{"id":28242,"date":"2018-03-12T01:00:43","date_gmt":"2018-03-11T22:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=28242"},"modified":"2018-03-12T07:48:17","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T04:48:17","slug":"kirilmalarin-sayisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/kirilmalarin-sayisi\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n Say\u0131s\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Elif G\u00dcNDE\u015e<\/p>\n<p>Tarih: 08 Mart 2018<\/p>\n<p>Konu:\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>Diplomatlar bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011freniyorlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>9 ki\u015filik heyetimiz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme masas\u0131n\u0131n bir taraf\u0131na s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131. Olaya bir psikolog g\u00f6z\u00fcyle tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmek niyetiyle uca oturdum. Kar\u015f\u0131mda yerini alan B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7imiz Hasan Ulusoy\u2019u Sofya\u2019ya gelmezden \u00f6nce okudu\u011fum \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015finden tan\u0131d\u0131m. \u0130stanbul Siyasal\u2019da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi y\u0131llar ile Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesindeki \u201cKimlik Analizi\u201d doktora u\u011fra\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131 onu bana yak\u0131n k\u0131ld\u0131. T.C. Nijer B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011finden sonra, \u00c7ok Tarafl\u0131 Siyasi \u0130\u015fler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00f6revinden Sofya\u2019ya atanmas\u0131 ise \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7ti. Hocalar\u0131mdan biri \u201cinsan dinlenirken olgunla\u015f\u0131r\u201d demi\u015fti. Ben de unutamad\u0131m. Nedense birden bire akl\u0131ma geldi.<\/p>\n<p>Hafif ve yorgun bir sesle ba\u015flay\u0131nca, \u00a0acaba Say\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7imiz 3, 5 ve 7 gibi rakamlar\u0131 kullanacak m\u0131 ve ka\u00e7 defa diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm ve bekledim. \u00dc\u00e7 demeden, hi\u00e7bir kimsenin Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 anlatamayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordum. Bu, tarih boyu 3 denize \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen ama son neslin ad\u0131n\u0131 bilmedi\u011fi bu denizlerle ilgili de\u011fildir. Bulgarlar bu topraklarda \u00e7ok t\u00f6kezlemi\u015f, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f da, 3 defa da dirilebilen bir halkt\u0131r. 681\u2019de \u015fekillenen, 333 sene ya\u015fayan birinci Bulgar devletleri, Pliska, Preslav ve Ohri gibi 3 ba\u015fkent kurar. Proto-Bulgar, orta Yunan ve eski Bulgar dillerini konu\u015fur. Bug\u00fcn konu\u015fulan Bulgar dili, bu \u00fc\u00e7 dilden Fars\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Rus\u00e7an\u0131n etkisiyle zenginle\u015ferek s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcrken, halen kap\u0131 ve penceresini \u0130ngiliz de\u011fim ve kavramlar\u0131na sonuna kadar a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Bulgarlar devlete g\u00f6t\u00fcren yolu hanlarla y\u00fcr\u00fcrken,<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2617018795\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Prens I. Boris\u2019i ilk devletin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7irmi\u015f,<\/p>\n<p>ard\u0131ndan I. Simeon, Samuil ve<\/p>\n<p>II. Perisiyan gibi 3 \u00c7ar taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bizans, Osmanl\u0131 ve modern \u00e7a\u011f gibi \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6neme s\u0131\u011fan, Bulgar devlet tarihinde belirleyici olan, y\u0131k\u0131lma, \u00e7\u00f6kme ve dirilmenin derin izleri\u00a0 ve getirdi\u011fi ruhsal k\u0131r\u0131lmalar vard\u0131r. 13 as\u0131r geri giden Bulgar ge\u00e7mi\u015finde, \u201c<strong>olaca\u011f\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f da olmu\u015f<\/strong>\u201d gibi \u00e7aresizlikte bekleyi\u015f, \u00a0bo\u015flukta belirleyici olan hep g\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fup bataca\u011f\u0131 ve so\u011fuk r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n da kuzeyden esece\u011fi inanc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumda, babam\u0131n Filibe an\u0131lar\u0131ndan, Bulgar kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n 3 ayakl\u0131 (sa\u00e7 aya\u011f\u0131) sandalyeye oturdu\u011funu ve Tanr\u0131, Baba ve O\u011ful olmak \u00fczere, \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bire inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordum. Buraya geldi\u011fimde daha ilk g\u00fcn ilk lokantaya oturdu\u011fumda elime ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m ilk yemek listesinde\u00a0 <em><strong>\u201ctroyka k\u00fcftetan\u201d<\/strong><\/em> ve <em><strong>\u201ctroyka kebap\u00e7eta\u201d<\/strong><\/em> s\u00f6zleri dikkatimi \u00e7ekti, \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6fte ve \u00fc\u00e7 kebap bu \u00fclkede liste ba\u015f\u0131 yemekti.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u0130kinci Bular \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1187\u2019den 1396\u2019da<\/strong><\/em> Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fine ge\u00e7ene kadar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4236854591\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em><strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Bulgar \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da 1908\u2019de<\/strong><\/em> ilan edilmi\u015f ve Prens Aleksand\u0131r Batenberg; \u00c7ar I. Ferdinand ve \u00c7ar III. Boris taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Bulgar \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/strong> <\/em>Prenslik-\u00c7arl\u0131k ile sosyalist totaliter ve s\u00f6zde demokrasi d\u00f6nemi olma \u00fczere, \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 bir d\u00fczendir.