{"id":28252,"date":"2018-03-12T13:43:20","date_gmt":"2018-03-12T10:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=28252"},"modified":"2018-03-13T10:06:38","modified_gmt":"2018-03-13T07:06:38","slug":"19-yuzyilda-istanbuldaki-bulgar-basini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/19-yuzyilda-istanbuldaki-bulgar-basini\/","title":{"rendered":"19. y\u00fczy\u0131l&#8217;da \u0130stanbul&#8217;daki Bulgar bas\u0131n\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bojidar\u00a0\u00c7ipof&#8217;un bu makalesi,<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-F1OUjDXujEE\/UIU66gP5ZuI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/904_reGiHBQ\/s1600\/Tsarigrad1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1789 Frans\u0131z \u0130htil\u00e2li\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 saran milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131m\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131 da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemi\u015f ve bu etkilenme \u015f\u00fcphesiz en fazla Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni ilgilendirmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Zira Osmanl\u0131 idaresi alt\u0131nda, Balkanlar\u2019da \u00e7ok say\u0131da ulus vard\u0131. Burada, ulus tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ulus kavram\u0131 ile \u00f6zde\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve o d\u00f6nemde ulus tan\u0131m\u0131 ile dinsel ama ba\u015fta etnik unsurlar\u0131n kast edildi\u011fini vurgulayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>Fatih Sultan Mehmet, 1453\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019u ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk i\u015f olarak Rum ve Ermeni\u00a0Patrikhaneleri\u2019ni i\u015flevsel hale getirdi, \u00f6rne\u011fin bo\u015f olan Rum Patriklik makam\u0131n\u0131 doldurttu. Ermeni Patri\u011fi\u2019ne verilen \u201c<strong>Millet Ba\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n Ermenilerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 neticesinde olu\u015fan tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 bu makalenin konusu de\u011fildir. Ama Rum Patri\u011fi\u2019ne verilen Millet Ba\u015f\u0131 unvan\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00e7ok ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131tan husus olmu\u015ftur. Zira Millet Ba\u015f\u0131 sadece dinsel a\u00e7\u0131dan bir lider de\u011fildi. Patrikhanelerin, dinsel olmaktan ba\u015fka cismani yetkileri de vard\u0131 ve bunlar vergi, kad\u0131l\u0131k yetkileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan yarg\u0131, evlenme ve n\u00fcfus hareketleri ile daha bir\u00e7ok hususu i\u00e7eriyordu. Rum Milleti dendi\u011finde sadece Rum ve Yunan unsurlar de\u011fil t\u00fcm Ortodoks tebaa bu kapsam i\u00e7indeydi.<\/p>\n<p>Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin yetkilerine en \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan etnik topluluk Bulgarlard\u0131. 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde Bulgarlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki farkl\u0131 hareket yan yana ilerlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunlardan biri Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n, Balkanlarda da zuhur etmesi ve Bulgarlar aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminden ayr\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Bulgaristan kurma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiydi.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer bir ak\u0131m ise Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden, hatta Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve de Sultan\u2019\u0131n deste\u011fi ile Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nden ve dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Rum Milleti i\u00e7inde telakki edilmekten kurtulmakt\u0131. Bu bir anlamda dinsel, di\u011fer anlamda da Patrikli\u011fin cismani yetkilerinden kurtulmakt\u0131.\u00a0 Rum despotlar\u0131n toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergiler, Bulgar diline olan bask\u0131 &#8211;<em>ki bu noktada Bulgar milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ile de paralel bir ba\u015fka ak\u0131m da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/em>&#8211; ve bu bask\u0131 neticesinde kiliselerde Yunanca ibadet etmeye zorlanma ile Bulgarlar\u0131n okullarda da Yunanca e\u011fitime zorlanmalar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca hususlard\u0131. Bulgarlar, Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda idare edilmek iste\u011findeydiler.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1476298319\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka husus da Bulgarlar aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan misyonerlik faaliyetleriydi. Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019ne tepki duyan, varl\u0131kl\u0131 Bulgar aileler \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 Yunanca e\u011fitim verilen okullara g\u00f6ndermemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. En tercih edilen okul ise \u00fcnl\u00fc misyoner Hamlin\u2019in kurdu\u011fu \u201c<strong>Robert College<\/strong>\u201d idi. Robert College\u2019de okuyan Bulgar gen\u00e7leri ve aileleri aras\u0131nda Patrikhane\u2019ye tepki olarak Protestanla\u015fma ba\u015flad\u0131. Vatikan da bo\u015f durmuyor ve bir yandan onlar da kendi misyonerlik faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde, mezhep de\u011fi\u015ftirme neticesinde Bulgar Ortodoks Cemaati\u2019nden ayr\u0131lan, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile de Rum Milleti\u2019nin bir bireyi olma vasf\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131ndan atanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu ayr\u0131\u015fma ise Bulgar dini liderlerini endi\u015felenmeye sevk etmi\u015fti. Zira Ortodoks cemaat azal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Bir yandan milliyet\u00e7ilik, di\u011fer yandan Sultan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 Bulgar kilise \u00f6nderlerinin faaliyetleri neticesinde, 1870\u2019de \u201c<strong>Bulgar Eksarhl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ferman\u0131<\/strong>\u201d \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Bulgarlar, Rum Milleti\u2019nden ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Bu dinsel m\u00fccadeleleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenler ve milliyet\u00e7i ak\u0131mlar tabi\u00ee ki seslerini duyurmak i\u00e7in medyan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kulland\u0131lar. 