{"id":32658,"date":"2018-11-01T10:17:35","date_gmt":"2018-11-01T07:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=32658"},"modified":"2018-11-01T10:17:35","modified_gmt":"2018-11-01T07:17:35","slug":"din-ve-devlet-iliskileri-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/din-ve-devlet-iliskileri-2\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u0130N VE DEVLET \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 &#8211; 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Yazan:\u00a0Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK, \u0130lahiyat\u00e7\u0131, E\u011fitimci Yazar<\/p>\n<p>Siyasal iktidar ile din aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, t\u00fcm \u00e7a\u011flar boyunca toplumsal ve siyasal ya\u015fam i\u00e7inde etken olan ve tarihin farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde o devrin toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imlerde olu\u015fan bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Din ile siyasal iktidar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, \u00f6zellikle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Cumhuriyet tarihi geli\u015fimi i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli ve dinamik bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Din-devlet ili\u015fkisi bizim tarihimizde Bat\u0131\u2019dakine hi\u00e7bir zaman benzememi\u015ftir, benzemez de; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk milletinin mensup oldu\u011fu \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da, te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanm\u0131\u015f ve egemenlik iddias\u0131nda olan bir Kilise ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir, olamaz da. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir zaman din bilginleri ve din g\u00f6revlileri ile devleti temsil edenler aras\u0131nda bir h\u00e2kimiyet, bir egemenlik kavgas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktaki gibi \u201cruhani\u201d \u2013 \u201cd\u00fcnyev\u00ee\u201d \u015feklinde payla\u015f\u0131lacak bir otorite yoktur. Devlet, ta ba\u015ftan it\u00eebaren dine h\u00e2kimdir ve onu kendi b\u00fcnyesinde as\u0131l kurumlardan biri olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a tarih\u00ee ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi i\u00e7inde yakla\u015facak olursak, onun insan hayat\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ve toplumun i\u015fleyi\u015fini d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m hukuk\u00ee kurallar getirmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu kurallar\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n sosyal hedefleri do\u011frultusunda daima yorumlanabilir olduklar\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onun din ve devlet i\u015flerinin ayr\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Hz. Peygamber, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, din\u00ee ve d\u00fcnyev\u00ee i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctecek bir kimseyi kendisine halef tayin etmeden vefat etmi\u015fti. Kald\u0131 ki \u0130sl\u00e2m, bir \u201cruhban\u201d, yani Tanr\u0131 ad\u0131na O\u2019nun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve iktidar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015facak bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, iktidar\u0131n \u201cdin\u201d ad\u0131na payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-801745094\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Onun i\u00e7indir ki, Hz. Peygamber, kendisinden sonra \u00fcmmetin nas\u0131l devam edece\u011fi ve yerine kimin ge\u00e7ece\u011fine, k\u0131saca \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti\u2019nin y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine dair herhangi bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylememi\u015f veya i\u015farette bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki o, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Halife meselesini kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6zmelerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Asl\u0131nda bu anlay\u0131\u015f, onun devrinin anlay\u0131\u015f ve gelene\u011fine son derece uygundu. \u00dcstelik kendisinden sonra bir Peygamber gelmeyecekti. O halde o, Arap gelene\u011fine uygun olarak yeni bir \u00f6nderin se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rakt\u0131. Nitekim Sahabe bu konudaki uzun tart\u0131\u015fmalardan sonra Hz. Ebubekir\u2019i Hz.Peygamber\u2019in yerine O\u2019nun Halife\u2019si olarak se\u00e7ti<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>. Asl\u0131nda \u201cHal\u00eefetu Res\u00fbllillah\u201d unvan\u0131, ilk defa Hz. Eb\u00fbbekir taraf\u0131ndan, \u201cPeygamber ile sona erdi\u011fine inan\u0131lan ris\u00e2let vazifesi hari\u00e7, onun b\u00fct\u00fcn sel\u00e2hiyet ve faaliyetlerini yerine getirmesini tazammun eder<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>.