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgarlar k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin 5 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci yerde \u015fak\u0131yan 5 rakam\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6neminin s\u0131rr\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019a 6 y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 otel olmamas\u0131nda gizli de\u011fildir. Bu rakam her \u015feyden \u00f6nce gencecik \u00fclkenin ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l 5 defa sava\u015fa girdi\u011fini anlat\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1901996052\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Birinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmeyi hedefleyerek 1912\u2019de ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131nda yenildi. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131lan Bulgaristan yine yenilenler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc-1918\u2019de Dobruca\u2019da Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 silah ku\u015fand\u0131. Bresk-Litovsk Antla\u015fmas\u0131nda taraf oldu.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc-1919\u2019da Versay Anla\u015fmas\u0131nda tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck yenilgisini kabul etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Be\u015finci-\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda da yenilenler s\u0131ras\u0131na dizildi. Bulgaristan girdi\u011fi \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalarda hep yenen olurken ve hi\u00e7bir cephede band\u0131ral\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmana kapt\u0131rmazken, b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015flardan yenik \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2878773246\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu ruh hali onlara Almanlardan ge\u00e7mi\u015f olabilir. Yenilgiye doymamak ki\u015fisel meziyetse, halklar i\u00e7inde s\u00f6ylenebilir mi bilemiyorum!<\/p>\n<p>5 rakam\u0131 Bulgaristan halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 felaketlerde tekrar eder.<\/p>\n<p>Birinci milli felaketini 1918 sava\u015f yenilgisiyle, Asker Ayaklanmas\u0131 ve I. Ferdinand\u2019\u0131n tac\u0131n\u0131 o\u011fluna giydirip, bir daha geri d\u00f6nmemek \u00fczere \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6zlenirken, 1919\u2019da sava\u015f yenilgisini kabul ederek kamburlu felaket ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonu da Bulgaristan i\u00e7in bir felaket olurken, 1985\u2019te \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin etnik kimli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye kalkan Bulgar devleti 1988\u2019de paras\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f ve iflas bayra\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya bunal\u0131m\u0131 girdab\u0131na giren Bulgaristan 18 y\u0131ldan beri Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en yoksul, en fakir, n\u00fcfusun yar\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkeye ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bir batakl\u0131k durumuna d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve bu durumdan bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l Bulgar tarihinde 5 rakam\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ayaklanmalarla da ilintilidir. Bulgarlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemini anlatan en derin kitaplar\u0131 Rumeli kap\u0131s\u0131 Vidin ve Pazvanto\u011flu ayaklanmalar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 Ni\u011fbolu, (Nikopol), Rus\u00e7uk (Ruse), Zi\u015ftovi\u00a0 (Svi\u015ftov) ve Varna gibi \u015fehirlerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015f ve tarihte ilk kez olmak \u00fczere, T\u00fcrk\u00fcn T\u00fcrke kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmas\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini verirken, Bulgarlara ibret dersleri vermi\u015f ve bunlar son Bulgar devletinde yerli ahalinin Osmanl\u0131 merkezinden kopar\u0131lmas\u0131nda uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2044448260\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>O y\u0131llar\u0131n 1795 B\u00fcy\u00fck Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019ne ve ard\u0131ndan General Napolyon\u2019un M\u0131s\u0131r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na rastlamas\u0131 Bulgarlar\u0131n m\u0131ll\u0131 uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131na da pencere a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin Bulgar \u015fehirlerinde de 5 ayaklanma olmu\u015f ve Ni\u015f ve Belgrat isyanlar\u0131 kan d\u00f6k\u00fclerek bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>19.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 idaresine kar\u015f\u0131 Bulgar ayaklanmalar\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan isyanlar olarak k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler, Hristo Botev, Panpyot Hitov, Stefan Karaca, Hac\u0131 Dimit\u0131r ve Filip Totyo \u00e7etelerine para ak\u0131t\u0131rken, Eski Zara (Stara Zagora), \u00c7\u0131rpan, Panag\u00fcri\u015fte, Klisura ve Kopriv\u015ftitsa gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bayra\u011f\u0131 sallayan ayaklanmalar da kanl\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Be\u015fli \u00f6rg\u00fctlenip be\u015fli patlayan bu olaylar \u0130ngiliz ve Rus k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>20.y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk \u00f6nce 1818 bir asker ayaklanmas\u0131 patlak verdi. 6 bin asker monar\u015fi devrilip cumhuriyet kurmak istedi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kincisi, 1923\u2019teki i\u015f\u00e7i ayaklanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i k\u00f6yl\u00fc devleti i\u00e7in kan d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3396740151\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ayaklanma ise partizan ayaklanmas\u0131d\u0131r. 