{"id":32586,"date":"2018-10-25T01:45:30","date_gmt":"2018-10-24T22:45:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=32586"},"modified":"2018-10-25T01:45:30","modified_gmt":"2018-10-24T22:45:30","slug":"nicin-maturidi-ve-maturudilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/nicin-maturidi-ve-maturudilik\/","title":{"rendered":"Ni\u00e7in Maturidi ve Maturudilik?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Yazan:\u00a0Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK, \u0130lahiyat\u00e7\u0131, E\u011fitimci Yazar<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n gelecekte \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve onurlu bir hayat s\u00fcrebilmeleri i\u00e7in, mazinin ipote\u011finden kurtularak gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelmeleri, enerjilerini salih amele d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek bilginin g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmalar\u0131 ve evrensel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte de\u011fer \u00fcretmeleri gerekmektedir. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda var olmak, Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flayan \u201colu\u015f\u201d s\u00fcrecine, be\u015feri yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla kat\u0131lmak anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Be\u015feri yarat\u0131c\u0131\u011f\u0131n zirvesinde bilim, san\u2019at ve spor vard\u0131r. Evrensel \u201colu\u015f\u201d s\u00fcrecine olumlu katk\u0131 sa\u011flayamayanlar, yakarak, y\u0131karak, yok ederek ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu do\u011frultuda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla varl\u0131k-yokluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda dola\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Son iki as\u0131rd\u0131r ya\u015fananlar, Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel ve psikolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u201c\u00f6teki\u201dle\u015ftirdiklerini ezmesi, bir anlamda o medeniyetin asli unsuru say\u0131lmayanlar\u0131n ezilmesine ve nesnele\u015ftirilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn mevcut haliyle \u015fiddet \u00fcretmesinin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00f6lmeye ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye bu kadar te\u015fne olmas\u0131n\u0131n ana sebebinin \u201cnesne\u201d konumuna indirgenmi\u015f olmak, akl\u0131 ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 yetileri etkin kullanamamak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ezilmi\u015flik duygusunun en k\u00f6t\u00fc yan\u0131, insandan \u201cinsan\u201d olma bilincini uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, ilk inen ayetlerle k\u00f6lelerin, yetimlerin, gariplerin \u201cinsan olma bilinci\u201dni yeniden kazanmas\u0131 gibi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da topyek\u00fcn yeni bir bilin\u00e7lenme s\u00fcrecine ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ya\u015fanan olumsuzluklarda \u201cma\u011flup medeniyet travmas\u0131\u201d belirleyici oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu da yeni bir uygarl\u0131k hamlesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, her ne kadar ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 tersine ak\u0131tmak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve onurlu ya\u015fayabilmek i\u00e7in yeni bir medeniyet tasavvurunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n fazla bir se\u00e7enekleri yoktur.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, enerjilerini etkin kullanabilmeleri i\u00e7in, toparlay\u0131c\u0131, birle\u015ftirici, b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirici nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan, somut ancak s\u00fcreklilik arz eden, toplumun bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 daima daha y\u00fckseklere y\u00f6neltecek, anlam d\u00fczeyi y\u00fcksek bir amaca ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cvarolu\u015fsal anlam bo\u015flu\u011fu\u201dnun \u00fcretti\u011fi, olduk\u00e7a derin bir krize d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemde, hem evrensel boyutta anlam ihtiyac\u0131na cevap verebilecek, hem de insan olma bilincini tazeleyecek \u201cy\u00fcksek ama\u00e7\u201d ancak yeni bir medeniyet iddias\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Maalesef, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n insan hayat\u0131na anlam kazand\u0131ran boyutu unutulmu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n kurucu ilkeleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniden anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, hatta imk\u00e2nlar d\u00e2hilinde yeniden in\u015fas\u0131, do\u011fal olarak beraberinde yeni bir medeniyet hamlesini getirecektir. Bu, bir ihtiya\u00e7 olmaktan \u00f6te, bir zorunluluk olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Maturidi\u2019nin, \u00f6zellikle bilgi, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin yeni medeniyet tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni bir medeniyet tasavvuru i\u00e7in Maturidi ve Maturidi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ideal bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1672718917\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda akl\u0131 ve ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi yeniden diriltebilmek i\u00e7in istifade edilebilecek en m\u00fchim gelenek Hanefi- Maturidi ekol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kar\u015f\u0131 Mihne s\u00fcrecinin hala etkisini hissetti\u011fimiz onca tahribat\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu gelene\u011fe damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran amel-iman ayr\u0131m\u0131, din-siyaset ayr\u0131m\u0131 gibi ana ilkeler, k\u00fcl\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki \u201ck\u00f6z\u201d gibi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Maturidi\u2019nin en m\u00fchim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, Mihne ve Kar\u015f\u0131 Mihne s\u00fcrecinde Mu\u2019tezile ile birlikte fazlas\u0131yla hasar g\u00f6ren Ebu Hanife\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu \u201cEhl\u00fc\u2019r-Rey\u201d gelene\u011finin oda\u011f\u0131ndaki \u201cak\u0131lc\u0131\u201d duru\u015fu Semerkant\u2019ta yeniden in\u015fa edebilmesidir. Kar\u015f\u0131 Mihne s\u00fcreci, bir silindir gibi Mu\u2019tezile\u2019nin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erken, hem Mu\u2019tezile ile irtibatl\u0131 olan herkesi, hem de Ehlu\u2019l-Hadis \u00e7izgisinde olmayan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi, bir daha aya\u011fa kalkamayacak \u015fekilde ya \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, ya da itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Hanefilikle ilgili hasar tespiti hen\u00fcz yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Maturidi, bir yandan sert ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6nelterek Mu\u2019tezile ile aras\u0131na bir mesafe koymu\u015f, di\u011fer yandan da do\u011frudan Ebu Hanife\u2019yi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartarak ak\u0131lc\u0131 damardan beslenmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Yeni bir medeniyet hamlesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yapma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olan \u00e7evrelerde, Maturidilik bilinmemesine ra\u011fmen, Maturidi\u2019nin ismi hala ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7indeki insanlar\u0131n haf\u0131zalar\u0131nda Maturidi i\u00e7in yer a\u00e7man\u0131n \u00e7ok zor olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Maturidi\u2019nin uzunca bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinmesi onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin kirletilmesini ve tahrif edilmesini \u00f6nlemi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine savruldu\u011fu, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikten ve ma\u011flup medeniyet travmas\u0131ndan beslenen Selefili\u011fin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilmek i\u00e7in gerekli olan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k ve ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yeniden in\u015fa edilebilmesinde Maturidi\u2019nin din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve tecr\u00fcbesi yol g\u00f6sterici olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u015fiddet sarmal\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kabilmeleri, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 bir t\u00fcr siyasal ideolojiye indirgeyen, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri \u201ciktidar\u201d\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmekte g\u00f6ren, din ve siyaseti \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiren tepkisel \u00e7arp\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015ftan kurtulabilmelerine ba\u011flad\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle bize \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilecek tek isim \u0130mam Maturididir.<\/li>\n<li>Yeni bir medeniyet tasavvuru i\u00e7in yeni bir epistemolojiye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Maturidi\u2019nin en \u00f6zg\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131ndan birisi epistemoloji ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleridir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Maturidi, insan bilgisinin ve belle\u011finin temelinde be\u015f duyu bilgisinin oldu\u011funu \u00e7ok iyi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n medeniyet yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131nda en ba\u015fta gelen sebeplerden birisi bilgi ve bilimin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na paralel teknoloji \u00fcretememelerini de beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Kanaatimce b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara yol a\u00e7an en m\u00fchim etken, zihindeki bilgi k\u00f6kleri ile ilgili bilginin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile irtibat\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar realist bir duru\u015ftan, \u00e7arp\u0131k bir idealizme savrulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Maturidi\u2019nin ke\u015ff, keramet ve ilham\u0131 bilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul etmemesinin, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman dilimi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa, ne kadar ileri bir tespit oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz \u201cbilginin itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde do\u011fru, g\u00fcvenilir ve sa\u011flam bilgi i\u00e7in Maturidi\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na her zamankinden daha fazla ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>Yeni bir medeniyet i\u00e7in yeni bir \u0130slam anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 in\u015fa edilmelidir. Maturidi\u2019nin Tevhid\u2019i merkeze alan din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0130slam ortak paydas\u0131 bilincinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 krizi derinle\u015ftiren hususlardan birisi de insan h\u00fcrriyetine gereken hassasiyeti g\u00f6stermemeleridir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde, \u0130slam\u2019dan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi gibi medeniyetten hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z edilemez. Maturidi\u2019nin dengeli \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilirse, olumsuzluklar\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaya yarayan kaderci anlay\u0131\u015ftan da, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 yetileri etkin