\u201d Bu arada, unvana din\u00ee bir mahiyet y\u00fcklemek maksad\u0131yla \u201cHalifetullah\u201d da kullan\u0131lmak istenmi\u015fse de Hz. Eb\u00fbbekir \u015fiddetle itiraz etmi\u015f ve kendisinin ancak Allah\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isinin Hal\u00eefe\u2019si oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>. Ancak Halife Osman hakk\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan bu unvan, \u00f6zellikle Emev\u00eeler d\u00f6neminde yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekil kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bunun amac\u0131 Emev\u00eelerin kendilerinin Allah taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilmi\u015f idareci veya vekil olduklar\u0131 iddias\u0131yla din\u00ee bir me\u015fruiyet sa\u011flama iddias\u0131d\u0131r. Maamafih Abbasiler de buna benzer \u015fekilde, \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki g\u00f6lgesi\u201d gibi unvanlarla, bu iddiay\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015flerdir. \u00dcstelik, kelimenin asl\u0131nda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, \u201cAllah\u2019a Resule ve Ulu\u20191-Emre itaat edin\u201d (Nis\u00e2, 4\/59) \u00e2yetini Hal\u00eefe\u2019ye y\u00fckleyerek, Hal\u00eefe\u2019nin g\u00f6revine il\u00e2h\u00ee bir kutsall\u0131k verildi. Oysa Hz.\u00d6mer, kelimenin ruhuna s\u00e2d\u0131k kalarak, \u201chal\u00eefetu-hal\u00eefeti resullillah\u201d (Res\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n Halifesi\u2019nin Halife\u2019si) unvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f ise de bu \u00e7ok uzun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daha sonra \u201cem\u00eeru\u2019l-mu\u2019min\u00een\u201d unvan\u0131 tercih edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Hal b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de insan\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n Hal\u00eefesi k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 (Bakara,2\/30); h\u00fck\u00fcm vermenin ancak Allah\u2019a ait olu\u015fu (En\u2019am, 6\/57); Allah\u2019\u0131n indirdi\u011fi ile h\u00fck\u00fcm vermeyen ki\u015finin inkarc\u0131l\u0131kla vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (M\u00e2ide, 5\/44) gibi ayetlerden hareketle, \u0130slam\u2019da siy\u00e2s\u00ee egemenli\u011fin Allah\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu ve insan\u0131n da bunu Hal\u00eefe\u2019si s\u0131fat\u0131yla O\u2019nun ad\u0131na kullanaca\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da din ve devlet i\u015flerini ay\u0131rman\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrenler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n Hal\u00eefe\u2019si k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131, onu Allah\u2019\u0131n vekili ya da O\u2019nun ad\u0131na i\u015f g\u00f6ren bir varl\u0131k durumuna getirmez. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insan, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde kendi ad\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren, yap\u0131p-etmelerinden dolay\u0131 da do\u011frudan kendisinin sorumlu oldu\u011fu bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r, insan Allah ad\u0131na i\u015f yapan bir varl\u0131k de\u011fildir. O, s\u00e2dece Allah\u2019\u0131n ho\u015fnutlu\u011funu kazanmak i\u00e7in i\u015f yapan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Esasen, \u201cBen yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir Hal\u00eefe yarataca\u011f\u0131m\u201d (Bakara, 2\/30) ayetinde, insan\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde Rabb\u2019in s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131n mazhar\u0131 olarak yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilmektedir<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>. Ayr\u0131ca Hz. Peygamber dahil hi\u00e7 bir Peygamber\u2019in bile Allah\u2019\u0131n yerine i\u015f yapma ve vekili olma yetkisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildirilmi\u015f ve insanlara da, Peygamberlere de h\u00fckmettikleri zaman adaletle h\u00fckmetmelerini istemi\u015f (Nisa, 4\/58, S\u00e2d,58\/26) bir dinde, elbette yetkilerini, yani egemenli\u011fini nas\u0131l kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekti\u011finin yollar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019e g\u00f6re Allah\u2019\u0131n mutlak h\u00e2kim ve h\u00e2kimiyetin de O\u2019na ait olmas\u0131, elbette ontolojik anlamda do\u011frudur ve bu hususta M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda bir tart\u0131\u015fma yoktur. Tart\u0131\u015fma Allah\u2019\u0131n insana be\u015fer\u00ee siyas\u00ee egemenlik hakk\u0131 verip vermedi\u011fi konusundad\u0131r. Kur\u2019an\u2019a g\u00f6re siyas\u00ee egemenlik teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz insana aittir; y\u00f6netim konusunda yap\u0131lacak i\u015f, \u201c\u015f\u00fbra\u201d yoluyla toplumsal iradenin tecell\u00ee ettirilmesidir, insan da sahip oldu\u011fu h\u00fcr iradesi ile bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecek g\u00fc\u00e7tedir. Yoksa insan\u0131n \u201cH\u00e2kimiyet Allah\u2019\u0131nd\u0131r\u201d iddias\u0131 ile h\u00fckmetmeye kalkmas\u0131 ve kendi iradesini ve yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n iradesi saymas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir il\u00e2hl\u0131k davas\u0131d\u0131r ve \u201cFiravunlu\u011fa\u201d \u00f6zenmedir.