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1944 tarihinde \u00c7ar monar\u015fisini ve dikta rejimini devirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>1972\u2019de isim, din ve kimlik de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye kar\u015f\u0131 patlak veren M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Pomak Ayaklanmas\u0131 Karasu (Mesta) k\u00f6ylerinde aylarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKornitsa\u201d k\u00f6y\u00fcnde minareye Ay Y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 bayrak dikildi. Kornitsa Pomak-T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti ilan edildi. \u00c7ok feci bi\u00e7imde bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n May\u0131s ay\u0131nda Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri isimleri ve din haklar\u0131n\u0131, hak ve \u00f6zerkliklerini, <em>\u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel otonomi\u201d<\/em> ayakland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu asl\u0131nda 1984 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flayan T\u00fcrklerin kimlik m\u00fccadelesinin bir doru\u011fuydu. Bu ayaklanma\u2019da 34 \u015fehit veren yerli T\u00fcrklerden binlerce ki\u015fi toplama kamplar\u0131na, <strong><em>\u201cBelene\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>\u00f6l\u00fcm kamp\u0131na ve hapishanelere t\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3116957560\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ayaklanmaya 72 bin direni\u015f\u00e7i kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu, 20 as\u0131r Bulgaristan ayaklanmalar\u0131ndan en b\u00fcy\u00fc oldu. Bulgaristan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ve T\u00fcrk katili Todor Jivkov iktidar\u0131n\u0131 10 Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da devirdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>20. as\u0131rda Bulgaristan ayaklanmalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda siyasi nitelikli, kesin hedefli ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir direni\u015f olan bu T\u00fcrk isyan\u0131, ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli olay\u0131 olarak da devaml\u0131 g\u00fcndemdedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yine ge\u00e7en as\u0131rda Pomaklar isim, din, dil, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isteyen Bulgar devletinin bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 5 defa geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>1913\u2019te 250 bin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n isimleri ve dinleri de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011finde, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Sofya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011finde Askeri Ate\u015fe olan Mustafa Kemal kendilerine yard\u0131m etmi\u015f ve din ve dil haklar\u0131yla birlikte T\u00fcrk kimliklerini geri alabilmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Soruna siyasi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmu\u015f, Pomaklar Radoslavov\u2019un sol liberal iktidar\u0131na mecliste destek vermi\u015flerdi. Bu konuda asla tekin durmayan ve <strong><em>\u201c\u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Bulgarlar\u201d<\/em><\/strong> form\u00fcl\u00fc icat ederek 1934 ve 1942\u2019de de kimlik de\u011fi\u015ftirme bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetlendiren monar\u015fi idaresi 1944\u2019te devrilince, su\u00e7lulardan birka\u00e7\u0131na idam cezas\u0131 verilmi\u015fti. 1964\u2019teki 4. sald\u0131r\u0131 Orta Rodoplardaki Avramovo k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc basanlar\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesiyle elde edildi. O zaman da T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti sert ihtarda bulunmu\u015ftu. 1972 Korn\u0131tsa k\u00f6y\u00fc yenilgisinin zaferi 1989\u2019un 29 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc kutland\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131klar o tarihte isim ve din haklar\u0131n\u0131 geri ald\u0131lar.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2921967409\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Biz Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menleri i\u00e7in 5 rakam\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka anlam\u0131 da, \u00a0Bulgar devletinin tek dilli ve tek dinli devlet kurma \u00e7abalar\u0131nda, isimleri ve dinleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilen etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda 5. s\u0131rada olmam\u0131zla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nce Pomaklara yap\u0131lan 1913 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra, 1936\u2019da Ulahlar\u0131n, 1950\u2019lerde Makedonlar\u0131n, 1964\u2019te \u00c7ingenelerin ve 1972\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Pomak karde\u015flerimizin \u00e7ok sert bask\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra 1984 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrklere \u00e7ullan\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile de ilintilidir. Bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6yde karde\u015flerimiz tank paletleri alt\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcler. Etnik kimli\u011fi eritilerek asimile olmay\u0131 kabul etmeyen ve mukavemet g\u00f6steren az\u0131nl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda en \u015fiddetli tepki veren T\u00fcrklerle \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir sald\u0131r\u0131 selinde Bulgar devletinin 15 y\u0131l T\u00fcrklerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, olay\u0131n ciddiline kan\u0131tt\u0131r. Bu sert kavgada T\u00fcrkiye ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman D\u00fcnya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ilerici insanl\u0131k Bulgaristan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131ndan yana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgaristan\u2019da az\u0131nl\u0131k kimliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar bu g\u00fcnde