{"id":3160,"date":"2013-06-27T21:44:52","date_gmt":"2013-06-27T18:44:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=3160"},"modified":"2019-07-18T23:44:52","modified_gmt":"2019-07-18T21:44:52","slug":"bulgaristandaki-issizligin-tablosu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristandaki-issizligin-tablosu\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristan\u2019daki i\u015fsizli\u011fin tablosu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yaz\u0131: Milka Dimitrova<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelir ve i\u015fsizlikten kaynaklanan \u00fclkemizdeki sosyal gerginlik, ekonominin oligar\u015fi modeli y\u00f6netiminden ve ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminin siyasi partilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun tutumlar\u0131nda ahlak eksikli\u011finden ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Son d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda durgun ekonomi ve k\u00fcresel mali ve ekonomik krizin ezici etkisi, 400 binin \u00fczerinde ki\u015fiyi soka\u011fa b\u0131rakt\u0131. \u0130\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 12\u2019yi a\u015ft\u0131. Sezon i\u015fi bile i\u015fsizlik seviyesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcremiyor. \u0130statistik verilerine g\u00f6re Nisan ay\u0131nda i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 12.3 idi, yani 412 bin ki\u015fi ge\u00e7inimi olmadan ortada kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Milli \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn verilerine g\u00f6re y\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 14 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.
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\n\u00dclkemizdeki i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 tamamen durgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. \u00c7o\u011funlukla h\u00fck\u00fcmet istihdam programlar\u0131nda Avrupa finansman\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla ge\u00e7ici i\u015f yeri yarat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu i\u015f pozisyonlar\u0131 ama, i\u015f\u00e7ilerden \u00f6zel bir ihtisas gerektirmiyor. \u0130\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan insanlar, art\u0131k nefessiz kalan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyor. Bir\u00e7ok Bulgaristanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dikkati geli\u015fmi\u015f Avrupa \u00fclkelerine de y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. AB s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan en geri kalm\u0131\u015f Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 \u00fclkemizde ortalama i\u015fsizlik seviyesinin \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcndedir. Yerle\u015fim merkezleri \u0131ss\u0131zla\u015fmaya devam ediyor. Sadece ya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015filer kal\u0131yor. Bu olumsuz s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Vidin \u015fehri \u00e7ekiyor. Orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen n\u00fcfusun neredeyse y\u00fczde 22\u2019si i\u015fsizdir. Vidin\u2019den sonra Vratsa ve Montana s\u0131ralan\u0131yor. Orada i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 21\u2019dir. Tuna K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc 2\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgenin ekonomisini canland\u0131r\u0131p canland\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkuludur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yan\u0131ndaki altyap\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc durumda ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 vazge\u00e7iriyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130statistik verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkenin kuzeydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde, Silistra ilinde ve g\u00fcney Bulgaristan\u2019da, Smolyan b\u00f6lgesinde i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Kuzeydo\u011fu Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Razgrad ilinde ve g\u00fcneyde bulunan Sliven \u015fehrindeki i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 biraz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. \u0130statistik verileri, ba\u015fkent ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde i\u015f bulma imkan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Sofya\u2019da insanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fc alt\u0131nda i\u015fsizdir. Karadeniz \u015fehirleri Varna ve Burgas\u2019da i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 9 civar\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Yak\u0131nlarda di\u011fer kayg\u0131 verici bir s\u0131ralama da tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Milli \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn verilerine g\u00f6re Bulgar k\u00f6yleri \u0131ss\u0131zla\u015f\u0131yor ve bug\u00fcn orada 1 milyon 900 bin ki\u015fi, yani Bulgar n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 27\u2019si ya\u015f\u0131yor. Demografik verilere g\u00f6re ilk defa k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayanlar 2 milyonun alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. K\u00f6ylerde i\u015fsizler 125 bin ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Bulgaristan i\u00e7in ciddi bir sorun, gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in i\u015f eksikli\u011fidir. 15 ile 24 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda olan ve i\u015fi g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan gen\u00e7lerin oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 29\u2019un biraz \u00fczerindedir. Bu g\u00f6sterge a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Bulgaristan, Avrupa\u2019da gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek de\u011ferlere sahip \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda bulunuyor. Y\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 25 ile 34 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndakilerin y\u00fczde 16\u2019s\u0131 i\u015fsizdir. Bu durumda en kayg\u0131 verici olgu, bu ya\u015fta i\u015fsizlerin ilk okul veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck e\u011fitim seviyesine sahip olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, onlar\u0131 yoksullu\u011fa mahk\u00fcm ediyor. Y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenimli ve kalifiyeli gen\u00e7 Bulgaristanl\u0131lar, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde veya geli\u015fmi\u015f Avrupa ekonomilerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlerde yerini bulmu\u015ftur. Bu ise, \u00fclkemizdeki i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir\u00e7ok soru i\u015fareti yarat\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yurti\u00e7indeki \u015firketler gerekli kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 daha da zor bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130statistik verileri, i\u015fsiz olan Bulgaristanl\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 57\u2019sinin ilkokul veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck e\u011fitim seviyesine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok erkek i\u015fsiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>