k\u0131lmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131ran bask\u0131c\u0131 ortamlardan da kurtulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Maturidi, akl\u0131n ve vahyin birlikte etkin olabilece\u011fi, birbirini tamamlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsemi\u015ftir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu yakla\u015f\u0131m uygun bir model olabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Maturidi, farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden nas\u0131l yararlan\u0131labilece\u011fi, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n nas\u0131l zenginlik olabilece\u011fi konusunda da bize \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilir. Kitabu\u2019t-Tevhid dikkatlice okundu\u011funda, ba\u015fta Mu\u2019tezile olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer mezheplere y\u00f6nelik sert ele\u015ftiriler olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, onlar\u0131n birtak\u0131m olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden nas\u0131l yararlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, her ne kadar bug\u00fcn mazinin derinliklerinde kalm\u0131\u015f olsa da, muazzam bir medeniyet yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6tesindedir. Bu tecr\u00fcbenin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 mevcut Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu medeniyet birikimden yeterince istifade edildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Hala yararlan\u0131labilecek pek \u00e7ok \u015fey vard\u0131r. Hala ke\u015ffedilmeyi bekleyen Maturidi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck kafalar, kendilerini anlayacak bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 beklemektedir. Biz, sadece yeni bir medeniyet perspektifinden Maturidi\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemini okumak, yeni olu\u015fumlara destek olabilecek kurucu fikirleri tespit ederek, onlar\u0131n bize nas\u0131l yol g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve tart\u0131\u015fmak istiyoruz. Bu do\u011frultuda ilk akla gelebilecek husus onun bilgi, ak\u0131l ve din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130slam D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Tarihi\u2019nde bilgi kuram\u0131 ile ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini sistematik bir \u015fekilde ilk ortaya koyan Maturidi\u2019dir. H\u00fcseyin Atay\u2019\u0131n \u015fu ifadeleri dikkat \u00e7ekicidir: \u201cBenim tespitime g\u00f6re \u0130slam bilim ve felsefe tarihinde bilgi kuram\u0131n\u0131n temelini Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Mahmud Ebu Mansur el-Maturidi (333\/944) atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk milleti, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda be\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck ilim ve felsefe adam\u0131 vermi\u015ftir: Ebu Hanife (150\/767), Buhari (256\/868), Ebu Cafer et-Taberi (310\/922), Farabi (399\/950) ve Maturidi (333\/944). Kelamda Maturidi insan iradesine \u00f6nem vermi\u015f, insan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlamda i\u015finde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde \u00f6zg\u00fcr olarak sorumlu olmas\u0131 kuram\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsan, h\u00fcr olunca sorumlulu\u011funun gere\u011fi olan ilme, ilim nazariyesine ve onun sonucu olan medeniyetin kurulmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Bilginin olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin geli\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ve \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, medeniyetini iyi anlamam\u0131z i\u00e7in Maturidi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce adamlar\u0131n\u0131n fikirlerinden faydalanmak do\u011fru yoldur.\u201d Atay, \u201cEbu Mansur Maturidi ve Bilgi Kuram\u0131\u201d, \u0130mam Maturidi ve Maturidilik, ed. S. Kutlu, 174) Atay\u2019\u0131n bu tespitine Biruni\u2019nin ve \u0130bn Sina\u2019n\u0131n da kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. E\u011fer yeni bir \u0130slam medeniyeti in\u015fa edilebilecek ise, bunun teolojik aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Maturidi, Felsefi aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Farabi ve \u0130bn Sina ve Bilimsel aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise Biruni olu\u015fturabilir. Bu ger\u00e7ekten se\u00e7kin kafalar\u0131n daha \u00f6nceki \u0130slam medeniyetine yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 katk\u0131n\u0131n yeterince ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bile, \u0130slam medeniyetinin ni\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fc medeniyetler saf\u0131nda yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak bir husustur.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3317975928\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Maturidi\u2019nin i\u00e7inden geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gelene\u011finin k\u00f6klerini birinci hicri as\u0131rda bulmaktay\u0131z. O zaman diliminde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 yoran \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah\u201d meselesi, Araplar\u2019\u0131n hem Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olmayanlara, hem de Mevali denilen gayr\u0131 Araplara y\u00f6nelik tahkir edici tutum ve tav\u0131rlar\u0131, Emevi iktidar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r bask\u0131s\u0131, sosyolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan yeni olu\u015fumlar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel a\u00e7\u0131dan da yeni aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 adeta ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale getiriyordu. Kurey\u015f\u2019in merkezi otoritesine tepki, bedevi hayattan yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7i\u015fin