sadece \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olup ayn\u0131 sertlikle devam etmektedir. Bulgaristan&#8217;daki t\u00fcm az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ana dillerinde e\u011fitim almas\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yasal ve yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131lar her g\u00fcn yeni ad\u0131mlar atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgarlar\u0131n \u00f6z tarihlerinde 7 rakam\u0131 da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Bu rakam\u0131 a\u00e7an \u00f6rnekleri g\u00f6rmek isterken, Bulgar ge\u00e7mi\u015fine ele\u015ftirel psikoloji deli\u011finden bakmal\u0131y\u0131z. Kaderde i\u015faretlenmi\u015f tarihlerde 7 defa karde\u015f katliam\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fisel ve toplumsal kimlik kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131z. Akraba kan\u0131 ak\u0131tman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funa inanmasalar da, s\u00f6nmez ac\u0131lar ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde t\u00f6vbe yoktur. Bir ar\u0131nma bi\u00e7imi olan Af Dileme etki derinli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fken bir gelenek olarak dini rit\u00fcel d\u00fczeyinde kalm\u0131\u015f ve dua ayinleri d\u00fcnyadan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gidenlerle ilgilidir. Kanl\u0131 olaylar. Bulgar ruhunda b\u00fcy\u00fck incinmeleri ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Bunlara 7 adet hem b\u00fcy\u00fck, hem de derin ruhsal sars\u0131nt\u0131, dram ve trajedi de diyebiliriz. Bu ruhun psikolojik k\u0131r\u0131lmalar tablosunu \u00e7izen f\u0131r\u00e7a 7 rakam\u0131n\u0131n renklerini \u00e7\u00f6zememi\u015ftir. Bunlara sosyal organizman\u0131n ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi uzun s\u00fcreli psi\u015fik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 da denebilir. <strong><em>Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler i\u00e7inde bilin\u00e7li ya da fark\u0131na varmadan ama toplumun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, bireyin ve toplulu\u011fun bellek k\u00f6klerindeki derin izleri kolayca g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/em> <\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-650920880\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bunlar genellikle toplumca kabul edilmeyen, yeni olan bir olay\u0131n, \u00a0yeni olan bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar hep, zaman\u0131n\u0131 dolduran\u0131n yerine gelen bir fenomenin, yeni olan bir toplumsal d\u00fczenin hen\u00fcz t\u00fcm kurallar\u0131 ve ilkeleriyle kabul edilmedi\u011fi durumlarda ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Geleneksel etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ya\u015fam\u0131n zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi tasavvurlar\u0131m\u0131za kendi g\u00fc\u00e7lerimizle d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z devirlerde olur b\u00f6yle olaylar. \u00c7aresizlik devirlerinde ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n etkisi s\u00f6nmez. Ortak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bir yandan ortak bilin\u00e7 alt\u0131na yerle\u015firken, ruh i\u00e7in belirleyici olurken, kolektif travma olarak s\u00fcrekli ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 talep eder. Kollektif ya\u015fam, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar ve d\u00fc\u015fler \u00fczerindeki etkisi kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r,. Bulgar karakter ve tavr\u0131 \u00fczerindeki belirleyici olu\u015fu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu en iyi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin 7 y\u0131l ve 30 y\u0131l sava\u015flar\u0131, k\u00f6yl\u00fc ayaklanmalar\u0131, Birinci ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015flar\u0131 Alman kad\u0131n\u0131 hakk\u0131nda toplum yaralar\u0131n\u0131 sar\u0131p yeniden k\u00fckreme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011furand\u0131r inanc\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131rken, Bulgar psikolojik sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan, aranan diriltici g\u00fcc\u00fcn her zaman soy \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bulgar soyu Balkanlara gelmezden \u00f6nce proto Bulgarlar Slav kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan Bulgar toplumu oldu\u011fu gibi, Slav toplumu da \u00e7\u0131kabilirdi. \u00a0Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kiril Alfabesini, k\u00fclt\u00fcr tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 hep ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015f, taklit ederken be\u011fendi\u011fine <strong><em>\u201cbenim\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, be\u011fenmedi\u011fine <em><strong>\u201cyok\u201d<\/strong> <\/em>demi\u015ftir. Boyada <strong><em>\u201cebru\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zemeyince k\u00f6k boyalaryle yetinmi\u015f, mertek yontan\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bu i\u015f <strong><em>\u201cbenim\u201d<\/em><\/strong> demi\u015f, \u015ferbetin k\u0131vam\u0131n\u0131 tutturamay\u0131nca tavaya bal d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, kalayc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 be\u011fenmemi\u015f, sarma ve dolmadan sonra i\u015fkembeye bile sahip \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat karde\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00f6kerken, ki\u015fisel bellekte oldu\u011fu kadar, toplumsal incinme da ya\u015fan\u0131rken, burada ac\u0131ya sahip \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u015fka biri, onu azaltacak, toplumsal bellekteki yaraya mehlem de bulamay\u0131nca, h\u0131rs\u0131na hep yenik d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Anlatmak istedi\u011fim, baz\u0131 insan ve toplumlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 ta\u015fa defalarca tak\u0131l\u0131p d\u00fc\u015fmekten zevk almas\u0131 gibi bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kt\u0131r bu. Ad\u0131 da hayattan ders \u00e7\u0131karamay\u0131nca tekrarlayan ac\u0131larla kendini avutmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bunun ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131, g\u00f6z belle\u011fiyle ya\u015famakt\u0131r. Hani bug\u00fcn Bulgaristan\u2019da \u00c7ingene <strong><em>\u201ckurban\u0131\u201d<\/em><\/strong> olan ki\u015filere <strong><em>\u201ciyi insand\u0131\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>dedikleri gibi bir \u015fey. Sanki hayat k\u0131t\u0131r k\u0131t\u0131r yenmeye haz\u0131r berrak su \u00fczerindeki incecik buz. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, hi\u00e7 de \u00f6yle de\u011fil. Biz \u015fimdi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Bulgar karakter ve kimli\u011fini yaratan k\u0131r\u0131lmalara da yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>Birinci psi\u015fik k\u0131r\u0131lma halk\u0131n devletten so\u011fumas\u0131na ve i\u00e7ine kapanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur ki Bulgar karakter \u00e7izgilerinden biri olarak hala belirleyicili\u011fini koruyor.<\/p>\n<p>Birnci karde\u015f k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en, bir ruhsal k\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131r. \u00c7ar\u0131 I. Boris, Bizans\u2019a yenik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, ismi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, Mihail ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f, din de\u011fi\u015ftirip Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmeye zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgar tarihinde ilk kez din i\u00e7in karde\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrken, bu i\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan 52 iri toprak sahibi (boylar) ve adam ve soylar\u0131n\u0131n kelleleri kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. I.Boris halk\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 buyru\u011funa uyarak zorla din de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olarak tarihe girmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7ine kapal\u0131 toplumda tepki olarak \u00a0\u201c<strong>din severler hareketi<\/strong>\u201d (bogomillik) geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flay\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7lenirken, <em><strong>\u201csap\u0131k\u201d<\/strong><\/em> ilan edilmi\u015fler ve k\u0131y\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3726907894\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bir halk devletini reddetmesi, hi\u00e7bir otoriteye bel ba\u011flanmadan i\u00e7ine kapanmas\u0131, bu k\u0131r\u0131lman\u0131n \u00f6zel \u00e7izgilerinden biridir. Bulgar kavimindeki ilk k\u0131r\u0131lma, karde\u015fkan\u0131 ak\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan ac\u0131yla devlet ve otoritenin halk taraf\u0131ndan olumsuzlanmas\u0131nda ifade bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Oysa Bulgar tarihinde, daha 681\u2019de ilk devletin resmen kurulmas\u0131 ve Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kabul edilmesiyle ya\u015fayan trajedi, insanlar\u0131n ortak ya\u015fam\u0131nda, ruhsal derinliklerine d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 bombalar yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu eziklik inanlar i\u00e7lerine ve ailelerine kapan\u0131rken, devlete ve kurumlar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015flere g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn bile emekli olan \u015fehirli Bulgarlar\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fcne \u00e7ekilmesi, i\u00e7ine kapan\u0131p toprakla ve do\u011fayla ba\u015f ba\u015fa ya\u015famay\u0131 se\u00e7mesi o uzak devrin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bozuk psi\u015fik temellerden izler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Sofya\u2019da u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kitap\u00e7\u0131larda Bizans tarihi eserlerine pek rastlamad\u0131m. Sofya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6be\u011finde kaz\u0131 yapan arkeologlar\u0131n ele ald\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 f\u0131r\u00e7alarken ve sonra da bir annenin k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 ok\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi s\u0131vazlarken g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, sanki k\u0131r\u0131lma y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 siliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Travmalar\u0131n ikincisi 1014\u2019te \u00c7ar Samoil\u2019in <strong><em>\u201cBulgar katili\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ad\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc II. Vasiliy\u2019ye Velba\u015f Vadisi Sava\u015f\u0131nda yenilmesiyle alevlenir. <strong><em>15 bin Bulgar asker ve subay\u0131n binde birinin tek g\u00f6z\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131larak, 2 g\u00f6z\u00fc de k\u0131zg\u0131n demirle oyulmu\u015f, ard\u0131ndan birer birer Bulgar k\u00f6ylerine istiml\u00e2k edilerek halka g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/strong> Askerini k\u00f6r g\u00f6ren Samoil an\u0131da kalpten gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar halk\u0131 derin ezginlik ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve bu vah\u015fet belleklerde silinmeyen yara a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaman\u0131n baz\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lat\u0131 ar\u0131tamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 herkes bilir. Devlet y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve zul\u00fcm devri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7im el kap\u0131s\u0131 t\u0131rnaklamaya ve k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131larla yetinmeye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ki as\u0131r devletsiz kalan Bulgarlar ya\u015fama yolunu yabanc\u0131 modelleri, ba\u015fkas\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini kopyalamakta ararken yabanc\u0131 