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde az\u0131msanmayacak say\u0131da Bulgar Gazetesi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1830\u2019dan itibaren \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Bulgarlar\u0131n ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan da organize olduklar\u0131, loncalar kurarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, \u00a0\u00f6te yandan Neofit Bozveli ve \u0130larion Makariopolski gibi dini liderlerin ise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise i\u00e7in ba\u015flayan faaliyetleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>O d\u00f6nemdeki gazete ve dergi \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini burada tam olarak yans\u0131tmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u2026 Bu makalemizde, 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da Bulgarca gazete ve derginin aras\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerde yay\u0131n yapan ya da d\u00f6nemin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yay\u0131n organ\u0131 niteli\u011finde olan 12 gazete ve 1 dergiyi ele al\u0131yoruz. \u00a0Gazetelerin yay\u0131n politikalar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak yukar\u0131da k\u0131sa a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler hakk\u0131nda da kanaat sahibi olunabilir.<\/p>\n<p>27 Eyl\u00fcl 2010\u2019da, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi, \u0130leti\u015fim Fak\u00fcltesi taraf\u0131ndan, Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fck Merkez Binas\u0131\u2019nda, \u0130stanbul\u2019da; Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yabanc\u0131 dillerde bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gazete ve dergiler sergilendi ve \u201c<strong><em>\u00c7ok Dilli \u0130leti\u015fimin Merkezi: \u0130stanbul, Paneli ve Sergisi<\/em><\/strong>\u201d d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2017205787\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu serginin \u00fc\u00e7te birini ar\u015fivimizde bulunan ya da taraf\u0131m\u0131zca Bulgaristan\u2019dan temin edilen Bulgarca gazete ve dergiler te\u015fkil etti. Sergi dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve diyalar\u0131 bu makalemizde payla\u015f\u0131yoruz. Kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu nedeniyle makalemizde dipnot uygulamas\u0131 yapamad\u0131k.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alfabetik S\u0131ralamayla 19. Y.Y. Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi Bulgar Bas\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6rnekleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u0131lgariya\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Bulgaristan)<\/em>28x40cm<\/p>\n<p>Frans\u0131z Katolik misyonerlerinin himayesi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, Bulgar Cemaati\u2019ne y\u00f6nelik Katolik misyonerli\u011fi yapan ve ilk say\u0131s\u0131 28 Mart 1859\u2019de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir gazetedir. Bu gazetenin esas amac\u0131 Bulgar Katoliklerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelikti. Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin bask\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda zaten \u00e7ok say\u0131da Bulgar Ortodoks Katolikle\u015fmi\u015fti. Gazetenin ilk redakt\u00f6r\u00fc Vatikan ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olan Dragan Tsankov\u2019dur. Belli bir misyon ama\u00e7lamas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc toplumun tam olarak ilgisine yan\u0131t verememi\u015f ve ger\u00e7ek sorunlar\u0131 yans\u0131tmayan, yanl\u0131 bir gazete olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk d\u00f6neminde haftal\u0131k bir gazete olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ancak belli zamanlarda ekler bast\u0131rarak yay\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1861\u2019in sonbahar\u0131ndan 1862\u2019nin ilkbahar\u0131na kadar Hristo Vaklidov\u2019un sponsorlu\u011funda ve Tsankov\u2019un redakt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131rken \u201c<strong>Bulgar<\/strong>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ilk ta\u015f\u0131yan bir gazete olmas\u0131 ve s\u0131k s\u0131k Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 tutum g\u00f6steren yaz\u0131lar yazmas\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde Katolik olmayan Bulgarlar aras\u0131nda da pop\u00fcler olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 tutumunu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle ortaya koyar:\u00a0<strong><em>\u201c\u2026Rumlar \u00e7obans\u0131z bir s\u00fcr\u00fc bulmu\u015flar, s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011f\u0131yorlar ama beslemiyorlar\u2026<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Bu ve daha \u00e7ok say\u0131daki Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 tepkisel yaz\u0131lar, tabi ki o tarihte var olan Patrikhane kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan heyecan vericiydi. Ancak gazetenin misyonunun, Ortodoks Bulgarlar\u0131 Patrikhane bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtarmaktan \u00e7ok Katolik Bulgar say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, o d\u00f6nemde Patrikhane\u2019den ayr\u0131lmak isteyen \u201cDini Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d yanl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ho\u015f g\u00f6zle bak\u0131lmayan bir m\u00fcessese konumundayd\u0131 ve Latince ve Frans\u0131zcay\u0131 \u00f6nermekteydi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3911260325\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca Papa ve Papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok duruyor, Bulgarlar\u0131n Roma ile \u00e7ok eskilere dayanan tarihsel ba\u011flar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z eden makaleler ne\u015frediyordu. Katolikli\u011fi se\u00e7menin, Bulgar halk\u0131 i\u00e7in Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin ezici ve eritici etkisinden kurtulman\u0131n biricik yolunun oldu\u011funu savunan ve Roma Kilisesi\u2019yle birle\u015fmenin a\u00e7\u0131k propagandas\u0131n\u0131 yapan bir gazeteydi. 