Martenitsa, 1 Mart\u00b4tan ba\u015flayarak mart\u0131n sonuna kadar tak\u0131lan, beyaz ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan bir s\u00fcst\u00fcr.Bu g\u00fcnde Bulgarlar yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ve arkada\u015flar\u0131na \u201cmartenitsa\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan sembolleri, y\u0131l boyu sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fc\u00e7 dile\u011fiyle hediye ederler. \u00c2dete g\u00f6re, martenitsalar k\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7 veya leylek g\u00f6r\u00fcnceye kadar ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Bu bayram Bulgarcada “\u00c7estita Baba Marta!” \u015feklinde kutlan\u0131r. Baba Marta – Marta Nine, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar korunmu\u015f en sayg\u0131n geleneklerden biridir. Bu tak\u0131lar, meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na, evlere, ev hayvanlar\u0131na da tak\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu \u015fekilde yeni ba\u015flayan tar\u0131m y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n da bereketli ve verimli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dilekler tutulur.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk martenitsalar, ba\u015fka tak\u0131 ve detaylar kullanmadan, sadece k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 beyaz ipliklerden yap\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve nazardan korunmak i\u00e7in insanlara ve hayvanlara tak\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde bu b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-beyaz sicime alt\u0131n veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f para ba\u011flan\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, bu da hastal\u0131klardan korunmak i\u00e7in bir simge olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
Otantik bir sanat niteli\u011finde olan halk\u0131n g\u00fczellik ve estetik duygusu daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nemlerde martenitsalarda da kendini g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6nceleri k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-beyaz y\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan martenitsalara, p\u00fcsk\u00fcl, top, insan gibi de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekiller verilir.<\/p>\n
Martenitsalar\u0131n gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f tarihinde en \u00f6nemli yere sahip olan \u015fekiller ise; “Pijo ve Penda” ad\u0131yla bilinen k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve beyaz ipten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kuklalard\u0131r.<\/p>