131lan, ya\u011fmalanan evler var. TV m\u00fclakatlar\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131 kimsesiz Roman kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusun\u201d \u015fehri terk etti\u011fini, \u201ckay\u0131plara kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d, \u201cKoca Balkan&#8217;a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u011fa\u00e7 kavuklar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. \u00a0Yok say\u0131lanlar\u0131 ve yok olanlar\u0131 anlat\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p><div id=\"bghab-458065595\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu haberleri kulakl\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan dinlerken, Sofya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cRakovski Soka\u011f\u0131nda\u201d y\u00fcr\u00fcyordum. Solumda kalan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck parkta, \u00a01879-1886 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan Prensi olan ve problemlerin alt\u0131ndan kalkamay\u0131nca, tac\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rlat\u0131p \u00fclkeyi terk eden Aleksand\u0131r Batenberg\u2019in\u00a0 bo\u015f kalan taht\u0131n\u0131 doldurmaya Ferdinand Sakskoburrgotskiyi bulup getiren, onu Bulgaristan taht\u0131na oturtan naip ve 1887-1894 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 Bulgar Prensli\u011fi Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u00a0 Stefan Stanbolov\u2019un ibret veren heykeli dikkatimi \u00e7ekiyor. Tam ortas\u0131ndan ikiye sat\u0131rlar yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015f! Bulgar tarihini \u00f6\u011frenmek isteyenin \u00f6nce buraya gelip Stanbolov\u2019un hayat \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc dinlesin. Bu benim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncem olsa bile, Stambolov VMRO \u2013\u0130\u00e7 Makedon Devrim \u00d6rg\u00fcy\u00fc katilleri taraf\u0131ndan vah\u015fice \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn Bulgaristan Ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 beni hem kahrediyor hem de \u201cbu kadar duyars\u0131z bir halk olabilirmi? Sorusu ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 zonklat\u0131yor. \u201cBatanberg Bul\u201d kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndaki k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131kta durdum. Yolumu bir de upuzun kalabal\u0131k bir insan kuyru\u011fu kesti.<\/p>\n<p>Sordum. \u201c\u0130van Kostov \u201c1989 \u2013 1999 Ge\u00e7i\u015f D\u00f6nemi Tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yacak, kuyruktay\u0131z\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131m. \u0130v. Kostov, 1997 \u2013 2001 Bulgaristan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131yd\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce de 2 h\u00fck\u00fcmette Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. \u00a0Demokratik G\u00fc\u00e7ler Birli\u011fi (CDC) i\u00e7inden s\u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayd\u0131nlarla \u00a0G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Bulgaristan Hareketini (DSB) kurdu. Bir Ba\u015fbakan olarak o, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne giden, Bulgaristan\u2019da isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme zulm\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklere yap\u0131lan eziyetten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc resmen \u00f6z\u00fcr dileyen ba\u015fbakand\u0131r. \u00a0Bursa \u201cAl Sancak\u201d Stadyumunda soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za hitaben devlet ad\u0131na af isteyen de odur. Onlardan da en samimi s\u00f6zlerle \u00f6z\u00fcr dileyen, k\u00fcrs\u00fcden inip Plevne tutuk evinde ve\u00a0 \u201cBelene\u201d s\u00fcrg\u00fcn kamp\u0131nda kendisine \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fkence yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrk ismi de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyince, kay\u0131tlara \u201c\u00f6ld\u00fc\u201d olarak \u00a0ge\u00e7en Bayan H\u00fcsniye Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n elini \u00f6pen onurlu politik \u015fahsiyettir \u0130van Kostov.<\/p>\n<p>Bunlar\u0131 bildi\u011fimden dolay\u0131 olaya ilgim artt\u0131 ve ben de bekleyenlere kat\u0131ld\u0131m. \u201cOrdu Evi\u201dnin b\u00fcy\u00fck salonuna 10 bin ki\u015fi zor s\u0131\u011fd\u0131. Kuyruk hi\u00e7 azalmam\u0131\u015f. \u0130\u00e7eri giremeyenler ta\u015f f\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f s\u0131cak somun kap\u0131\u015f\u0131r gibi, 2 saatte 20 bin kitab\u0131 kap\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130v. Kostov h\u0131nca h\u0131n\u00e7 dolu salonda ayakta kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Yorgun oldu\u011fu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden ve y\u00fcz\u00fcnden belliydi.