25 Mart 1863\u2019te yay\u0131n\u0131na son vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7itali\u015fte\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Okuma Yurdu Dergisi)<\/em>28x40cm<\/p>\n<p>\u0130stanbul\u2019daki Bulgar Okuma Yurdu\u2019nun yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olarak iki haftada bir yay\u0131nlanmaktayd\u0131. Kurucusu Marko Balabanov\u2019dur. 1870\u20131875 aras\u0131nda dergide, Lazar Yov\u00e7ev, Todor \u0130konomov, Petko Slaveykov, Stefan Bob\u00e7ev ve Dragan Tsankov gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc Bulgar ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 redakt\u00f6rl\u00fck yapm\u0131\u015f sorumlu yay\u0131n i\u015fleri m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ise Pravo Gazetesi\u2019nde de y\u00f6neticilik yapm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130van Naydenov yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendi matbaas\u0131 olmay\u0131p farkl\u0131 matbaalarda bas\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. 1875\u20131876 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki Bulgar isyanlar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur. Derginin misyonu ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 ve e\u011fitimci bir \u00e7izgideydi. Yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flarken verdi\u011fi il\u00e2nlarda \u015f\u00f6yle bir deklarasyon vard\u0131:\u00a0\u00a0<em>\u201c<strong>Sevgili memleketlerinin kritik bir durumda bulundu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcren bir tak\u0131m ate\u015fli vatanseverler \u201csilah, silah\u201d diye ate\u015fli naralar at\u0131yorlar. Oysaki \u201cKitap, kitap\u201d diye hayk\u0131rmalar\u0131 da gerekir ki ayd\u0131nlanma yolunda ilerlensin<\/strong><\/em><strong>.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7itali\u015fte Dergisi, Bulgarlar\u0131n\u00a0<em>(kendi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan)\u00a0<\/em>ulusal bilincini uyand\u0131r\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve kamuoyu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \u201c<strong><em>Slav Birlikteli\u011fi Hakk\u0131nda<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0\u201c<strong><em>Slavlar ve Bulgarlar Hakk\u0131nda<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u201c<strong>Slav ve Balkan Halklar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda<\/strong>\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makaleleri yank\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve Slavl\u0131k bilincini a\u015f\u0131lamakta ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. O g\u00fcnlerin pop\u00fcler deyimiyle \u201c<strong>Evrimci ve Ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131<\/strong>\u201d\u00a0 \u00e7izgisini korumu\u015f ve ileride olu\u015facak Bulgar \u0130syan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. O d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in 1700 abonesi vard\u0131r ki bu \u00f6nemli bir say\u0131d\u0131r. Bulgar ayd\u0131n\u0131 Bob\u00e7ev\u2019e g\u00f6re; \u00c7itali\u015fte Dergisi yeterince okura veya aboneye sahipti ama devrin \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 durumu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m hizmetlerinin d\u00fczensizli\u011fi ve derginin abonelere zaman\u0131nda ula\u015fmamas\u0131 sebebiyle yay\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 bitirmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gayda\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Gayda)<\/em>28x40cm<\/p><div id=\"bghab-103988292\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>15 Haziran 1863\u2019te yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ilk kez, mizah ve hicvin s\u00fcreli yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na bir \u00f6rnek olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Petko Slaveykov redakt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan gazetenin alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yleydi: \u201c<strong><em>Bulgarlar\u0131 sarsarak kendine getirmeyi ama\u00e7layan ele\u015ftiri gazetesi<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Daha \u00f6nce B\u00fckre\u015f\u2019te \u201c<strong>Smesna Kitka<\/strong>\u201d\u00a0<em>(Karma Demet)<\/em>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 derlemeyi \u00e7\u0131karan ve bu arada bir\u00e7ok kitab\u0131n\u0131 da Bulgar okurlarla bulu\u015fturan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yazar Petko Slaveykov, Gayda ile o y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Bulgar gazetecili\u011fine y\u00f6n veren ki\u015fi konumundad\u0131r. Slaveykov, mizah\u0131 gazetecili\u011fin silah\u0131 olarak kullanarak, onu ac\u0131mas\u0131zca Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nin papazlar\u0131na ve Bulgar t\u00fcccarlar\u0131na\u00a0<em>(\u00c7orbac\u0131lara)<\/em>\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6neltir.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Balkapan\u0131 Lortlar\u0131<\/strong>\u201d nitelemesi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filer, kalbur\u00fcst\u00fc Bulgar t\u00fcccar ve \u00e7orbac\u0131lar\u0131 ve Bulgarlar aras\u0131nda Katolik propagandas\u0131 yapanlard\u0131r. Ele\u015ftiri \u00e7izgisinden dolay\u0131 kapat\u0131lma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nca, 17 Nisan 1865\u2019ten itibaren gazetenin alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201c<strong>Bilim ve E\u011flence Gazetesi<\/strong>\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Ama bu 24 Nisan 1865\u2019te yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez. Tekrar izin al\u0131r ve bu kez de \u201c<strong>Bilim ve Sohbet Gazetesi\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0diye deklare edilir. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rne\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, Gayda Gazetesi Bulgar bas\u0131n tarihinde benzersiz bir \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130zto\u00e7no Vreme\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Do\u011fu Zaman\u0131)<\/em>28x40cm<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>The Levant Times<\/strong>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u0130ngilizce ve Frans\u0131zca olarak \u00e7\u0131kmakta iken, 12 Ocak 1874\u2019te \u00f6nce Dragan Tsankov, daha sonra da Petko Sandov redakt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Bulgarca olarak yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3741476376\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>31 A\u011fustos 1874\u2019te ise \u201c<strong>\u0130zto\u00e7no Vreme<\/strong>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 alarak bir Bulgar gazetesi olarak yay\u0131n hayat\u0131ndaki yerini ald\u0131. Gazete, zengin i\u00e7erikli ve d\u00fczeyli yaz\u0131larla dikkati \u00e7ekmekteydi. Tabi ki bunda k\u00f6keninin, The