efendilerinin hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir. Bizans esareti alt\u0131nda durmadan s\u00fcren karde\u015f k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131, s\u00fcrekli hesapla\u015fmalar Bulgar <strong><em>\u201celiti\u201d<\/em><\/strong> i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erli ak\u00e7e olarak nefes almaya devam ediyor. \u0130nsan ka\u00e7\u0131rmalar, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131na el s\u00fcrmeler, k\u00f6y bo\u015faltmalar, insanlar\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fvete zorlama ve rahata b\u0131rakmama gibi zul\u00fcm bi\u00e7imlerinin bu topraklarda bin y\u0131ldan uzun \u00f6mr\u00fc vard\u0131r. O devrin bir ba\u015fka izi ise, Bulgar halk\u0131nda i\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmanla hesapla\u015fma planlar\u0131nda kimden olursa olsun herhangi bir d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ten yard\u0131m arama al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aranan askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 de olmu\u015ftur. <strong><em>\u201cKurtar\u0131c\u0131n efendin olur!\u201d<\/em><\/strong> s\u00f6z\u00fc b\u00f6yle mayalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1980503363\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-55-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><em><strong>Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015finden sonra Balkanlarda 200 y\u0131l bar\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131 Bulgarlar\u0131n ruhuna huzur kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve korkuyu yenmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk defa Osmanl\u0131 devrinde devlete adalet yolunca da y\u00fcr\u00fcnebilindi\u011fini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bulgar devletinin ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa uzan\u0131\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 devletinin himayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken ruhsal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131ndan toparlanma evrimi i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bilincine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Frans\u0131z devrimiyle ba\u015flayan milli devlet \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin devrim at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f devletlerin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131 gecikmemi\u015ftir. Ne var ki bu kanl\u0131 olaylar\u0131n sonucu hep h\u00fcsran olmu\u015ftur. D\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmana el kald\u0131racak g\u00fcc\u00fc olmay\u0131nca i\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmanla hesapla\u015f\u0131rken de hep Alman, Rus ve Amerikan ya da \u0130ngilizlere yard\u0131m eli uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1876 Nisan Ayaklanmas\u0131 \u0130ngiliz paras\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131rken, Makedonya ve Ege k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 istilas\u0131nda Yahudi ve \u00c7ingeneler Alman emriyle \u00f6l\u00fcm kamp\u0131na g\u00f6ndermi\u015f, 1944\u20131948 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Moskova taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6sterilen 10 bin ki\u015finin kellesi kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yara k\u00f6zlerine g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile dokunulam\u0131yor, toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131k hat safhada, kamuoyu par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin bilinmemesini isteyenler, gelece\u011fi kem g\u00f6zlerden saklamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Kan ile hicran dolu g\u00f6zenekler temizlenemiyor. 100 y\u0131ldan beri derinle\u015fen az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 asimile etme siyaseti ise toplumu tamamen zehirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgarlar, 500 sene Osmanl\u0131\u2019da \u00f6z devletsiz kal\u0131rken, daha \u00f6nceki devirde belleklere kaz\u0131nan ve silinmeyen derin psi\u015fik karanl\u0131k ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fananlar y\u0131llar sonra Bulgar halk psikolojisinde \u00f6nce bireysel ruhu canland\u0131rabilse de, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ate\u015fini bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak yakamam\u0131\u015f, politik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ayaklanmadan, do\u011fudan ya da bat\u0131dan bekleyenler her zaman birbirleriyle k\u0131yas\u0131ya kavga etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-603929339\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-60-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu bak\u0131ma Bulgar siyasal ruhu tek v\u00fccut do\u011fmam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ok \u00e7atall\u0131 ve birbiriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmaz tezatl\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Do\u011fudan Bat\u0131ya ve ters y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler ise toplumla birlikte devletin de k\u00f6klerini sarsarken, milli kimlik ruhunu iyice s\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Karde\u015fkan\u0131 d\u00f6kme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan analiz etti\u011fimizde, \u00e7ete ba\u015f\u0131 Hr. Botev\u2019in bir \u00e7eteci taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi; komita Ba\u015f\u0131 V. Levski\u2019nin bir Papaz taraf\u0131ndan ele verilmesi ve say\u0131s\u0131z benzer \u00f6rnekler olaylar\u0131 anlamakta zorlananlara kesin. 19. yy.