\u00a0 Daha \u00f6nce i\u015flenmemi\u015f bir konuda bir Bulgar ba\u015fbakan\u0131n 1989\u2019da ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Ge\u00e7i\u015f D\u00f6nemini bir \u201cKar\u015f\u0131 Devrim\u201d olarak nitelemesi ve beklenen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin Bulgaristan\u2019da neden k\u00f6k salamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201ctoplum olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde irdelemesi ilgin\u00e7ti. Benim dikkatimi \u00e7ekense, salonda benden ba\u015fka bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Daha da ilgin\u00e7 olan ise kitab\u0131 tan\u0131tan \u201cSiela\u201d yay\u0131n evi m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve ondan sonra k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kan, ya\u015fayan birinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 447 sayfal\u0131k bir \u00a0\u201can\u0131\u201d eserini anlat\u0131rken \u00e7ok derin felsefi konulara girip \u00e7\u0131kan Bulgar profes\u00f6rlerden hi\u00e7 birinin de Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinden s\u00f6z etmeyi\u015fi oldu.\u00a0 Oysa 1989 \u2013 1999 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri Ayaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hem de XX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Bulgaristan tarihinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en \u015fiddetli ve g\u00f6rkemli ayaklanma olmu\u015ftu. Tarih y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fti. \u015eehitler verilmi\u015f. 360 bin ki\u015fi yurttan kovulmu\u015f. Etnik temizlik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel soyk\u0131r\u0131m i\u015flenmi\u015fti. Politikac\u0131 yazara soru soran 20-30 ki\u015fiden hi\u00e7 biri de, \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d ve \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayarak, totalitarizmden demokrasiye s\u00f6zde ge\u00e7i\u015fte ana motor ve vites olan Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerini \u201cyok say\u0131p\u201d konu d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece ger\u00e7e\u011fin bir kolu yenin i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00a0Konu\u015fmalar\u0131 dinlerken \u201cGabrovo Olaylar\u0131\u201d hepsini etkilemi\u015f olabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 devrim\u201d as\u0131l \u015fu oland\u0131r. Bulgarlar mayalay\u0131p kuramad\u0131klar\u0131 demokratik d\u00fczeni polis karakollar\u0131n\u0131 bas\u0131p amirlikleri, kendi oylar\u0131yla se\u00e7tikleri belediye y\u00f6netimini camdan atarak hem Romanlerden hem de demokrasiyi temsil edenlerden kurtulmak istiyor besbelli gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere tak\u0131ld\u0131m. T\u00fcrklerden s\u00f6z etmeyen \u0130v. Kostov asl\u0131nda Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Partisi\u2019nin \u201clideri\u201d olarak y\u00fckseltilen Ahmet Do\u011fan\u2019a daha \u00f6nceleri de beddua eden birisiydi, ne ki, 700 y\u0131l bu topraklar\u0131 ihya eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler\u2019in\u00a0 Do\u011fan gibi bir Moskof ajan\u0131yla ne ili\u015fkisi, ne gibi g\u00f6bek ba\u011f\u0131 olabilirdi. Do\u011fan onlar\u0131n kalp at\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ruhsal alan\u0131n\u0131n da d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan biriydi ve ak koyunla kara koyunu birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamas\u0131 gerekirdi. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri memleketimizin al\u0131 ak\u0131d\u0131r, demesini beklemi\u015ftim.<\/p>\n<p>20 leva verip ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m kitab\u0131 otele d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde a\u00e7t\u0131m. Kapa\u011f\u0131nda bir yere dayanm\u0131\u015f ya da otur gibi poz alm\u0131\u015f, elinden art\u0131k bir \u015fey gelmeyen politika d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir adam\u0131n \u00e7aresizli\u011fi yorgun g\u00f6zlerinden okunan bak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla sanki \u201cdurum bu\u201d diyordu. Kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011f elimle a\u00e7t\u0131m ve ilk 79 sayfas\u0131n\u0131 iki \u00e7ay aras\u0131 bir solukta okuyunca oturdum ve size yaral\u0131 etkileni\u015fimi k\u0131saca anlat\u0131yorum:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3446392825\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130van Kostov, 10 y\u0131l\u0131 7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde anlatm\u0131\u015f. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u201cGe\u00e7i\u015fe Giri\u015f\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda 79 sayfaya s\u0131\u011fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bir eser ne kadar hacimli olursa olsun, yaz\u0131lan son sayfalar\u0131 G\u0130R\u0130\u015e k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r ve anlat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6zl\u00fc bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kostov da \u201cBulgaristan\u2019da totalitarizmden demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u201d derken olamayan olay\u0131n nedenini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Ge\u00e7i\u015fin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Bulgar post-kom\u00fcnist toplumuydu<\/em>\u201d Engelleyen g\u00fc\u00e7, Bulgaristan Sosyalist Partisi (BSP), Demokratik Sol, Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Hareketi (DPS),\u00a0 Bulgar Biznes Blok ve di\u011fer sol partilerin toplam\u0131 oldu. Fakat o zaman Demokratik G\u00fc\u00e7ler Birli\u011fi (CDC) ve koalisyon yanda\u015flar\u0131ndan se\u00e7menlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da bu i\u015fte su\u00e7ludur, demekten \u00e7ekinmiyor ve \u015funa vurgu yap\u0131yor:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c Benim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131mdan ve daha \u00f6nceki ku\u015faktan herkeste ve bir yere kadar gelecek ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131nda post-kom\u00fcnist d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f (ideoloji) var, hepimiz kom\u00fcnizm kal\u0131tlar\u0131ndan bir \u015feyler ta\u015f\u0131yoruz. Klasik yazar Anton Pavlovi\u00e7 \u00c7ehov\u2019un dedi\u011fi gibi, hepimiz ama hepimiz, ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00f6le ruhunun kendimizden k\u0131ym\u0131k k\u0131ym\u0131k s\u00f6kmek zorunday\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7i\u015fin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda ancak demokrasi ve serbest piyasa ekonomisine \u00e7ok partisi sisteme ge\u00e7i\u015fe \u015fahitlik edebilece\u011fini itiraf eden Kostov,\u00a0 ge\u00e7i\u015fin Bulgarcada bir \u201ccins ismi\u201d oldu\u011funu, i\u00e7imizi y\u0131kan ve dert deryas\u0131 yaratan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u015feklinde bi\u00e7imlendi\u011fini anlat\u0131rken\u00a0 \u015fu noktaya i\u015faret ediyor:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBulgaristan\u2019da kom\u00fcnist rejim ve planl\u0131 ekonomiden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f y\u0131k\u0131mla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yeni i\u015flevi olan yeni yap\u0131lar\u0131n kurulabilmesi i\u00e7in eskilerin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti. Bu kendili\u011finde ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini de\u011fi\u015ftirir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n d\u00fczeni bozulur. Bizde de bozuldu.\u00a0 Eski anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne toprak serildi. Bu da herkesi i\u00e7inden y\u0131kt\u0131. Gam denizi olu\u015fturdu. Bundan dolay\u0131, GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e\u2019le gelen hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r.\u00a0 Bunu yaln\u0131z ben de\u011fil, konuya ili\u015fkin eserler yaratan pek \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr yazd\u0131.\u201d<\/p><div id=\"bghab-486254158\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ikinci alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde se\u00e7kin politikac\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019da GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e\u2019in ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lan i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, politik ve ekonomik \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131 ele al\u0131yor, fakat ancak politik ve ekonomik \u00f6n \u015fartlar \u00fczerinde duruyor.<\/p>\n<p>O, ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok Bulgar yazar, GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e OLAYININ ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak, bilin\u00e7li bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla Jivkov\u2019un 10 Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da devrilmesini g\u00f6sterdiler. Bat\u0131da \u00e7\u0131kan literat\u00fcr bu tezin kabul etmedi. Diktat\u00f6r\u00fc deviren ve totalitarizmin belini k\u0131ran M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerin 1989 May\u0131s ayaklanmas\u0131 oldu. \u0130v. Kostov olay ayn\u0131 zaman kesiminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fse de bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi i\u015flemiyor. Oysa bu halk direni\u015fine 73 bin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ortaya Bulgar devletinin g\u00fcc\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ayn\u0131 ruhta kenetlenmi\u015f bir ordu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf etmiyor. Yani T\u00fcrklerin T. Jivkov ve rejiminin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cyok say\u0131yor\u201d, bu tarihsel olaya de\u011finmeden ge\u00e7iyor ve demokrasiyi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran bir halk dirili\u015fini g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk demokrasi mitinglerinin de Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n \u201cdemokratikle\u015fmesinden bir par\u00e7a\u201d oldu\u011funu kabul etmiyor. B\u00f6ylelikle 1989 T\u00fcrk miting ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin bir etnik halk ayaklanmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve totaliter g\u00fc\u00e7leri sars\u0131p geriletti\u011fine i\u015faret bile etmiyor. Bulgaristan\u2019da demokrasi davas\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u015fehitlerinin T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndan oldu\u011funu da yazm\u0131yor.