Levant Times gibi Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi \u0130stanbul\u2019da bas\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir gazeteden gelmesi \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgarlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde Bulgarcan\u0131n resmi dil olarak kabul edilmesi, Bulgar gen\u00e7lerinin de askere al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile Rumlar gibi askeri ve sivil g\u00f6revlere getirilmeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde lobi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar redakt\u00f6r ve personel taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte sahibi \u0130ngiliz as\u0131ll\u0131 \u201c<strong>L.Hanley<\/strong>\u201d idi. Hanley\u2019in s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngiltere Konsoloslu\u011fu\u2019na dayam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu gazetenin ele\u015ftirel a\u00e7\u0131dan daha rahat hareket etmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu husus ile ilgili olarak Katolik ve Protestan misyonerli\u011finin o tarihlerde Bulgarlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funa k\u0131saca dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekiyor ki bu \u0130ngiliz sermayesinin ve politik deste\u011fini vurgulayal\u0131m. Mesela, Britanya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Elliot, 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1874 tarihli bir raporunda \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u201c<strong><em>Bulgarca n\u00fcshan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f iznini, Bab\u0131\u00e2li\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn isteksizli\u011fine ra\u011fmen ben ald\u0131m ve Mr. Hanley bu i\u015fe giri\u015fti.<\/em><\/strong>\u201d \u0130zto\u00e7no Vreme Gazetesi\u2019nin son say\u0131s\u0131 16 Temmuz 1877\u2019de \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Makedoniya<\/strong><em>(Makedonya)<\/em>\u00a033&#215;48 cm<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Gayda<\/strong>\u201dn\u0131n da redakt\u00f6r\u00fc olan Petko Slaveykov taraf\u0131ndan 3 Aral\u0131k 1866\u2019da yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Deneyimli bir gazeteci olan Slaveykov, Makedoniya\u2019y\u0131\u00a0<em>halk i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u00a0ve onu Bulgarlarla ilgili t\u00fcm fikirlerin trib\u00fcn\u00fc haline getirmek istedi\u011fini deklare ederek yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Bulgarlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ettikleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilisenin kurulmas\u0131 ve Fener Rum Patrikli\u011fi\u2019nden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 destekledi 25 Temmuz 1872\u2019ye kadar yay\u0131n hayat\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1381860318\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Napred\u0131k\u00a0<\/strong><em>(\u0130lerleme)\u00a0<\/em>28x40cm<\/p>\n<p>5 Temmuz 1874\u2019de, Pravo Gazetesi\u2019nin devam\u0131 niteli\u011finde ve say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirerek \u2018<strong>\u2019Halk, Politika ve Edebiyat Haberleri Gazetesi<\/strong>\u2019\u2019 alt ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haftal\u0131k bir gazete olarak \u0130van Naydenov redakt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve ilk say\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fu deklarasyonda bulunmu\u015ftur:\u00a0<em>\u201c<strong>Yeni gazetemizde yeni programa gerek yok! Ayn\u0131 tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131kla ve halk i\u00e7in \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan sorunlar\u0131 burada da yans\u0131taca\u011f\u0131z<\/strong>.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Naydenov\u2019un\u00a0Eksarhl\u0131k\u00a0ile organik ba\u011f i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7evrelerce Bulgar Eksarhl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n resmi yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olarak kabul edilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 27 Temmuz 1874\u2019te bir makale y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yay\u0131n\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur. Makalede, yazar\u00a0Svetoslav Milarov, kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c<strong><em>\u0130stanbul\u2019un D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>\u201d adl\u0131 bir dramada Fatih Sultan Mehmet ejderhaolarak nitelendirilmi\u015fti. Galeyana gelen halk taraf\u0131ndan matbaas\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc ve redakt\u00f6r \u0130van Naydenov 17 g\u00fcn hapiste kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle 1876\u2019dan sonra daha muhalif ve sert bir tutum tak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayaklanmalar i\u00e7in yerel a\u011fa ve pa\u015falar\u0131n da su\u00e7u ve sorumluluklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bulgar gen\u00e7lerin de askere al\u0131nmalar\u0131 kampanyas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131nca Bab\u0131\u00e2li taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131n\u0131 ikinci kez durduruldu, 12 Haziran 1877\u2019de Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n il\u00e2n\u0131ndan iki ay sonra ise tamamen kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pravo\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Hak)<\/em>28x40cm<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2600260669\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201c<strong><em>Halk\u00e7\u0131, Politika ve Edebiyat Haberleri Gazetesi<\/em><\/strong>\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, Kuru\u00e7e\u015fme Y\u00fcksek Yunan Okulu\u2019nu tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6\u011fretmenlik ve bir\u00e7ok yerde gazetecilik yapan \u0130van Naydenov\u00a0<em>(1834\u20131910)<\/em>redakt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 4 Mart 1869\u2019dan, 20 Aral\u0131k 1873\u2019e kadar yay\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Naydenov, Bulgar Eksarhl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fundan sonra kurumu Bab\u0131\u00e2li\u2019de \u201c<strong>Kap\u0131 K\u00e2hyas\u0131<\/strong>\u201d olarak temsil eder. Gazete misyonunu \u015f\u00f6yle deklare etmi\u015ftir: \u201c<strong><em>Bulgar Halk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na ve cemaatin toplumsal yarar\u0131na ve ilerlemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Pravo\u2019nun