Kentlerde ya\u015fayan kad\u0131nla erke\u011fin yan yana gelmesinin sak\u0131ncalar\u0131na dair fetvalar veren din adamlar\u0131, k\u00f6ylerde ve k\u0131rsalda tarlalarda erkeklerle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n\u0131n eme\u011fine dair \u00f6vg\u00fc dolu s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylerler.<\/p>\n
Her ne kadar k\u00fcresel markalar, 8 Mart\u2019\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli kampanyalarla al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir vesileden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olarak g\u00f6rmeseler de, hatta 8 Mart\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6keninde emek m\u00fccadelesi oldu\u011fu art\u0131k \u00e7ok bilinmese de 8 Mart \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Takvimler 8 Mart 1857\u2019i g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde New York\u2019ta bir dokuma fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 40 bin kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i greve giderler. Bu, o zamana kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u00e7apta bir kad\u0131n hareketi, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir grevdir. Talepleri ise makul \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati ve adil \u00fccrettir. Ne var ki grevi sonland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u015fiddete ba\u015fvuran polisin kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilere sald\u0131rmas\u0131yla bu grev bir faciaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Polis taraf\u0131ndan fabrikaya kilitlenen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 129\u2019u \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Bu elim vaka y\u0131llar sonra 8 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fcn, D\u00fcnya Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
ABD’yi b\u0131rak\u0131p bizim buralara d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde ise, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i eylemleriyle bundan biraz daha \u00f6nce 1839’da tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan Plevne\u2019de fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir grup kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i, kendi g\u00f6revlerini yapacak ve i\u015fsiz kalmalar\u0131na sebep olacak olan makinelerin fabrikada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 isyan ederler. Makinele\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 eylem hareketlerini 1851 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yine bug\u00fcn Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda bulunan Samarkov\u2019da bir tekstil fabrikas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i eylemi takip eder.(1) Nihayetinde her ne kadar klasik tarih anlat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndan t\u00fcm\u00fcyle soyutlanm\u0131\u015f varl\u0131klar olarak tan\u0131mlasa da, g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kad\u0131n emek tarihi bir hayli eskilere dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel alana mahsus bir varl\u0131k olarak tan\u0131mlayan bask\u0131n geleneklerine ra\u011fmen devletin kurulu\u015fundan itibaren kad\u0131nlar kimi zaman gelene\u011fi arkas\u0131na alarak, kimi zaman da gelene\u011fi zorlayarak \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bilhassa k\u00f6ylerde ve k\u0131rsalda ya\u015fayan kad\u0131nlar, sanayisi olmayan tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli rol oynarlar. Bu kad\u0131nlar tarlalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, ayr\u0131ca hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yaparlar. Keza uzun bir d\u00f6nem \u00c7ukurova\u2019da pamuk i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, Ege\u2019de zeytin i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ve Karadeniz\u2019de f\u0131nd\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu kad\u0131nlar olu\u015fturur.<\/p>