\u00a0 Bulgaristan\u2019da totaliter ortamda yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrklerin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck mitinglerinin \u201cBulgarlar\u0131 uyand\u0131ran\u201d niteli\u011fine vurgu yapm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak,\u00a0 1984-1989 zulm\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin 52 parti ve dernek \u015feklinde legal ve illegal, yar\u0131 gizli \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015fine, 21 May\u0131s 1989\u2019da Demokratik Lig partisinin Sliven\u2019in Yablanovo k\u00f6y\u00fcnde Milli Kurucu Kongre \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na da de\u011finmeyen, demokratik uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131ta T\u00fcrklerin Bulgarlardan \u00f6nde oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmeyen Kostov, Sofya\u2019da yap\u0131lan ilk kitle mitinglerinin ve \u00a0Jivkov\u2019un kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra eski partilerin yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini de\u00a0 totalitarizmden kopu\u015fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul etmiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Jivkov\u2019un devrilmesinden bir ay sonra, 11 Aral\u0131k 1989 tarihinde Bulgaristan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u00a0 (BKP) Merkez Komitesi (MK) bir Plenum toplam\u0131\u015f ve bu forumda yeni genel Sekreter Pet\u0131r Mladenov \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1580578376\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cKom\u00fcnist rejim soysuzla\u015ft\u0131, asl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti. Kom\u00fcnist rejim, Genel Sekreterin ki\u015fisel \u00e7evresinden bir grup ki\u015finin, propaganda ve bask\u0131 maiyetinin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u201d \u00a0Bu konu\u015fma demokrasi kavgas\u0131n\u0131 T.Jivkov\u2019un ki\u015fili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6neltmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu, BSP partisinin demokratikle\u015fme kavgas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fine kan\u0131tlar sundu.<\/p>\n<p>Protestolar devam ederken 1971 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1. Maddesinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi istekleri daha da \u015fiddetlendi.\u00a0 1990\u2019da Yuvarlak Masada Anayasa\u2019da 100 de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131 karara ba\u011fland\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131ndan en \u00f6nemlileri vatanda\u015flara miting, toplant\u0131 ve g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131 ve eski politik partilere konmu\u015f yasaklar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0 Ve yazar, Halk Meclisinin, B\u00fcy\u00fck Halk Meclisi se\u00e7imi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131, politik partiler yasas\u0131n\u0131 onaylamas\u0131n\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019da GE\u00c7\u0130\u015e\u0130N BA\u015eLANGICI olarak kabul ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>Kostov, ekonomik analizinde, 1990\u2019da Bulgaristan d\u0131\u015f borcunun Gayr\u0131 Safi Milli Has\u0131ladan b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu yani \u00fclkenin iflas etti\u011fini bildirirken, \u00fclkemize hi\u00e7bir Bat\u0131 devletinin d\u00f6viz baz\u0131nda kredi vermeyi kabul etmedi\u011fini yaz\u0131yor. Olay\u0131n XX. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n 3. Kez iflas edi\u015fi oldu\u011funu resmen a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu arada yine 1990\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Bulgaristan ahlak\u0131nda \u201cnefret etme\u201d, \u201c\u00f6fke besleme\u201d \u00a0hakk\u0131 do\u011fdu\u011funu, \u201c\u00e7alga\u201d m\u00fczi\u011finin halk \u00f6fkesinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yasalara uymayanlar\u0131n topluma h\u00fckmetti\u011fine ve manevi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vve h\u0131zla derinle\u015fti\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ekonominin yok olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u201cEnd\u00fcstri sonras\u0131 bir a\u015famada\u201d, \u201cbilimsel teknik ilerleme geli\u015ftirilmeyi\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler vard\u0131. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Bulgar ekonomisinin d\u00fcnya ekonomisine \u00f6rmeyi hayal edenlerdi onlar. \u00a0Oysa d\u00fcnya ekonomi merkezi artan bir g\u00fc\u00e7le Bulgar end\u00fcstrisi gibi t\u00f6kezlemi\u015fleri merkezden kuvvetle uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor ve kenara itiyordu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1230267046\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir ortamda 10 Haziran 1990\u2019da \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi se\u00e7ildi. Meclise 400 vekil girdi.