{"id":31139,"date":"2018-06-04T03:28:14","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T00:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=31139"},"modified":"2019-06-26T16:14:11","modified_gmt":"2019-06-26T13:14:11","slug":"bulgaristanda-fasizme-karsi-mucadele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanda-fasizme-karsi-mucadele\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristan&#8217;da Fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>9 Haziran 1923\u2019te Bulgaristan\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmet darbesi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Aleksand\u0131r Stamboliyski h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. H\u00fck\u00fcmet darbesi BZSN ile Kom\u00fcnist Partisi aras\u0131nda m\u00fccadele birli\u011fi kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. B\u00f6yle bir cephenin kurulamamas\u0131n\u0131n temelinde ise, Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin k\u00f6y ve kent burjuvazisi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lmamak ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak gibi yanl\u0131\u015f bir karar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ve BZN i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7lerin yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve kentli emek\u00e7iler fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 yer yer ayakland\u0131lar. Komsomolcular, ayaklanmaya her tarafta aktif olarak kitle halinde kat\u0131l\u0131p, g\u00f6rev al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ayaklanmalar Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin Merkez Komitesi\u2019nin \u201charekete ge\u00e7meyin, bekleyin\u201d emri vererek gen\u00e7li\u011fin harekete ge\u00e7me \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmu\u015ftu. Yer yer patlak veren Haziran Antifa\u015fist Ayaklanmas\u0131 Kom\u00fcnist Partsi ile \u00c7ift\u00e7i Birli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etmesi ve geri \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 sebebiyle k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Tsankov\u2019un fa\u015fist iktidar\u0131 \u00c7ift\u00e7i Halk Birli\u011fi\u2019ne, Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019ne ve Komsomol\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 amans\u0131z bir soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00d6NET\u0130ME KAR\u015e B\u0130RLE\u015e\u0130K CEPHE<\/h3>\n<p>BKP Merkez Komitesi A\u011fustos 1923\u2019teki oturumlar\u0131nda silahl\u0131 antifa\u015fist ayaklanman\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu amaca ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce kent ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc emek\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda ittifak kurmak gerekiyordu. Kararlarda, BKP\u2019nin; t\u00fcm kitlesel \u00f6rg\u00fctlere birle\u015fik cephe olu\u015fturma \u00f6nerisinde bulunmas\u0131 vard\u0131. Dimitrov bu birle\u015fik cephe \u00fczerine \u015funu* yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u00a0\u201cBKP kendi sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck program hedeflerinden vazge\u00e7meden, parti ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedelemeden, Sosyal Demokrat, \u00c7ift\u00e7i ve radikal partilerinden de kendi program ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7melerini istemeden, birle\u015fik cephe kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor. Kom\u00fcnistler \u015fu s\u0131rada sermayenin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, emek\u00e7i kitleleri felaket ve tehlikelerden ve burjuvazinin soktu\u011fu \u00e7\u0131kmazdan kurtarmak i\u00e7in birle\u015fik cephenin en g\u00fcvenilir yol oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorlar.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fik cephe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n peki\u015ferek s\u00fcrmesinden korkan Tsankov fa\u015fist y\u00f6netimi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 bask\u0131nlar, tutuklamalarla engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Ayaklanmay\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek gerekiyordu. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda ayaklanma ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y ve kasaba ayaklanmaya kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck merkezlerin bu ayaklanman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 ve ayaklanmalar\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda ba\u015flamamas\u0131 nedenleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri birlikler ayaklananlar\u0131n saf\u0131na kazan\u0131lamad\u0131. Bundan faydalanarak ayaklanma gaddarca bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Kana boyanan fakat Bulgaristan\u2019da gelecekteki sava\u015flara b\u00fcy\u00fck deneyimler veren 1923 Eyl\u00fcl ayaklanmas\u0131na emek\u00e7i gen\u00e7ler \u00f6n s\u0131ralarda ve kitlesel olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1664643684\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>* Georgi Dimitrov, Vestnik Gazetesi<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>HALK FA\u015e\u0130ZMLE BARI\u015eMIYORDU<\/h3>\n<p>Eyl\u00fcl ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra 1923 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda yap\u0131lan parlamento se\u00e7imlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 fa\u015fist y\u00f6netimi deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc: i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc ortak cephesine oy verenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 300 bini buluyordu. Geli\u015fen i\u015fbirli\u011finden daha da korkar hale geldiler.<\/p>\n<p>1924 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Komsomol\u2019un legal organ\u0131 olan Bide\u015fte gazetesi \u00fclkenin \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde, fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fcn kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in gen\u00e7lik yard\u0131m komiteleri kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 propaganda ediyordu. Bu komiteler b\u00fct\u00fcn ilerici gen\u00e7likle sa\u011flam bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7ok yard\u0131m ettiler. Bide\u015fte yasaklan\u0131nca yerine Svetlina gazetesi \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ndirilen a\u011f\u0131r darbelerin etkisinden k\u0131sa zamanda kalk\u0131p do\u011frulan devrimci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kasaba ve k\u00f6y emek\u00e7ileri i\u00e7indeki etklisi daha da artt\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc halk fa\u015fizmle bar\u0131\u015fm\u0131yordu. Bu durum yeni bir ayaklanma haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3>BURJUVAZ\u0130 GEN\u00c7L\u0130\u011e\u0130 KAZANMAYA \u00c7ALI\u015eIYOR<\/h3>\n<p>1925 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda kapitalist d\u00fcnya, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ekonomik ve politik bunal\u0131mlardan yakas\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131 ve ayaklanmalar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne bast\u0131. Ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in devrimci hareket geriledi.<\/p>\n<p>Burjuvazi, kom\u00fcnist gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne en vah\u015fi \u015fekilde sald\u0131r\u0131rken gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar aras\u0131nda kendine kuvvet kazanabilmek i\u00e7in ya eski gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini canland\u0131rd\u0131 ya da yenilerini kurdu. Fakat bu kurulu\u015flar gen\u00e7li\u011fi burjuvazinin payandas\u0131 durumuna getiremediler. Bununla birlikte burjuvazi spor dernekleri ve di\u011fer kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle daha yak\u0131ndan ilgilenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fctler i\u00e7inde Bulgar \u015fovenizmi fikrini yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1509858103\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>G\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015fen Tsankov, Lap\u00e7ev ile de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Lap\u00e7ev, Tsankov\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ter\u00f6r politikas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcler y\u00fczle devam ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O da hapishaneleri ilerici kesimlerle dolduruyordu.<\/p>\n<h3>GEN\u00c7L\u0130\u011e\u0130N S\u00d6Z\u00dc<\/h3>\n<p>Parti \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde geri \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu takti\u011fi do\u011fru kullanmak i\u00e7in emek\u00e7i kitlelerle yayg\u0131n ba\u011flar kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131, meslek birlikleri, gazete ve dergi kurdu. Bir \u00e7ok yerde i\u015f\u00e7i gen\u00e7lik dernekleri kuruldu.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Komsomol birle\u015fik cephe takti\u011fini uygulamay\u0131 Moskova g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri sonras\u0131nda da \u00f6n\u00fcne koydu. 1926\u2019da Gen\u00e7li\u011fin S\u00f6z\u00fc ad\u0131nda haftal\u0131k bir gazete \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu gazete emek\u00e7i gen\u00e7li\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve devrimci e\u011fitimine yard\u0131m etti, gen\u00e7li\u011fin sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmede \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Legal bir i\u015f\u00e7i gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma sorunu geni\u015f olarak incelenmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Gen\u00e7li\u011fin S\u00f6z\u00fc b\u00fcrolar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda gen\u00e7lik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma okullar\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu. Bu okullar gelecekte kurulacak i\u015f\u00e7i gen\u00e7lik birli\u011finin ilk gruplar\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n<p>Komsomol yerel i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctleri kurulmas\u0131 ve daha sonra onlar\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Gen\u00e7lik Birli\u011fi\u2019nde toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli olay\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 ve bu yeni partinin organ\u0131 olarak Rabotni\u00e7enko Delo gazetesinin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yd\u0131. RP\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Gen\u00e7lik Birli\u011fi(RMS)\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131na h\u0131z kazand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1174761238\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<h3>GER\u0130C\u0130 E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M POL\u0130T\u0130KALARINA KAR\u015eI \u00d6\u011eRENC\u0130 GEN\u00c7L\u0130K<\/h3>\n<p>1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bulgaristan Genel Halk \u00dcniversiteliler Birli\u011fi (BONSS) kuruldu. \u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011frenci gen\u00e7li\u011finin antifa\u015fist \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak kurulan BONSS, RMS\u2019nin yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n<p>RMS, baz\u0131 okullarda Marksizm-Leninizm dernekleri kurdu. Bu dernekler k\u00fclt\u00fcr bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dini ve gerici e\u011fitim politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu dernekler t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frenci gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda Marksizm ve Leninizm fikirlerini yay\u0131yordu. Bir \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011frenci boykotunu da y\u00f6netti.<\/p>\n<p>Haktan yana \u00fcniversiteliler BONSS \u00f6nderli\u011finde 1931 Aral\u0131k\u2019\u0131nda Tsankov\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir boykot yapt\u0131 ve g\u00f6steriler d\u00fczenledi. Talepleri 9 Haziranc\u0131 profes\u00f6rlerin ve Tsankov\u2019un \u00fcniversitelerden gitmesi ve Devlet Savunma Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 idi. Boykot kazan\u0131mla sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Orta \u00f6\u011fretimdeki \u00f6\u011frenciler Tsankov y\u00f6netiminin gerici e\u011fitim politikas\u0131na, y\u00fcksek okul har\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 eylemler yapt\u0131lar. \u00d6\u011frenciler \u00fclkenin her yerinde yap\u0131lan grevleri izliyor ve te\u015fvik ediyordu. \u00d6\u011frenci hareketini \u00f6rg\u00fctlemede BONSS organ\u0131 Studentsko Zname gazetesi \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3533507597\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan Devrimci Gen\u00e7lik Hareketi Tarihi, Evrensel Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3856740480\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>9 Haziran 1923\u2019te Bulgaristan\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmet darbesi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Aleksand\u0131r Stamboliyski h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. H\u00fck\u00fcmet darbesi BZSN ile Kom\u00fcnist Partisi aras\u0131nda m\u00fccadele birli\u011fi kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. B\u00f6yle<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":31140,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[30,1102],"class_list":["post-31139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-siyaset","tag-bulgaristan","tag-fasizm"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/bugaristan%C4%B1n-fasizme-karsi-mucadelesi.jpg?fit=730%2C487&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-86f","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31139"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31139\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}