\u2019da karde\u015fkan\u0131 ak\u0131tan bir hayal u\u011fruna i\u00e7 hesapla\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Orta\u00e7a\u011fda Bulgar kolektif psi\u015fi\u011fine Osmanl\u0131dan kopar\u0131l\u0131rsak Rus toprak k\u00f6leli\u011fine d\u00fc\u015feriz korkusu girmi\u015ftir. D\u0131\u015fardan ta\u015f\u0131nan kurtulu\u015f fikrinin do\u011fru olmayan, \u00e7arp\u0131k bir fikir oldu\u011funu halk \u00f6nce anlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bug\u00fcn etmeye \u00e7abalayanlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015ften ve gelecekten haberi yoktur. <strong><em>\u201cK\u00f6le\u201d<\/em><\/strong> nedir bilmeyen Bulgarlar, Osmanl\u0131 devrinde <em><strong>\u201ck\u00f6le\u201d<\/strong><\/em> olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirdi. <strong><em>Evi yeri, ba\u011f\u0131 bah\u00e7esi, at\u0131 \u00f6k\u00fcz\u00fc, kilise ve okulu, manast\u0131r toprak, \u00e7ay\u0131r, koru ve ormanlar\u0131 olan Bulgar halk\u0131na \u00e7ar\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ters giydirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015fi zordu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O y\u0131llarda Bulgar toplumunda esnaf zanaat\u00e7\u0131 t\u00fcccar tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Kilise ve k\u00f6y okullar\u0131 e\u011fitim veriyordu. Halk \u00f6nc\u00fcleri \u0130stanbul\u2019da okumu\u015ftu. Bat\u0131 devletlerinde okuyup ayd\u0131n olarak \u00fclkeye d\u00f6nme kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u015eehirli tabaka, \u015fehirli k\u00fclt\u00fcr olu\u015fmu\u015f, \u015fehir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011fa uzanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkede <strong><em>\u201ck\u00f6le\u201d<\/em><\/strong> gibi ya\u015fama bir yana, varl\u0131kl\u0131 halka ve ayd\u0131n kesime dayanan bir milli silahl\u0131 ayaklanma ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7anlar\u0131 \u00e7alma fikri ruhlara serpildik\u00e7e korku artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk her kopman\u0131n bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, y\u00f6n\u00fc belli olmayan yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 oldu\u011funu bilir En b\u00fcy\u00fck travma ruhsal \u00fcrkmedir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2512868385\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-65-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1877 Haziran\u0131nda Tuna\u2019y\u0131 ge\u00e7en Rus askerlere bir tek Bulgar ailenin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mamas\u0131, bir somun uzatmamas\u0131, atlar\u0131na arpa vermemesi her zaman hat\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, daha \u00f6nceki devirlerde ya\u015fanan ruhsal travmalar\u0131n bellek havzas\u0131nda birdenbire canland\u0131\u011f\u0131na kan\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131z okumu\u015fluk taslayanlar\u0131n s\u00f6zleriyle ba\u015flamaz. Halk d\u00fcnyay\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131z duyumlarla duyumlar. Bu b\u00f6yle olunca dokunun s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015ferbetin k\u0131vam\u0131n\u0131, ac\u0131n\u0131n dozunu kendisi belirler. Hi\u00e7bir devirde hi\u00e7bir k\u00f6lenin kar\u0131s\u0131, ailesi, evi, topra\u011f\u0131, okulu vb vb olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilir ve vergi memurunun de\u011fi\u015fmesini istemez. <strong><em>Tarihte Bulgarlar T\u00fcrklerle birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve durumlar\u0131 da ayn\u0131yd\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ne var ki hayatta bir de daha iyi olana eri\u015fme umudu vard\u0131r. Bu umudun yalan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 pek bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Yalan, erke\u011fe kar\u0131s\u0131 bo\u015fand\u0131ran, e\u015fe\u011fini satt\u0131rand\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1876\u2019da Bulgar da\u011f k\u00f6yl\u00fclerine evlerini yakt\u0131ran yaland\u0131r. Ayaklan\u0131n da <strong><em>\u201cs\u0131rma k\u00f6\u015fklerde\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ya\u015fay\u0131n yalan\u0131d\u0131r onlar\u0131 hareketlendiren. D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k do\u011furan ise, <strong><em>\u201cs\u0131rma k\u00f6\u015fkler T\u00fcrklerde, onlar\u0131 kovalay\u0131n siz oturun\u201d<\/em><\/strong> olmu\u015ftur. Bulgar ruhunda T\u00fcrklerden kurtulup m\u00fclklerine otural\u0131m ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00fcn edelim umudunu do\u011furmu\u015ftur <strong><em>Bulgar Milli Uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcndeki ger\u00e7ek budur.<\/em><\/strong> Bu bir \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00fcn ruhunda olmayan bir \u015fey oldu\u011fundan sonra, <em><strong>\u201cnasipten fazlas\u0131 haramd\u0131r\u201d, \u201cya da g\u00f6r\u00fcnen yoldan gitmek hay\u0131rd\u0131r\u201d<\/strong><\/em> inanc\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fclme ve yenilgi do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Bu i\u015fte \u0130ngilizler ve Ruslar, Bulgar 2 X 2 ve 2+ 2 \u2018nin her zaman 4 etmedi\u011fini \u00f6\u011freten hocalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131v\u0131larda 2 damla art\u0131 2 damla \u00a0eder 1 b\u00fcy\u00fck DAMLA. Bu form\u00fcl\u00fcn dedelerimiz ve babalar\u0131m\u0131za k\u00f6k \u00e7\u0131kartan, Bulgarlarla aram\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7an bir form\u00fcl oldu\u011funu ge\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frendik, \u00f6\u011frendik. \u00a03 T\u00fcrk\u00fcn mal\u0131na konan bir Bulgar <em><strong>\u201c\u00e7orvac\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/em> k\u00f6y kodaman\u0131 oldu. D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc ve iyi kom\u015fulu\u011fu bo\u011fdu. Bulunan sahte mehlemler Bulgar travmalar\u0131nda s\u0131z\u0131y\u0131 kesmedi, dostluklar geri gelmedi, insanlar\u0131m\u0131z memleketimizde g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ku\u015flar gibi u\u00e7tu. Ne var ki yeni h\u0131rslar do\u011furdu, \u00a0ruhlar nefretle patlad\u0131, ortam h\u00fcz\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bir de \u015fu var. Yalanlar ger\u00e7ekleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. 17. as\u0131rdan sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlardan ek vergi al\u0131nmas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6le yapmaz. 