<\/p>\n<p>Esasen egemenli\u011fi metafizik h\u00e2kimiyete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek, onu kullananlar\u0131 sorgulama d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakmak ve b\u00f6ylece topluma hesap vermek ve halk taraf\u0131ndan gerekti\u011finde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmek endi\u015fesinden kurtulmak demektir. Bu ise, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in mesaj\u0131na z\u0131t bir anlay\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah, egemenli\u011fi kullanma yetkisini tek tek insana vermi\u015f ve ancak ondan bu yetkisini do\u011fru kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. E\u011fer bir toplum, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durumdan ho\u015fnut de\u011filse, egemenlik hakk\u0131 ile bu gidi\u015fi de\u011fi\u015ftirmelidir. Nitekim Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de bu konuda \u015fu ifade edilir: \u201cBir toplum kendi durumlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmedik\u00e7e, Allah da onlar\u0131n durumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.\u201d(Ra\u2019d, 13\/11). Kald\u0131 ki, toplumu ilgilendiren yanl\u0131\u015flar yaln\u0131z bu yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yapanlar\u0131 de\u011fil, toplumun tamam\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendirir. \u201cAran\u0131zda yaln\u0131z haks\u0131zl\u0131k edenlere eri\u015fmekle kalmayacak olan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan (fitneden) sak\u0131n\u0131n\u201d (Enf\u00e2l, 8\/25) uyar\u0131s\u0131 da buna i\u015faret eder. Toplumsal ve siyasal yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bedelleri, d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131nda \u00f6denmekte; toplumun \u00fcyeleri de bundan pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni almaktad\u0131r<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-831942099\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Burada, Akbulut\u2019un da isabetli bir bi\u00e7imde i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>, belirtilmesi gereken \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ilke ve y\u00f6ntem meselesi vard\u0131r. O da Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131yla bu mesaj\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilip \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi meselesidir. Bir mesaj\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda mesaj\u0131n kendisi kadar onun uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 durumundaki insan da fevkal\u00e2de \u00f6nemlidir. Allah\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131n\u0131n muhatab\u0131 insand\u0131r. \u0130nsan da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitim, bulundu\u011fu toplum, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafya, tarih\u00ee, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel durumu, k\u0131sacak kabiliyet ve kapasitesi itibariyle farkl\u0131l\u0131klar i\u00e7indedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan Allah\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131n\u0131 anlamas\u0131, idrak etmesi de kendi akl\u0131na ve kabiliyetine g\u00f6re olacakt\u0131r. \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un da Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131ndan hareketle ortaya koydu\u011fu \u201cbedev\u00ee\u201d ile \u201chadar\u00ee\u201dnin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yorumu elbette ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu ise, ayn\u0131 ayete dayanmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, insanlar\u0131n pek\u00e2la farkl\u0131 kararlara ula\u015fabileceklerini g\u00f6sterir. Art\u0131k bu durumda Allah\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131, insanlar\u0131n yorumlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 il\u00e2h\u00eelikten \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve ins\u00e2n\u00eele\u015fmektedir. Yani mesaj\u0131n kendisi il\u00e2h\u00ee, anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, uygulanmas\u0131 ise insan\u00ee olmakta ve iz\u00e2f\u00eele\u015fmektedir. Onun i\u00e7in \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n buyru\u011funu tatbik etti\u011fini iddia eden bir insan asl\u0131nda Allah\u2019\u0131n emrini de\u011fil, bu emirden kendi anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in Allah ad\u0131na Firavun zulm\u00fc i\u015flemek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ancak yukar\u0131da da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi \u201cHal\u00eefe\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n Hz. Peygamber\u2019in vefat etti\u011fi 632 tarihinden Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in vefat etti\u011fi 