sanc\u0131lar\u0131, h\u0131zl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fimi gibi baz\u0131 fakt\u00f6rler, \u201ctepkisel-kabilevi din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201dn\u0131n temsilcisi olan Haricileri ve Haricili\u011fi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sadece kendi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerleri \u201cdaru\u2019l-\u0130slam\u201d (\u0130slam topra\u011f\u0131) olarak g\u00f6ren, kendileri gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyenleri, kolayca \u0130slam d\u0131\u015f\u0131na iten, amel ve iman\u0131 \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiren, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyenleri m\u00fc\u015friklikle itham eden Hariciler, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 daraltt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, \u015fiddeti me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n f\u0131tratla uyumuna da zarar veriyorlard\u0131. Emevi iktidar\u0131 da bir yandan Harici isyanlar\u0131yla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarf ederken, di\u011fer yandan da kendi yap\u0131p ettiklerini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, daha sonra \u201ccebriye\u201dnin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturacak e\u011filimleri destekliyorlard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Emevilerin ve Haricilerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemleri, Mevali denilen Arap olmayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak hayata tutunma \u00e7abalar\u0131, baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131, ister istemez daha \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n evrensel ilkelerine vurgu yapan aray\u0131\u015flara sevk etti. Bu do\u011frultuda \u00f6zellikle amel-iman ayr\u0131m\u0131na vurgu yapan, imanda e\u015fitli\u011fi savunan, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyenin durumunu Allah\u2019a b\u0131rakman\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fu iddia eden kimseler M\u00fcrcie ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131lar. \u0130\u015fte bu t\u00fcr aray\u0131\u015flar, Maturidi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin beslenme kaynaklar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Maturidi, insan\u0131 ve insan ger\u00e7e\u011fini esas alarak, insan\u0131n \u00f6z varl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131ndan hareket ederek insan\u0131, dini, olay ve olgular\u0131 anlamaya ve a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun en a\u00e7\u0131k kan\u0131t\u0131, insan bilgisinin oda\u011f\u0131na duyular bilgisini yerle\u015ftirmesi, \u201cbu t\u00fcr bilginin z\u0131dd\u0131 olan cehli benimseyene gelince, evet bilgiyi inkar eden birinden haberdar olan herkes onu inat\u00e7\u0131 olarak isimlendirir.\u201d (Maturidi, 2002, 10) diyerek, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn ona kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olacak \u015fekilde davran\u0131lmas\u0131nda yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesidir. \u201cB\u00f6yle inat\u00e7\u0131 birine yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u015fey, anlams\u0131z m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fclpesentli\u011fini b\u0131rakmas\u0131 i\u00e7in organ kesme t\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u015fiddetli bir elemle eziyete maruz b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biz, onun, zaruri ilim stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunan duyu bilgisinin \u015fuurunda oldu\u011fundan eminiz, ne var ki sadece inat ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7\u0131karma u\u011fruna iddias\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. \u201c (Maturidi, 2002, 10) Burada Maturidi\u2019nin amac\u0131n\u0131n insana eziyet etmek de\u011fil, ona kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Maturidi i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 insan\u0131n kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsanla ilgili her \u015fey, \u00f6ncelikle insan\u0131n kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ile ilgilidir. Asl\u0131nda insan\u0131 di\u011fer canl\u0131lardan farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan, daha do\u011frusu insan\u0131 insan yapan insan\u0131n, kendisinin, evrendeki yerinin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve bilgi \u00fcretti\u011finin fark\u0131nda olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sadece insan\u0131n soyut d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebildi\u011fini, madde \u00fczerinde tasarruf g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011funu, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet yaratabildi\u011fini bilmekteyiz. \u0130nsan, \u00e7evresinde olup bitenleri, olay ve olgular\u0131 alg\u0131lamakla, anlamakla ve a\u00e7\u0131klamakla yetinmemekte, bildiklerinden hareketle yeni bilgiler ve teknoloji \u00fcretebilmektedir. Bilgi \u00fcretme, bilgiyi kay\u0131t alt\u0131na alarak birikim olu\u015fturma ve bunu daha sonraki nesillere aktarabilme sadece insana \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nsan, kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, bu s\u00f6ylediklerimizin de daha iyi fark\u0131na varma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahiptir. \u201cKendini bilmek\u201d, kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmakla birlikte ba\u015flayan bir bilgilenme ve bilin\u00e7lenme s\u00fcrecidir. \u0130nsan, hem hayat\u0131n her an\u0131nda yeni bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r, hem de kendisi ile ilgili alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, kendilik bilincini s\u00fcrekli yenileyen bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Maturidi\u2019nin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemini \u201cinsan\u201d\u0131 