{"id":31443,"date":"2018-06-20T22:34:51","date_gmt":"2018-06-20T19:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=31443"},"modified":"2018-06-23T10:15:24","modified_gmt":"2018-06-23T07:15:24","slug":"bulgaristan-turkleri-ve-devam-eden-sorunlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristan-turkleri-ve-devam-eden-sorunlar\/","title":{"rendered":"BULGAR\u0130STAN T\u00dcRKLER\u0130 VE DEVAM EDEN SORUNLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<p>T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlara gelmeleri M.\u00d6. II y\u00fczy\u0131llardan itibaren XI. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden ak\u0131n ak\u0131n gelmi\u015f olsalar da XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zirveye ula\u015fmas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Zira fetihlerle birlikte Anadolu\u2019dan getirilerek bu b\u00f6lgeye planl\u0131 bir isk\u00e2n politikas\u0131 uygulanmak suretiyle T\u00fcrklerin yerle\u015ftirilmesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nBu iskanlar\u0131n etkisiyle artan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu Balkanlarda h\u0131zla artm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle Bulgaristan\u2019da %80\u2019lere varan oranlarda \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu cizye defterlerindeki kay\u0131tlardan bilinmektedir. T\u00fcrk iskanlar\u0131 devam ederken bir taraftan da b\u00f6lgede \u0130slam dinine ge\u00e7i\u015fler de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc H\u0131ristiyan n\u00fcfus i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fanan mezhepsel bask\u0131lara dayanamayan baz\u0131 yerli n\u00fcfustan \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 tercih edenler g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir, 1410 y\u0131l\u0131nda Protestan Bosna Hersek Basele (Basel) Konsili bir taraftan Katolpak bir taraftan Rum kiliselerinin bask\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkleri \u00fclkesine davet ederek \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7tikleri \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi. \u0130slam\u2019a ge\u00e7memi\u015f olan yerli halk aras\u0131nda ise din ve dillerini korumu\u015f olsalar da etkile\u015fimlerin de etkisiyle bir s\u00fcre sonra ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk usul\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemeler g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki gayri M\u00fcslim halka Osmanl\u0131 idaresi asla \u0130slam dinine girmeleri veya T\u00fcrkle\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in bask\u0131lar yapmam\u0131\u015f, y\u00f6netim adil bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<br \/>\nFakat y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesiyle birlikte yeni kurulan devletler T\u00fcrklere bu kadar m\u00fcsamahal\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1789\u2019daki Fransa\u2019da ba\u015flayan milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle, zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flayan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 pe\u015f pe\u015fe isyan hareketleri ba\u015flatan Balkan halklar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elde ettiklerinde ilk olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusuna kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<br \/>\nBulgar Prensli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erinde 1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1.120.000 T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 1.130.000 Bulgar n\u00fcfusunun oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetmesi adeta k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 olmu\u015f, T\u00fckler ak\u0131n ak\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 olgusu ile tan\u0131\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7leri adeta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam etmi\u015ftir denilebilir. Fakat bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerde her zaman kan, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131, bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcmler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nYa\u015fanan g\u00f6\u00e7lerde binlerce soyda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z yollarda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, kalanlar ise az\u0131nl\u0131k durumuna d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Katliam ve bask\u0131lar\u0131n en fazla ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Balkanlar b\u00f6lgesiyse Bulgaristan olmu\u015ftur. Oysa 19 Nisan 1909\u2019da Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Bulgaristan prensli\u011fini resmen tan\u0131yan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, ikili temaslarla Bulgaristan\u2019da kalan T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusuna Din konusunu resmi olarak protokole ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nBulgaristan-T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda imzalanan b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasi anla\u015fmalarda T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olsa da Bulgaristan \u0131srarla bu maddeleri uygulamaktan imtina etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin Devam Eden Sorunlar\u0131 ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6nerileri;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Milli Kimlik Sorunu:\u00a0<\/strong>Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri Bulgar yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re Kom\u00fcnist d\u00f6nemde oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cDilleri Bulgarca Olmayan Vatanda\u015flar\u201d olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yasalara \u201cBulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri\u201d olarak ge\u00e7irilmelidirler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Dini E\u011fitim:\u00a0<\/strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri aras\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde istekle dini e\u011fitim ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak alt yap\u0131 yetersizli\u011finden dolay\u0131 Bulgaristan din adamlar\u0131 e\u011fitimlerini ba\u015fta Suriye olmak \u00fczere Arap \u00fclkelerinde yapmaktad\u0131rlar. H\u00e2lbuki bu e\u011fitim T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u00fcksekokullar