644 tarihine kadar sahip oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131n, bu tarihten sonra cidd\u00ee bir muhtevaya b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kutsall\u0131k kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, hem \u0130sl\u00e2m, hem din\u00ee d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihi, hem de \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in daima olumsuz bir tablo olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Esasen bu olumsuz tablonun arka plan\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek, \u0130sl\u00e2m mesaj\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ne oldu\u011funun unutulmu\u015f ya da ihmal edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu v\u00e2kas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015euras\u0131 muhakkak ki Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in inzali ve \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunun olu\u015fumu, 610 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan tarih\u00ee bir ortamda cereyan etmi\u015ftir ve o d\u00f6nemin sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ahl\u00e2ki ve dini olgular\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem do\u011frudan bu duruma bir cevapt\u0131r ve hatt\u00e2 merhum Fazlur Rahman\u2019\u0131n ifadeleriyle, \u201c\u00e7o\u011funlukla somut tarih\u00ee olaylar i\u00e7erisine de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan belli sorunlara cevap te\u015fkil eden ahl\u00e2k\u00ee ve din\u00ee ve toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>O tarihlerden bu yana ond\u00f6rt as\u0131r ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn tarihi, siyas\u00ee, ekonomik ve sosyal yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u015fartlar \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir, Hz. Peygamber\u2019in zaman\u0131ndaki duruma benzemeyen \u00e7ok konu vard\u0131r. En az\u0131ndan toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015fmeye devam etmektedir. Mesel\u00e2 Hz. Peygamber zaman\u0131ndaki toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kabile esas\u0131na dayan\u0131yordu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise bilgi toplumu hatta bilgi \u00f6tesi toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2749711569\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman i\u00e7in her \u015feyinin Kur\u2019an h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re tanzim edilmesini istemek en tabi\u00ee hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak etraf\u0131nda bunca g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kopart\u0131lan ve toplumun i\u015fleyi\u015fini Kur\u2019an\u2019a g\u00f6re tanzim edilmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek \u201cmuamel\u00e2t\u201d yani insan\u0131n s\u00f6z, fiil ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, insanlar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin d\u00fczenlenmesi ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcm ayetlerinin toplam\u0131 en fazla 228 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>. Giyim-ku\u015fam, miras ve benzeri hususlardaki h\u00fck\u00fcm ayetleri, il\u00e2hi mesaj\u0131n tarih\u00ee toplum i\u00e7indeki yatay boyutudur ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla konjokt\u00fcreldir. Bu sebeple mutlaka yorumlanmay\u0131, ama ayetlerin lafz\u0131yla de\u011fil ruhuyla anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Di\u011fer taraftan Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem, b\u00fcnyesinde yer alan ak\u00eede, ahl\u00e2k, ibadet ve muamel\u00e2t konular\u0131ndan her biri ile ayn\u0131 oranda ilgilenmemi\u015f, ama genel kural ve ilkeler getirilmi\u015ftir<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0130lk Hal\u00eefeler ve sonraki bilginler de bu y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7ok zengin ve de\u011ferli uygulama ve yorum \u00f6rnekleri vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Mesala Kur\u2019an\u2019da zek\u00e2t vermeyenler i\u00e7in bir \u201chad\u201d (ceza) tayin edilmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Buna ra\u011fmen ilk Halife Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, zek\u00e2t vermek istemeyen kab\u00eelelere kar\u015f\u0131, Sah\u00e2be\u2019nin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 muhalefet etmi\u015fse de \u201cdine d\u00f6nmelerine\u201d yani tekrar zek\u00e2t vermeyi kabul etmelerine kadar sava\u015ft\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc zek\u00e2t, ona g\u00f6re s\u00e2dece \u015fahs\u00ee de\u011fil toplumu do\u011frudan ilgilendiren bir ib\u00e2detti.<\/p>\n<p>Yine Mesel\u00e2 Hz. \u00d6mer, Kur\u2019an\u2019da h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7u i\u00e7in emredilen \u201cel kesme\u201d i\u015fini, k\u0131tl\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulatmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kur\u2019an\u2019da hazinede toplanan zek\u00e2t\u0131n harcama kalemlerinden biri olarak belirlenmi\u015f bulunan \u201cm\u00fcellefe-i kul\u00fbb\u201d (kalpleri dine kazan\u0131lacaklar)\u2019a verilen hisselerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir d\u00f6neminde yine Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in \u0131srar\u0131 ile durdurulmu\u015f; kendi d\u00f6neminde uygulamadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz.\u00d6mer, Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in caiz g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hel\u00e2l k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ehl-i Kit\u00e2b\u2019\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ile evlenme ruhsat\u0131n\u0131 (M\u00e2ide,5\/57) M\u00fcsl\u00fcman han\u0131mlar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemlisi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman erkeklerin g\u00fczelliklerinden dolay\u0131 onlarla evlenmeyi tercih etmeleri halinde bu durumun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in bir fel\u00e2ket olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi gerek\u00e7elerle yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Keza O, fethedilen arazilerle ilgili Kur\u2019an ayetlerini de \u015fartlar\u0131 dikkate alarak uygulamam\u0131\u015f ve kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 (maslahat) g\u00f6zeterek \u201cikt\u00e2\u201d etmi\u015ftir. Kald\u0131 ki bu ayet \u201ccaiz\u201d de\u011fil \u201cemir\u201d niteli\u011findedir. Yine onun, Bizans ve Sasan\u00ee tecr\u00fcbelerinden yararlanarak iktisad\u00ee ve idar\u00ee d\u00fczenlemelerde de bulunmas\u0131<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> ve daha nice karar\u0131, re\u2019sen Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n ve Hz. Peygamber\u2019in S\u00fcnneti\u2019nin \u00f6z\u00fcne dayal\u0131 olarak koydu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir ve d\u00eenin dinamizminde mevcut s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rnekleridir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n Hacc esnas\u0131nda Mina\u2019da seleflerinin aksine Namaz\u2019\u0131 iki yerine d\u00f6rt rek\u2019at k\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yine seleflerinin icraat\u0131yla uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayacak pek \u00e7ok uygulamas\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlar\u0131n zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumlard\u0131r. Hz. Ali\u2019nin de Cemel sonras\u0131 ganimetleri taksimi ile ilgili uygulamas\u0131na, seleflerinin ve Hz.Peygamber\u2019in s\u00fcnnetlerinde yer bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir; ama icraat\u0131 Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n ve Nebev\u00ee S\u00fcnnet\u2019in ruhuna ve \u00f6z\u00fcne uygundur.<\/p>\n<p>Bu hususlarda say\u0131s\u0131z denebilecek zenginlikte \u00f6rnekler vermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Onlar bu nevi uygulamalar\u0131, e\u011fer \u015fartlar gerekli k\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz tatbik etmi\u015fler ve bunu yaparken de dinin \u00f6z\u00fcne uygun davrand\u0131klar\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3294797950\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu geli\u015fmeler, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da Hz.Peygamber\u2019in Allah\u2019\u0131n El\u00e7isi olarak g\u00f6revini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra toplumun y\u00f6netimini \u00fcstlenen Halifeler, Kur\u2019an temel ilkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ferdin ve toplumun ihtiyac\u0131 olan meselelere cevap bulmakta kendilerini rahat hissetmi\u015flerdir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar, Hz. Peygamber\u2019in sahip oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn vas\u0131flar\u0131, en az\u0131ndan Peygamberli\u011fi \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131nda toplayamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Onun i\u00e7in de belli bir s\u00fcre sonra y\u00f6netici Hal\u00eefe ile birlikte hayat\u0131n meselelerine din a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yorum getirecek hukuk ve kel\u00e2m okullar\u0131 do\u011fdu. Bu da esas itibariyle \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da siyaset, yani devlet ile din aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler ve kurumlar\u0131n ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir deneydi. Bir kere \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, devletin yani siyasetin dinin emrine girmesi, ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle siyasetin \u201cdine alet edilmesi\u201d \u015feklindeki bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye yer vermemi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle bu durum, Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde \u00e7ok daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Prof.Dr.Ethem Ruhi FI\u011eLALI<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>\u2019din-devlet ili\u015fkisini ele al\u0131rken; her ikisinin de birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 ve sayg\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ona g\u00f6re; \u201cDevlet ve din, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 birbirlerine kar\u0131\u015fmayacak ve sayg\u0131l\u0131 olacaklard\u0131r. Ve devlet din esaslar\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r; ama Devlet\u2019in de l\u00e2ik hukuk ve l\u00e2ik ahl\u00e2k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 koruma zorunlulu\u011funun yan\u0131nda vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerini teminat alt\u0131na alma ve onlar\u0131n tarih\u00ee, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikim ve de\u011ferlerine sayg\u0131l\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc olma ve hatt\u00e2 bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap verme zorunlulu\u011fu da vard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, ba\u015ftan itibaren tarih\u00ee, siyas\u00ee, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u015fartlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn l\u00e2ikli\u011fi ilm\u00eelik; dini devlet i\u015flerine ve siyasete kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak; dinin bir tak\u0131m siyaset\u00e7iler veya softalar elinde bir \u00e7\u0131kar arac\u0131 olmas\u0131na kesinlikle engel olmak; kimseyi inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 k\u0131namamak, kimseyi ib\u00e2dete zorlamamak, \u201cumum\u00ee \u00e2dap ve ahl\u00e2ka mugayir\u201d olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla kimsenin ib\u00e2detini engellememek ve yasaklamamak; ama her ferdi de din ve diyaneti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan e\u011fitmek ve \u00f6\u011fretmek \u015feklinde tarif edilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Esasen devlet olarak \u00fclkemizin tarih\u00ee, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u015fartlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir hususa daha dikkat edilmelidir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi Atat\u00fcrk Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, derin ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir tarih \u015fuuruna, k\u00fclt\u00fcr birli\u011fine, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklere dayan\u0131r. Bu durumda T\u00fcrk tarihini, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7izdi\u011fi hedefler i\u00e7inde, olaylar\u0131, destanlar\u0131, y\u00fckseli\u015f ve al\u00e7al\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemlerindeki seyri ile tan\u0131mak, hissetmek ve benimsemek, ancak T\u00fcrk Milleti\u2019nden olmakla ve onun hamas\u00ee ve manev\u00ee d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131p ya\u015famakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. S\u00f6z geli\u015fi, \u201cGazi\u201d ve \u201c\u015eeh\u00eed\u201d gibi iki \u00f6nemli \u0130sl\u00e2mi kavram\u0131n m\u00e2hiyetini bilmeyen kimseye, bu kavramlardaki y\u00fcce anlam\u0131 hissettirmek ve en \u00f6nemlisi, bu milletin Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e neden g\u00f6n\u00fclden ve resmen \u201cGazi\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fini anlatabilmek ve duyurabilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk insan\u0131na tarih, edebiyat, adab-\u0131 mua\u015feret, gelenek ve g\u00f6renek ve benzeri bilgilerin l\u00e2y\u0131k-\u0131 ve\u00e7hile verilebilmesi i\u00e7in de \u0130sl\u00e2m Dini hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgilerin \u00f6\u011fretilmesi gerekir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u00ee belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bilmeyen birinin Yunus Emre\u2019yi , Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli\u2019yi, Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2\u2019y\u0131, B\u00e2k\u00ee\u2019yi, Itr\u00ee\u2019yi, Dede Efendi\u2019yi, Yahya Kemal\u2019i, Mehmet Akif i, Kaygusuz Abdal\u2019\u0131 ve hatt\u00e2 \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Veysel\u2019i ve benzerlerini kavrayabilmesi, i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131, tarihimiz, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz ve mill\u00ee b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 emsalsiz de\u011feri tan\u0131yabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Durum, as\u0131rlar boyu \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile yo\u011frulmu\u015f t\u00f6reler ve geleneklerimiz i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda Devlet\u2019in, yasama organlar\u0131n\u0131n milletin payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferleri, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir anlay\u0131\u015f ve yorumla kullanmas\u0131, dinin devlete m\u00fcdahalesini, ya da l\u00e2ikli\u011fin terk edilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmez, gelmemelidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc end\u00fcstrile\u015fmi\u015f toplumlarda, soyut toplumlarda toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck ve kayna\u015fma, yerini