g\u00fcndeminden hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmedi\u011fi ilk husus; Fener Rum Patrikhanesi ile olan sorunlar ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 idealidir. Bulgar Eksarhl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra\u00a0<em>(1870)<\/em>\u00a0da Eksarhl\u0131\u011f\u0131n organizasyonu ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. Zamanla bu gazete, Patrikhane kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutucu \u00fcst d\u00fczey ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131n organ\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ekonomik konulara ise pek de\u011finmemi\u015ftir<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar Dili\u2019ne \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem vermekte ve halk aras\u0131nda pek dikkate al\u0131nmayan yaz\u0131m kurallar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lamaya gayret sarf etmektedir. Devrimci eylemleri destekleyen B\u00fckre\u015f\u2019teki Bulgarca gazeteleri ise \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirmektedir. Bulgarlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Patrikhane kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n sadece kilise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na odaklanmas\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n isyan haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na odaklanmas\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015fmaya nedendi. Bunun en somut \u00f6rne\u011fini bu gazetede g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Pravo Gazetesi; Sultan\u0131n \u015fefkatini minnetle kar\u015f\u0131layan ve Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel otonomiden ve kilise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6te talepleri olmayan kesimin sempati duydu\u011fu ve okudu\u011fu bir gazetedir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2323559314\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1000 civar\u0131nda abonesi vard\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 da gayet iyi organize edilmi\u015fti. D\u00f6nemin sivrilen de\u011feri olan kilise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ayr\u0131\u015fma yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 sonucunda d\u00f6nemin genel\u00a0<em>(Bulgar)<\/em>\u00a0ideas\u0131na ayak uyduramam\u0131\u015f ve 20 Aral\u0131k 1873\u2019te kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 Bulgar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketinin \u00f6nder ismi Hristo Botev i\u00e7in bir makalesinde \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fu ifadeden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ok tepki alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201c<strong><em>Bu adam (Botev) Ramazan\u2019da T\u00fcrk k\u00f6y\u00fcnde oru\u00e7 tutar, Bulgar k\u00f6y\u00fcne gider orada da domuz eti yer.<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131vetnik\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Rehber)<\/em>28x40cm<\/p>\n<p>25 Mart 1863\u2019de yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. S\u0131vetnik Gazetesi\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n daha \u00f6nceden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1862\u2019de Kiro Hac\u0131petrov ad\u0131na al\u0131nan izinden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn B\u0131lgariya Gazetesi\u2019nin yay\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131 ise ilgin\u00e7 bir rastlant\u0131d\u0131r, \u0130stanbul Gazetesi de 3 ay \u00f6nce yay\u0131n\u0131na son vermi\u015ftir. Alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c<strong>Bulgar Halk Gazetesi<\/strong>\u201d olan S\u0131vetnik, haftal\u0131k ve b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutta 4 sayfa olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplam 41 say\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve son say\u0131s\u0131 9 Ocak 1865\u2019te yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda, S\u0131vetnik\u2019in Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019nden ayr\u0131larak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise kurmak m\u00fccadelesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u0130stanbul Bulgar Cemaati\u2019nin ay\u0131n organ\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Cemaatin ileri gelenlerinde olu\u015fan (<em>\u00c7orbac\u0131lar)<\/em>Karaminkov, Slavovi\u00e7, M.Pa\u015fov ve Stefanov\u2019dan olu\u015fan bir kurul taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekteydi. Bu kurul redakt\u00f6rl\u00fck g\u00f6revini ilk olarak Atina ve Moskova\u2019da felsefe okuyan Nikola Mihaylovski\u2019ye verdi. Daha sonra gazetenin ba\u015f\u0131na Todor Burmov ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n<p>Gazete; \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan ka\u00e7\u0131nan bir program izleyece\u011fini deklare etmekte ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktayd\u0131. \u201c<strong><em>Sultan\u0131n yasal tebaas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyilikleri Bulgaristan\u2019da anlatmak ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak<\/em><\/strong><em>.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>gibi bir amac\u0131 vard\u0131. Gazetenin ama\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda; kilise ger\u00e7ekleri, gen\u00e7lerin e\u011fitim yoluyla yeti\u015fmeleri, ekonomide sa\u011flam ve pratik bilgilerin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sanat, tar\u0131m, ticaret konular\u0131nda okurlar\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 da bulunur. D\u0131\u015f politika haberlerine gelince, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyenlere yer verilmiyordu. Bu makalemizdeki farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerdeki gazetelerde \u015fu ortak nokta g\u00f6zlemlenebilir. Fener Rum Patrikhanesi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise i\u00e7in faaliyet g\u00f6sterip, Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 isyan amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen cemaat mensuplar\u0131 ve bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteki gazeteler; ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise i\u00e7in sonucu ancak Sultan\u2019\u0131n sa\u011flayabilece\u011fine inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ve Sultan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131lar. Bu da \u00f6rne\u011fin, Hristo Botev gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve isyan haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olanlarla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na neden olmaktayd\u0131. Katolik ve Protestan misyonerlerinin ise Patrikhane kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Bulgarlar\u0131 kendi mezheplerine ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in bir yandan faaliyette olduklar\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa ortada ka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ya da fraksiyon oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2288956031\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Tsarigrad\u00a0<\/strong><em>(\u0130stanbul)<\/em>28x40cm<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u00a0<em>(1877\u20131878)<\/em>\u00a0y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Bulgarca \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flayan ve haklar\u0131nda pek bilgiye sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iki s\u00fcreli yay\u0131ndan biri olan \u201c<strong>Tsarigrad<\/strong>\u201d\u0131n redakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve sahibi bir \u00f6\u011fretmen olan ve daha \u00f6nce \u201c<strong>\u0130zto\u00e7no Vreme<\/strong>\u201dde yaz\u0131lar yazan Vladimir Ma\u00e7ukovski\u2019dir.\u00a0 Bu gazetenin haber a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir gazete olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve haftada 3 defa \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deklare edilmi\u015fti. Fakat genelde yabanc\u0131 gazetelerden al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 dolduran \u201c<strong>Tsarigrad<\/strong>\u201d 24.say\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra durdurulmu\u015ftur. Bu gazeteyi, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi \u0130stanbul\u2019da bas\u0131lan Bulgarca gazetelerin en \u00f6nemlisi konumundaki\u00a0 \u201c<strong>Tsarigradski Vestnik<\/strong>\u201d ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tsarigradski Vestnik<\/strong><em>(\u0130stanbul Gazetesi)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tsarigradski Vestnik i\u00e7in Bulgar kaynaklar\u0131nda \u201c<strong><em>Bulgar gazetecilik tarihindeki \u00f6nemli bir olayd\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d nitelemesi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu gazetenin kurucusu ve ilk redakt\u00f6r\u00fc \u0130van Bogorov\u2019dur ama asl\u0131nda Bulgar Kilisesi\u2019nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131, Rum Patrikhanesi ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen \u201cKilise Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fccadelesi\u201dnin sesidir denir. Finansman\u0131 zaten kilise taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve Fener\u2019deki\u00a0Demir Kilise\u2019nin hemen kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan \u201c<strong>Metoh<\/strong>\u201d binas\u0131n\u0131n alt kat\u0131nda faaliyete ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve sonuna kadar da bu kilise m\u00fclk\u00fcnde faaliyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu matbaan\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 halen Metoh binas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Fakat yol asfalt\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok defa \u00fcst \u00fcste at\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kap\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131k kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve i\u00e7eriye girilememektedir. Yoldan e\u011filerek bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda matbaan\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 \u00f6nemsiz duraklamalarla 01 Ocak 1848\u2019den 24 Aral\u0131k 1862\u2019ye kadar yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve o tarihler i\u00e7in bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r. Genelde 28&#215;40 ebatlar\u0131nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu gazete, s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini yazmad\u0131k.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3724143598\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>(Y.N. Bu gazetenin Bulgar ar\u015fivlerinde bulunan\/bulunmu\u015f t\u00fcm n\u00fcshalar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerindeki diyalar\u0131, \u015fahsi ar\u015fivimde bulunmaktad\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Turtsiya\u00a0<\/strong><em>(T\u00fcrkiye)<\/em>28x40cm<\/p>\n<p>Bebek Frans\u0131z Koleji mezunu ve \u201c<strong>Bulgar Bas\u0131n\u0131 Sans\u00fcr Komitesi<\/strong>\u201dnde uzun s\u00fcre g\u00f6rev yapan bir Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fcrokrat\u0131 olan Nikola Genovi\u00e7\u2019in\u00a0<em>(1835\u20131912)<\/em>\u00a0edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ve \u201c<strong><em>Bulgar \u00c7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6zeten Gazete<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d\u00a0<\/em>alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak 25 Temmuz 1864\u2019te yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu gazete, Resmi Osmanl\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131 yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a di\u011fer Bulgar gazeteleriyle polemi\u011fe girmekteydi. \u00d6zellikle Gayda ve Makedoniya gazetelerine her f\u0131rsatta sald\u0131rmakta, devrimden yana olan yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmekte ve okurlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Bulgar \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 kollayan de\u011fil, do\u011frudan Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n resmi yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ekte bu gazetenin Petko Slaveykov taraf\u0131ndan tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerekli iznin onun ad\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Ancak Gayda edit\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn maddi haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0<em>\u2018\u2019<strong>Bulgarlar aras\u0131nda ilk ve son Turcofil\u2019\u2019<\/strong><\/em>olarak tan\u0131mlanan Nikola Na\u00e7ovi\u00e7 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gayda durdurulunca 6 ay kadar redakt\u00f6rl\u00fck g\u00f6revini Slaveykov, daha sonra Todor \u0130konomov \u00fcstlendi.\u00a0 Bulgar devriminin ya da haz\u0131rlanmakta olan Bulgar \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n fikirlerini d\u0131\u015flayarak \u015fu fikri savunmaktayd\u0131: \u201c<strong><em>Ayn\u0131 baban\u0131n, yani \u201cSultan\u201d\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131y\u0131z ve aram\u0131zdaki karde\u015fli\u011fi ve birlikte ya\u015famay\u0131 \u00f6neriyoruz.