d\u00fczeyinde milli benliklerle yap\u0131labilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Din Adamlar\u0131 Yetersizli\u011fi:\u00a0<\/strong>Kom\u00fcnist d\u00f6nemde din yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve camilerin \u00e7o\u011fu da y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Din adamlar\u0131 yeti\u015fmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00f6nemli sorunlardan biri de cami ve din g\u00f6revlisi sorunu olmu\u015ftur. Bulgaristan\u2019da son zamanda camilerin say\u0131s\u0131 artmakta ama \u00f6zellikle Suudi Arabisistan\u2019\u0131n da yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uzak mimari ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-964801288\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>4. E\u011fitim \u00d6\u011frenim Sorunu:\u00a0<\/strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bulgaristan okullar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk E\u011fitiminin durumu vahim durumdad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011fretmenler de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Dersi de yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. Esas\u0131nda yok de\u011fil daha do\u011frusu aldatmacadan ibarettir.<br \/>\nBulgaristan anayasas\u0131na g\u00f6re az\u0131nl\u0131klar anadilde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Ama \u015fahsi m\u00fcracaat ile m\u00fcfredat d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ana dil e\u011fitimi al\u0131nabilmektedir. Okul saatleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda istekle veya se\u00e7meli yabanc\u0131 dil e\u011fitimi gibi ana dil e\u011fitimi T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na kendi dilleri yabanc\u0131 dil gibi verilmektedir. Daha \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan Almanca, \u0130ngilizce aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmakta zorlanmalar\u0131 ve karma\u015fa ya\u015famalar\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde yeti\u015ftirilecek ayd\u0131n T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7leri sayesinde Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n da ayd\u0131n olarak yeti\u015ftirilecek programlar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Vak\u0131flar ve Vak\u0131f Mallar\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Bulgaristan\u2019daki vak\u0131f mallar \u00e7ok ama tam olarak tespiti yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam eserlerinin tam bir envanteri \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak T\u00fcrk Ulusuna kazand\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. \u0130\u015fsizlik:<\/strong>\u00a0Bulgaristan\u2019da istatistiklere g\u00f6re i\u015fsizlik Romanlardan sonra en fazla T\u00fcrklerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte ve b\u00f6lgesel olarak da en fazla T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde yo\u011funluk kazanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler genellikle tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olup 1990 sonras\u0131nda tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve bundan da elbette en fazla T\u00fcrkler etkilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Bilgisizlik:\u00a0<\/strong>Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi olan Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler yasal haklar\u0131 konusunda yeterli bilgileri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131m kesiminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 halde fonlardan nas\u0131l yararlanacaklar\u0131n\u0131 da bilmemektedirler<\/p>\n<p><strong>8. Pomak T\u00fcrkleri Sorunu:<\/strong>\u00a0Pomaklar \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u0130slamiyet\u2019i se\u00e7mi\u015f ve kendilerini T\u00fcrk kabul eden bir topluluktur. Ama Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan\u2019da onlara sahip \u00e7\u0131karak kendileri lehine asimile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bitmemi\u015ftir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla Bulgarcaya yak\u0131n dil konu\u015fan bu unsura T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitim ve T\u00fcrkl\u00fck \u015fuurlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara gecikilmeden ba\u015flan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca son zamanlarda Araplar\u0131n Pomaklara Vehabilik propagandas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken ayr\u0131 bir husus olup tedbirler acilen al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye k\u00fclt\u00fcr gezileri planlayarak T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe tam manas\u0131yla kazand\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kurslar a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4261694804\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130smail C\u0130NG\u00d6Z; Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Uzman\u0131\/M.Sc. \u2013 BULT\u00dcRK Ankara Temsilcisi.<\/p>\n<p>NOT: Bu makale yazar\u0131n; 11 Ekim 2015 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen\u00a0<em><strong>\u201cBULT\u00dcRK Derne\u011fi \u2018Birlik ve Karde\u015flik\u2019 Paneli\u201d<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0nde\u00a0<em><strong>\u201cBulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk Tarihi, Pomaklar ve Ya\u015fanan G\u00f6\u00e7ler\u201d<\/strong><\/em>konulu bildirisinden ve\u00a0<em><strong>\u201cBulgaristan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131k Sorunlar\u0131\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>isimli yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan g\u00fcncellenerek \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-3373205399\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlara gelmeleri M.\u00d6. II y\u00fczy\u0131llardan itibaren XI. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinden ak\u0131n ak\u0131n gelmi\u015f olsalar da XIII. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zirveye ula\u015fmas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":23005,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-8b9","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ismail-cingoz.jpg?fit=280%2C368&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31443"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31443\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}