ferdin yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f; bu durum da sosyalle\u015fme h\u00e2disesini zaafa u\u011frat\u0131r hale gelmi\u015ftir, i\u015fte bu durumda dinler ve din\u00ee de\u011ferler, sosyalle\u015fmeye daha \u00e7ok katk\u0131da bulunmak \u00fczere hayata d\u00e2hil olmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Kald\u0131 ki hangi toplumda olursa olsun, her fert i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun aynas\u0131d\u0131r. Dili, d\u00eeni gelenek ve g\u00f6renekleriyle toplumunun \u00f6zelliklerini yans\u0131t\u0131r. D\u00eene kar\u015f\u0131 ne kadar kay\u0131ts\u0131z, hatt\u00e2 kar\u015f\u0131 olursa olsun, din bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr unsuru olarak ferde sinmi\u015f ve onunla b\u00fcnyele\u015fmi\u015ftir. Fert, do\u011fumundan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar, fark\u0131nda olsun-olmas\u0131n, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131nda \u015fu yada bu \u015fekilde dinle ilgilidir veya en az\u0131ndan uza\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Bu durum da, \u00f6zellikle \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, l\u00e2ikli\u011fin uygulanmas\u0131nda mutlaka g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken hususlardand\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1972930011\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00c7etin, \u00d6zek, Devlet ve Din, \u0130stanbul, Ada Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1982, s. 7-9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> F\u0131\u011flal\u0131, Ethem Ruhi, \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u0130tikad\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m Mezhepleri, \u0130st. 1996, s.27, \u0130m\u00e2miyye \u015e\u00eeas\u0131, \u0130st. 1984,s.22<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00dcnal, B\u00fclent, Semantik A\u00e7\u0131dan Kur\u2019an\u2019da Hil\u00e2fet Kavram\u0131, \u0130zmir 1990 (Y.Lis.Tezi), s.7-8<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> W.M. Watt, \u0130sl\u00e2m D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin Te\u015fekk\u00fcl Devri, \u00c7ev. E. Ruhi F\u0131\u011flal\u0131, Ankara 1981, s.102.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-989624928\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Ate\u015f, S\u00fcleyman Prof. Dr. Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Ker\u00eem ve Y\u00fcce Meali, Ankara, s.5<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Akbulut, Ahmet, \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee Bilginin D\u00fcn\u00fc, Bug\u00fcn\u00fc ve Yar\u0131n\u0131\u201d (Panel), BAG, Ocak 1996, s.2<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Akbulut, Ahmet, \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee Bilginin D\u00fcn\u00fc, Bug\u00fcn\u00fc ve Yar\u0131n\u0131\u201d (Panel), BAG, Ocak 1996, s.23<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Fazlur Rahman, \u0130sl\u00e2m ve \u00c7a\u011fda\u015fl\u0131k, \u00c7ev.: A.A\u00e7\u0131kgen\u00e7-M.H.K\u0131rba\u015fo\u011flu, Ankara 190, s.74.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Erdo\u011fan,Mehmet Do\u00e7.Dr.\u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunda Ahk\u00e2m\u0131n De\u011fi\u015fmesi, \u0130st., 1994, s.39<\/p><div id=\"bghab-815185298\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>Erdo\u011fan,Mehmet Do\u00e7.Dr.\u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunda Ahk\u00e2m\u0131n De\u011fi\u015fmesi, \u0130st., 1994, s.40 vd.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Fayda Mustafa, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in Divan Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131, Ankara, 1982; H.Karaman, \u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunda \u0130ctihad, Ankara; Erdo\u011fan,Mehmet Do\u00e7.Dr.\u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunda Ahk\u00e2m\u0131n De\u011fi\u015fmesi, \u0130st., 1994<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> F\u0131\u011flal\u0131, Ethem Ruhi, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.atam.gov.tr\/dergi\/sayi-38\/din-ve-devlet-iliskileri\">http:\/\/www.atam.gov.tr\/dergi\/sayi-38\/din-ve-devlet-iliskileri<\/a> Eri\u015fim:26\/10\/2018<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3262221994\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yazan:\u00a0Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK, \u0130lahiyat\u00e7\u0131, E\u011fitimci Yazar Siyasal iktidar ile din aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, t\u00fcm \u00e7a\u011flar boyunca toplumsal ve siyasal ya\u015fam i\u00e7inde etken olan ve tarihin farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":31811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/nevzat-hoca-r.jpg?fit=640%2C640&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-8uK","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32658"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32658\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}