\u00a0 Ondan \u00f6nce, daha 15 Ocak 1990 tarihinde olan meclis, 1971 Anayasas\u0131ndan BKP\u2019nin toplumun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc garantileyen 1. Maddeyi s\u00f6kt\u00fc. Temel parti \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini yasaklad\u0131. Devlet g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u201cDS\u201d 6. \u015eubesini yani \u00a0politik polisi da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. Yasaklad\u0131. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc m\u00fclkiyeti yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, ekonomi hayatta giri\u015fimcili\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131, fakat bunlar\u0131n hepsi k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kald\u0131. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen Bulgaristan\u2019da sosyalizm gidiciydi.<\/p>\n<p>22 Aral\u0131k 1990\u2019da BMM Avrupa Birli\u011fine kat\u0131lma niyetini karara ba\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Daha sonra da NATO \u00fcyesi olmak istedi\u011fini duyurdu.<\/p>\n<p>Demokrasi yolunun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 da anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130van Kostov, \u201cBulgaristan hem bir Avrupa \u00fclkesi, hem de de\u011fil\u201d dedikten sonra konuyu \u015f\u00f6yle i\u015fliyor:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cBiz bir \u00fclke olarak demokrasiye uygun muyuz? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc eski medeniyetler \u00fclkeleri var ki, onlara demokrasi a\u015f\u0131lanam\u0131yor, toplum da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yor ve karga\u015fa ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Y\u00f6netilemez oluyorlar.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>O \u015f\u00f6yle derinle\u015fiyor: Demokrasi ne de\u011fildir? Demokrasi, kom\u00fcnist toplumsal d\u00fczenin giri\u015fi dedi\u011fimiz,\u00a0 defolu sosyalist toplumun onar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fekli de\u011fildir ve olamaz.\u00a0 \u015e\u00f6yle T. Jivkov\u2019un devrilmesi demokrasi say\u0131lmaz. Onun otoriter totaliter bir rejimi vard\u0131. Jivkov d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce otoriter rejimi \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ama totaliter yap\u0131 ayakta kald\u0131. Yani eski rejimin bask\u0131c\u0131 ayg\u0131r\u0131 ya\u015famaya devam etti.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1214126663\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin 14 Aral\u0131k 1989\u2019da \u201cEkoglasnos\u201d (\u00c7evreciler) Rus\u00e7ukta (Ruse) hava kirli\u011fini protesto edince \u015fiddet g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Totaliter bask\u0131 ayg\u0131t\u0131 sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u0130v. Kostov\u2019a g\u00f6re, demokrasi, kom\u00fcnist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckten \u00e7ok partili sisteme ge\u00e7i\u015fti. Demokrasi, tek yumruk kom\u00fcnist iktidar\u0131n yerine, birbirini kontrol eden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurumsalla\u015fmayd\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek demokrasi yaz\u0131l\u0131 yasa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hi\u00e7 istisnas\u0131z herkesin e\u015fit olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131ndayd\u0131. Fakat yasalar kendili\u011finden i\u015flemiyor, siyasi irade istiyordu.<\/p>\n<p>O zaman Bulgaristan\u2019da demokrasi Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131 diyenler de belirdi. Kom\u00fcnistler Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile rekabeti kaybetmi\u015f, So\u011fuk Sava\u015fta yenik d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, ekonomik olarak \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. BKP de Bulgaristan demokratik g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00f6n\u00fcnde k\u0131smen \u00f6d\u00fcn veriyor ve gerilermi\u015f gibi yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Devam edecek.<\/p>\n<p>Okudu\u011funuz i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1446711350\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorsan\u0131z bizi izleyiniz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm: \u00a0\u0130lk demokratik h\u00fckumet ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3938049361\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tarih: 13 Nisan 2019 Yazan: \u015eakir Aslanta\u015f Konu:\u00a0 Ge\u00e7i\u015f D\u00f6nemine (1989-1999) farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcrkleri g\u00f6rmeden tarih yazma denemesi. Bulgaristan\u2019da \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli yeni geli\u015fmeler oluyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":12415,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/sakir-arslantas.jpg?fit=130%2C168&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-9fH","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35569\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}