1877\u20131878 Harbinde Ruslar Bulgaristan \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erken kasabalar k\u00f6yler yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat \u00fclkedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn sivil M\u00fcsl\u00fcman evlerine, k\u00f6ylerine, kasabalar\u0131na girememi\u015flerdi. Osmanl\u0131dan kalan 2 353 cami ve medresenin hepsini y\u0131k\u0131lmad\u0131. Bulgarlar\u0131n T\u00fcrklere olan ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve minnet duygusunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in 1908\u2019den sonra kurulan Bulgar iktidarlar\u0131 tam 100 sene \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak 1984 sonundan ba\u015flayarak tank ve top kullanarak, asker, jandarma, k\u0131z\u0131l bereler, parti ve komsomol kadrolar\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131larak t\u00fcm T\u00fcrk evlerine girildi, istediklerini tutuklad\u0131lar, istediklerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler, sakat b\u0131rakt\u0131lar ya da kovdular.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar ruhundaki minnettarl\u0131ktan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan bu k\u0131r\u0131lma kap\u0131s\u0131 devleti defalarca \u00e7\u00f6kme, y\u0131k\u0131lma ve asla toparlanamama hende\u011finin ucuna getirdi. Bulgar milleti bug\u00fcn semelenmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bu k\u0131r\u0131lma \u00f6zellikle de, bu topraklarda birbirine kenetli bir halk kurabilme yollar\u0131n\u0131 kapam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar t\u00fcm di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klarla birlikte kendi i\u00e7lerine \u00e7ekilmi\u015fler ve genel bir so\u011fukluk i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u0130stikrar g\u00f6nderi k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, halk\u0131n ruhu yere devrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>1918 Asker ayaklanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>1923 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i K\u00f6yl\u00fc Ayaklanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n<p>1923 ve 1934 askeri darbelerinde ve<\/p>\n<p>1944\u2019de iktidar fa\u015fizmden kom\u00fcnizmde d\u00f6nerken hep karde\u015f kan\u0131 akm\u0131\u015f, ruhsal k\u0131r\u0131lmalar mutlu gelecek umutlar\u0131n\u0131 her defas\u0131nda ate\u015fe vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n yedincisinde en k\u00f6t\u00fc olan Bulgar halk\u0131n\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmekten korkmamas\u0131 oldu. Bir asker k\u0131talar\u0131 gitti, gelip yenileri yerle\u015fti, neden geldiniz deyen olmad\u0131. Vatan topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve halk\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in sava\u015facak bir ku\u015fak yeti\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n<p>Son olarak Bulgar halk\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmek isteyenler \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan etniklere sald\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130sim, dil, din, k\u00fclt\u00fcr demediler, binlere mezar kazd\u0131lar, be\u011fenmeyeni memleketten kovdular.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Bu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak \u00e7ok derin travmal\u0131 bir kimlik yapar.<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kan ak\u0131tanlar\u0131n duracaklar\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131r, bir nokta olmal\u0131 ve bu k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekilmelidir. Bulgarlar, sava\u015facak bir ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n bir araya toplanabilmesi olanaks\u0131z duruma gelmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkeye ak\u0131n ak\u0131n Rus ve ba\u015fka milletlerden hi\u00e7bir i\u015fe yaramayan tiplerin dolmas\u0131na tepki g\u00f6stermek zorunda olanlar\u0131n pasif kalmay\u0131 tercih etmesi fazlas\u0131yla korkutucudur. Asya ve Afrika\u2019dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7men selini durduran T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetine ne kadar te\u015fekk\u00fcr edilse azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler i\u00e7indeydim. Yaz\u0131nca 5\u20136 sayfaya zor s\u0131\u011fan\u0131n bu fikir havzamdaki yeri bir zerreden ufakt\u0131r. O b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar da ayn\u0131 zerrenin bir yan\u0131nda gizlidir. Ne ekmek ister ne su, hep canl\u0131d\u0131r onlar. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerin sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm gizemi de bu zerrenin i\u00e7indedir. Onu i\u015fitmek, havaya, suya ve topra\u011fa cem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ye\u015ferecek k\u0131vama gelip gelmedi\u011fini birlikte saptamak i\u00e7in gelmi\u015ftik. Say\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7imizi huzurlu sesini dinlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m an \u00f6nce derin bir nefes ald\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Okudu\u011funuz i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fctfen payla\u015f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-3827135903\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elif G\u00dcNDE\u015e Tarih: 08 Mart 2018 Konu:\u00a0\u00a0 Diplomatlar bulunduklar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011freniyorlar. 9 ki\u015filik heyetimiz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme masas\u0131n\u0131n bir taraf\u0131na s\u0131\u011fmad\u0131. Olaya bir psikolog g\u00f6z\u00fcyle tan\u0131kl\u0131k<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":26990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/elif-gunes-e1561133931689.jpg?fit=960%2C960&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-7lw","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28242"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28242\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}