<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-1318962733\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-55-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Patrikhane\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Bulgar Kilisesi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmakta, Bulgar e\u011fitimi ve ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131na sayfalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli yer ay\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. Mithat Pa\u015fan\u0131n karma okullar tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da ba\u015flarda destekliyordu. Konservatif bir liberalizmden yana idi ve ekonomi, Bulgar sanayi ve ticaretin geli\u015fmesini de istemekteydi.<\/p>\n<p>Hristo Botev bu gazete i\u00e7in \u201c<strong><em>Pa\u00e7avra ve bir ispiyon ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131n organ\u0131<\/em>.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0nitelemesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Redakt\u00f6r Nikola Genovi\u00e7 ise \u201c<strong>Turtsiya<\/strong>\u201dn\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet gazetesi oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddialar\u0131 kesinlikle reddederek, sadece posta vergisi \u00f6dememe ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fti. Ancak ileride s\u00fcrekli kendisini ve gazetesini savunma gere\u011fi duyan Nikola Na\u00e7ovi\u00e7\u2019in Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan say\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na 1000 kuru\u015f destek ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tland\u0131. Bir ba\u015fka paragrafta da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Bir yandan Fener Rum Patrikhanesi ile m\u00fccadele ve Patrikhane\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise yanl\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6te yandan ise Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ve Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Bulgaristan idealinde olanlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcregelmekteydi. Patrikhane\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise yanda\u015flar\u0131, bunun ancak Sultan\u2019\u0131n iradesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteydiler ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda beklentileri yoktu. 1873\u2019te bu gazetenin misyonunun tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek yay\u0131n\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vek\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Y\u00fczy\u0131l)<\/em>Daha sonra\u00a0<strong>XIX Vek\u00a0<\/strong><em>(19.Y\u00fczy\u0131l)<\/em>\u00a028x40cm<\/p>\n<p>12 Ocak 1874\u2019te Marko Balabanov\u00a0<em>(1837\u20131921)<\/em>\u00a0ve Hristo Stoyanov\u2019un redakt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flarken gazetede \u015fu ifadeler yer ald\u0131:\u00a0<em>\u2018<strong>\u2019Bu gazete ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir politika gazetesi olacak ve her zaman toplumumuzda var olan fikirleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yans\u0131tacakt\u0131r<\/strong>.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>\u0130lk aylar\u0131nda, bir yandan Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n kilise konular\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan, \u00f6te yandan Patrikhane ile olan ihtilaflardan yararlanarak Bulgar Cemaati mensuplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131lan misyoner faaliyetlerine\u00a0<em>(Katolikle\u015ftirme ve Protestanla\u015ft\u0131rma)\u00a0<\/em>de kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan bir tutum sergilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu gazetenin yaz\u0131lar\u0131 genel olarak Bulgar milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini y\u00fckseltmeye\/a\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, 1875\u2019teki \u201c<strong>Hersek Ayaklanmas\u0131<\/strong>\u201dn\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede radikalle\u015ferek devam ettirmi\u015ftir.Bulgarlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131ayaklanma seslerinin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde s\u0131k s\u0131k Eksarhl\u0131\u011f\u0131n T\u0131rnova\u2019ya ya da ba\u015fka bir Bulgar \u015fehrine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ve Bulgar Halk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00e7ekti\u011fi eziyetleri hakk\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131lar bu gazetede yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2719741950\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-60-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bir yandan Bulgarlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve e\u011fitim sorunlar\u0131na yer verirken \u00f6te yandan Bat\u0131 Edebiyat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerine de yer ay\u0131rarak cemaat aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fclt\u00fcr d\u00fczeyinin artmas\u0131n\u0131 da hedeflemi\u015ftir. Sayfalar\u0131nda, Chateaubriand, Lamartine, Moliere, Sand\u00a0 gibi yazarlar\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn iken, Atanas Uzunov, Mihaylovski, Rayko Jinzifov, gibi Bulgar yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131na ve \u015fiirlerine de geni\u015f yer ayr\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Vek Gazetesi\u2019nde, Osmanl\u0131 m\u00fcesseselerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ok say\u0131da Rumlar gibi Bulgar memurlar\u0131n da al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131\/\u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in de yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131lmakta, Bulgarlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu yerlerde ise resmi ibadet dili olan Yunanca yerine Bulgarcan\u0131n kabul edilmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6neriler yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Ancak gazete bir yandan da Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sergileyerek \u00e7eli\u015fki yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar halk\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik durumu ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lar nedeniyle, 10 Ocak 1876\u2019da yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 durduruldu.