{"id":28110,"date":"2018-03-08T15:12:32","date_gmt":"2018-03-08T12:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=28110"},"modified":"2019-07-06T20:57:08","modified_gmt":"2019-07-06T17:57:08","slug":"bulgaristanda-kadinin-toplumdaki-rolune-iliskin-algi-degismeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/bulgaristanda-kadinin-toplumdaki-rolune-iliskin-algi-degismeli\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulgaristan&#8217;da Kad\u0131n\u0131n toplumdaki rol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin alg\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmeli"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc vesilesi ile Bulgaristan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n toplumdaki yeri ve rol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin avukat Sevin\u00e7 Karao\u011flan\u2019la s\u00f6yle\u015ftik. Uzun y\u0131llar devlet idaresinde g\u00f6rev ald\u0131ktan sonra son 9 y\u0131lda avukatl\u0131k yapan Sevin\u00e7 Han\u0131m, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131 konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor, \u00e7e\u015fitli sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc projelerde yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Kad\u0131n\u0131n toplumdaki yeri ve rol\u00fc nedir sorusu \u00fczerine Sevin\u00e7 Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n cevab\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle oldu:<\/p>\n<p><i>\u00d6ncelikle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 8 Mart bayram\u0131n\u0131 kutlar\u0131m, b\u00fct\u00fcn zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden g\u00fcler y\u00fczle gelmelerini dilerim. Anne ve e\u015f olmak ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kariyer yapmak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bulgaristan\u2019da hi\u00e7 de kolay bir i\u015f de\u011fil. Ger\u00e7ekten de \u00fclkedeki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n durumunu konu\u015furken baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli hususlara dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekir \u2013 erkeklerle ayn\u0131 g\u00f6revlerde bulunan kad\u0131nlar y\u00fczde 16 oran\u0131nda daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret al\u0131yorlar. Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in kariyer yapmak \u00e7ok daha zor oluyor. Y\u00f6netici g\u00f6revlerde bulunan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 erkeklere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha az.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Bu durumu her yerde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn \u2013 siyasette, Parlamento\u2019da, belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinde bulunan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok daha az. \u0130\u015f sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne g\u00f6z atacak olursak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fcten \u015firketlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fil. Oysa geli\u015fmi\u015f Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde durum b\u00f6yle de\u011fil. Bu \u00fclkelerde kad\u0131nlar her yerde \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde temsil edilmektedir.<\/i><i>Bence kad\u0131nlara geli\u015fmek ve \u00f6nemli yerlere gelmek i\u00e7in yeterince imkan\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131rsa bunun b\u00fct\u00fcn topluma b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kad\u0131n ve Erkeklerin E\u015fitli\u011fi Yasas\u0131 onayland\u0131 ve \u00fclkemiz Bulgaristan, bu t\u00fcr bir yasan\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek AB \u00fcyesi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sizce E\u015fitlik Yasas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir yasa m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4198598666\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><i>Bence yasa, do\u011fru y\u00f6nde at\u0131lan bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bununla beraber toplumda e\u015fitli\u011fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha somut ve geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Kad\u0131n ve erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi sadece e\u015fit hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler de\u011fil, hayatta kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n da e\u015fit olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Kad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 itibari ile ilk ve en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revi, hayat vermektir ve d\u00fcnyaya getirdi\u011fi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmektir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kad\u0131nlar ailenin ge\u00e7indirilmesinde de erkeklerle e\u015fit pay sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar. Bu durum her kad\u0131n\u0131 bir\u00e7ok zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getiriyor, ki erkekler bunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya de\u011fil. Onlar\u0131n ilki anne olmak ve ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f hayat\u0131nda da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmakt\u0131r. Bu durumda hem anne, hem evhan\u0131m\u0131 olan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fyerinde erkekle e\u015fit olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. \u0130kinci zorluk da yine do\u011fas\u0131 itibari ile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 ki\u015fisel \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 olunca da erkeklerle nas\u0131l e\u015fit olaca\u011f\u0131 sorusu g\u00fcndeme geliyor. Neden biz erkeklerle e\u015fit olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m, neden onlar bizimle e\u015fit olmak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nlar. Daha do\u011frusu neden kad\u0131n\u0131n daha farkl\u0131 i\u015flevlere sahip olmas\u0131, erkekler taraf\u0131ndan avantaj olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor, yani erkekler, hamilelik, do\u011fum, annelik gibi i\u015fleri yapmamakla birlikte ba\u015far\u0131 konusunda kad\u0131nlarla k\u0131yaslanabileceklerini mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Bu iki zorluktan yola \u00e7\u0131karak \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek istiyorum: toplumda kad\u0131n ve erkeklerin geli\u015fme imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hem devlet taraf\u0131ndan mevzuatta ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda hem de sivil sekt\u00f6rde ve \u00f6zellikle de e\u011fitimde kad\u0131n ve erkek aras\u0131ndaki do\u011fal farkl\u0131l\u0131klara \u00f6nem verilmesi ve mutlaka g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Bunu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6rneklendirebiliriz \u2013 ben devlet memuru oldu\u011fum d\u00f6nemde e\u015fim de devlet memuruydu, fakat ben erkek olan i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131mla rekabet etmekte zorlan\u0131yordum. Neden? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015fyerinde verimli olmam i\u00e7in anne olarak da rahat ve mutlu olmam gerekiyordu. \u00c7ocu\u011fu kre\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek, okul bayramlar\u0131na kat\u0131lmak imkans\u0131zd\u0131. Sa\u011fl\u0131k raporu almam da neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131. Bu durumda ne yapmam gerekir. Ba\u015fka birisine bunlar\u0131 yapt\u0131rmam gerekir ve annelik g\u00f6revlerimi ba\u015fkas\u0131na yapt\u0131r\u0131rken do\u011fal olarak huzursuz oluyordum. Huzursuz olunca da bu t\u00fcr bir huzursuzluk ya\u015famayan erkeklerle e\u015fit olmam imkans\u0131z.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Son y\u0131llarda bu konuda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak i\u00e7in kanunlara baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler getirildi. \u0130\u015fyerinden mesai bitimninden \u00f6nce \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in, \u00e7ocukla ilgili izine \u00e7\u0131kmak gibi. Ama yeterli mi, de\u011fil. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden yasa do\u011fru y\u00f6nde at\u0131lan bir ad\u0131md\u0131r dedim, ama yap\u0131lacak daha \u00e7ok i\u015f var, hem mevzuatta, hem sivil sekt\u00f6rde.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Bu y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015fiklik sa\u011flamak iste\u011fi, beni sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirdi. Bulgaristan AB\u2019ye \u00fcye olmadan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda, iktisadi ama\u00e7 g\u00fctmeyen bir kurulu\u015f kurdum ve cinsler e\u015fitli\u011fi konulu bir\u00e7ok seminere kat\u0131ld\u0131m ve bunun sonucunda akl\u0131mda \u00e7ok somut fikirler olu\u015ftu. Dernek\u00e7ilik hayat\u0131mda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hikayeleri bana duruma farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, farkl\u0131 bir perspektif kazand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/i><\/p><div id=\"bghab-88925002\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Peki bug\u00fcn itibari ile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n desteklenmesi ad\u0131na nelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p><i>\u00d6ncelikle e\u011fitime cins farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 konusu getirmeli, bu konu konu\u015fulmal\u0131. \u0130kincisi de medyan\u0131n rol\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli, bu konularda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7s\u0131ndan. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir yasa veya yasal d\u00fczenleme kendili\u011finden yeterli olmaz. Hele de kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda. \u015eiddeti \u00f6nlemek veya azaltmak i\u00e7in zihniyet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gerekli, cinslerin avantajlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin toplumda do\u011fru alg\u0131 olu\u015fturulmal\u0131. Kanunlar cezaland\u0131r\u0131r. \u015eiddeti \u00d6nleme Yasas\u0131, \u015fiddet i\u015flemi\u015f olan birinden nas\u0131l sorumluluk aranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir, ama insanlar\u0131n alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiremez. Bu noktada aile toplumun \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir h\u00fccresidir, yar\u0131nki vatanda\u015flar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi ortamd\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu konularda anne ve baban\u0131n tutumu do\u011fru ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olursa, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n da tutumu do\u011fru olur. E\u011fitim sistemi ve medya ise bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te destekleyici rol al\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Yine \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse: Bir erkek kendini e\u015fi ile e\u015fit g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsa ve e\u015fi kendisi kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, bunun yan\u0131nda yemek yap\u0131yor, temizlik ve \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r yap\u0131yorsa ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u015fler tamamen kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeyse, bu adam yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ev i\u015flerinden dolay\u0131 k\u0131zmak ya da e\u015fini d\u00f6vmek hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemeli. \u0130\u015fte ailede b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin olmas\u0131na meydan b\u0131rakmamak gerekir. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in aileye, e\u011fitime, medyaya, devlete \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor,\u00a0<\/i>diyen Sevin\u00e7 Han\u0131m, 8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcnasebeti ile kad\u0131nlara seslenirken \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n<p><i>8 Mart m\u00fcnasebeti ile b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlara her \u015feyin \u00fcstesinden gelmelerini, toplumumuz i\u00e7in son derece \u00f6nemli olduklar\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde olmalar\u0131n\u0131 temenni ediyorum. Hem do\u011fas\u0131 itibari ile sevgi ve \u015fevkatle anne ve e\u015f g\u00f6revini yaparken, hem i\u015f hayat\u0131nda daha sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve daha \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, daha sezgisel davrand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 avantajlara sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 unutmadan mutlu olmalar\u0131n\u0131 dilerim. Kendilerine g\u00fcvenmelerini, devaml\u0131 geli\u015fmeleri, aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde olmalar\u0131 ve hayattan zevk almalar\u0131n\u0131, mutlu olmalar\u0131n\u0131 temenni ederim. Geleneklere sahip \u00e7\u0131karken \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f hayat\u0131n meydan okumalar\u0131na m\u00fcnasip cevaplar bulmalar\u0131n\u0131 dilerim. Bu y\u00f6nde yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok i\u015f var, benim \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m projelerin amac\u0131 da asl\u0131nda do\u011fru \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin bulunmas\u0131, toplumda de\u011fi\u015fimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>BNR<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3788137759\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-365297442\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc vesilesi ile Bulgaristan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n toplumdaki yeri ve rol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin avukat Sevin\u00e7 Karao\u011flan\u2019la s\u00f6yle\u015ftik. Uzun y\u0131llar devlet idaresinde g\u00f6rev ald\u0131ktan sonra<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":28111,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-7jo","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/avukat-sevinc-karaoglan-bnr-studyosunda.jpg?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28110\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}