esas alarak in\u015fa etmi\u015f olmas\u0131, kendi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ileri bir durum oldu\u011fu gibi, bug\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da son derecede \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz zorlu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde insan\u0131n, kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmaya ve y\u00fcksek insani de\u011ferlere her zamankinden daha fazla ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olan bir kimse, \u00f6ncelikle sahip oldu\u011fu bilginin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadaki ger\u00e7eklerle ne kadar \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00fcretti\u011fi kavramlar\u0131n ve bilgisinin ne kadar g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011funu sorgulamak ihtiyac\u0131 hissedecektir. Bu do\u011frudan insan\u0131n varl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in, bildiklerine g\u00fcvenmek, onlardan ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme ile do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek, bilgiye dayal\u0131 do\u011fru kararlar vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Maturidi, delillere dayal\u0131 olarak her konuyu tart\u0131\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n fiilleri, h\u00fcrriyeti ve kesb meselesini ele al\u0131rken de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini nakille, ak\u0131lla ve \u201cinkar edenin ger\u00e7e\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 bile bile direnen kimse durumuna d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi zaruri bilgi ile\u201d (Maturidi, 2002, 287) temellendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re herkes \u201ckendisini yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda h\u00fcr, fail ve kasip olarak hisseder.\u201d (Maturidi, 2002, 288) Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle her insan, kendini tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, kendisinin h\u00fcr irade sahibi bir varl\u0131k oldu\u011funu bilir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck meselesi, insan\u0131n kendisi ile ilgili alg\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillenir. Her insan, geli\u015ftirebildi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bilinci kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabilir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2160496812\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Yeni bir medeniyet tasavvuru, insan\u0131n evrendeki yerinin, koordinatlar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0131trata uygun olarak yeniden belirlenmesine, insan\u0131n kendisi ile ilgili varolu\u015fsal bilincin yeniden diriltilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmayan bir kimsenin, yarat\u0131c\u0131 yetilerini bilin\u00e7li ve etkin kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek ne kadar do\u011fru olabilir? \u0130nsan, insan olman\u0131n \u201cvar olma\u201ddan daha fazla bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu, bunun da ancak emekle, de\u011fer \u00fcretmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini bilerek kendini in\u015fa etmeye ba\u015flarsa, yeni bir medeniyet hamlesinin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 da at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. Kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmayan, \u201ckendini unutan\u201d \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131 da unutmu\u015f\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, insan\u0131 insan yapan b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaya ba\u015flar ve ya tanr\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131na kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131r, ya da kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla nesnele\u015fir. Belki de tanr\u0131l\u0131k iddialar\u0131n\u0131n nesnele\u015fmenin zirvesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Not: <\/strong>Bu yaz\u0131; Prof Dr. Hasan ONAT\u2019\u0131n <em>(<\/em><em>Ankara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi, \u0130slam Mezhepleri Tarihi Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/em>) Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararas\u0131 T\u00fcrk-Kazak \u00dcniversitesi Be\u015feri Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi Din Bilimleri b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Avrasya Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc organizat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 04-06 May\u0131s tarihleri aras\u0131nda Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkistan \u015fehrinde Uluslararas\u0131 Maturidilik (D\u00fcn\u00fc, Bug\u00fcn\u00fc ve Gelece\u011fi) Sempozyumda Sunulan \u201cYeni Bir \u0130slam Medeniyeti \u0130\u00e7in Maturidi ve Maturidili\u011fin \u00d6nemi\u201d Tebli\u011fi \u00d6zetlenerek Haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2178954321\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yazan:\u00a0Nevzat \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK, \u0130lahiyat\u00e7\u0131, E\u011fitimci Yazar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n gelecekte \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve onurlu bir hayat s\u00fcrebilmeleri i\u00e7in, mazinin ipote\u011finden kurtularak gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelmeleri, enerjilerini salih amele d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek bilginin g\u00fcc\u00fcne<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":31811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-8tA","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/nevzat-hoca-r.jpg?fit=640%2C640&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32586"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32586\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}