\u00a0 Hemen ad\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve yeni bir yay\u0131n izni al\u0131narak, \u201cXIX. Vek\u201d\u00a0<em>(19.Y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/em>) olarak\u00a0<em>(7 \u015eubat 1876)\u00a0<\/em>tekrar yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Fakat bu kez yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftirel dozunu y\u00fckseltti ve gazetede Bulgarlar\u0131n \u201c<strong>Nisan Ayaklanmas\u0131<\/strong>\u201dna yanl\u0131 ve yanda\u015f olan yaz\u0131lar \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine, 8 May\u0131s 1876\u2019da bas\u0131lmas\u0131 tamamen yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vremya\u00a0<\/strong><em>(Zaman)\u00a0<\/em>28x40cm<\/p>\n<p>Misyonu; kilise sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesinde katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik olarak lanse edildi. 7 A\u011fustos 1865\u2019te yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flarken ilk amac\u0131n\u0131, \u201c<strong>Bulgar Ortodoks Kilisesi\u2019ni her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131 ve bask\u0131dan korumak\/kurtarmak<\/strong>.\u201d \u015feklinde deklare ederek ve hi\u00e7bir partinin organ\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da vurgulayarak, Todor Burmov redakt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde haftal\u0131k olarak yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2885347031\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-65-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politik haberleri yorum katmadan tarafs\u0131z bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla aktaraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ilk say\u0131s\u0131nda deklare eden Vremya Gazetesi, kilise konusunda da deklare etti\u011fi bu \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7izgisine tamam\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131 Fener Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019yle ili\u015fkilerin kopar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yana olmayan, hatta bu kurumla birliktelik i\u00e7inde olunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neren yaz\u0131lara da s\u00fcrekli yer verdi. Buna ra\u011fmen Rum Patrikhanesi\u2019ni baz\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ele\u015ftirdi. Genel olarak sab\u0131r ve kilise sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesini itidal ile beklemek gerekti\u011finden yana bir yay\u0131n politikas\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Vremya Gazetesi, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Bulgar Kilisesi\u2019ne sahip olunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ya da buna tepki olarak Katolikli\u011fe y\u00f6nelen Bulgarlar i\u00e7in ise sert ve sivri bir dil kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evrimci ve ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 bir gazete \u00f6rne\u011fi sergilemekte, sayfalar\u0131nda halk e\u011fitimi ile okullar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mithat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n karma T\u00fcrk-Bulgar okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 tasar\u0131s\u0131na ise kararl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde kar\u015f\u0131 gelmi\u015ftir. Bu plan\u0131, Bulgar \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirerek ele\u015ftirmi\u015f ve reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya itaatk\u00e2r bir tutum i\u00e7inde olmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermesi; o d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Bulgar milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kilisenin Patrikhane\u2019den ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Bulgaristan ideali gibi fikirler i\u00e7indeki Bulgarlarca sempati ile kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f, 43 ayr\u0131 noktaya ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamakta zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 1867\u2019de yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na son vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-oBhdNPSUXVI\/UIU6zLCXjrI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/jRewofdqOE8\/s1600\/B%C4%B1lgariya1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-obeX7PrGUdQ\/UIU7F-STLnI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/mNbX9V46QYM\/s1600\/%C3%87itali%C5%9Fte1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-FxSRH7_qXrc\/UIU7DAYJubI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/WS1fpG0IClA\/s1600\/gayda1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-B4BHQZb92kM\/UIU7H3VDjWI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/bCtpcCCWhps\/s1600\/%C4%B0zto%C3%A7no%2BVreme1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-z2Lkfik-pFg\/UIU60w9fEkI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/sswwL_Lfw44\/s1600\/Mekodonia1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-OKaLL3Ofiwo\/UIU620oWpiI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/ABFoLlEt_EY\/s1600\/Napred%C4%B1k1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-TBLBupzGZy0\/UIU65Eek3iI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/cSK8ViNixkM\/s1600\/S%C4%B1vetnik1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-L1Bf60dCQnA\/UIU691mXeYI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/C9zoXAkKwa0\/s1600\/Turtsiya1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-vZF_XpSYy-A\/UIU6_2KBu9I\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/gf5uBcCouow\/s1600\/Vek1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-sGqvK0ERTf8\/UIU7BhjCeTI\/AAAAAAAAFwQ\/qIvs5agWS0g\/s1600\/Vremya1.jpg?w=640\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3735803938\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bojidar\u00a0\u00c7ipof&#8217;un bu makalesi, 1789 Frans\u0131z \u0130htil\u00e2li\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 saran milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131m\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131 da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemi\u015f ve bu etkilenme \u015f\u00fcphesiz en fazla Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":6866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/bojdar-cipof.jpg?fit=300%2C322&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-7lG","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28252"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28252\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}