{"id":28040,"date":"2018-03-06T21:20:36","date_gmt":"2018-03-06T18:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=28040"},"modified":"2018-03-06T21:20:36","modified_gmt":"2018-03-06T18:20:36","slug":"ab-hevesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/ab-hevesi\/","title":{"rendered":"AB Hevesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Yazan: Nedim Ak\u0131n<\/p>\n<p>Tarih. O6 Mart 2018<\/p>\n<p>Konu<strong>:\u00a0\u00a0 Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Bat\u0131 Balkanlar ve T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Son aylarda T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, Rusya Federasyonu ve Birle\u015fik Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Balkanlarla ilgili geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f stratejik planlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Rusya ile ABD Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011finin ci\u011ferine sokulan bir han\u00e7er gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, T\u00fcrkiye bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkelerdeki Osmanl\u0131 tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmak, o \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara el uzatarak milli varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nen\u00e7 i\u015finde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131 ve devletleri aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik unsuru olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lenmelerine arka olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda 10 binden fazla Osmanl\u0131 y\u00fcksek mimar, sanat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr eseri oldu\u011fu, onar\u0131lan camilerin dolup ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezleri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve din e\u011fitimine de devam edildi\u011fi g\u00fcn dibi ortadad\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2679912043\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>B\u00f6l\u00fcm 2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Avrupa Birli\u011fine \u00fcyelik haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nce 2007 \u2013 2013 d\u00f6neminde Bat\u0131 Balkanlardaki \u00fclkelerin Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nden (AB) toplam <strong>4.1 milyar<\/strong> (d\u00f6rt milyar y\u00fcz milyon) Euro b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme \/entegre olma\/ yard\u0131m\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edelim.\u00a0 2014 \u2013 2020 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan d\u00f6nemde bu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z yard\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n toplam <strong>3.9<\/strong> milyar (\u00fc\u00e7 milyar dokuz y\u00fcz milyon) Euro olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceden a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Bununla yan yana, ba\u015fka uluslar aras\u0131 programlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131 Balkanlara ek olarak toplam <strong>9 milyar<\/strong> Euro daha ak\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ad\u0131 Avrupa \/reel politikas\u0131\/ kaynakl\u0131 veriler, Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkelerinin AB\u2019yle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme programlar\u0131 dahilinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00e7ok daha fazla para ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bunun nedenini, Bat\u0131 Balkanlardaki devletleri AB planlar\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikli duruma gelmesinde g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemi birdenbire \u00f6nem kazand\u0131.\u00a0 Yukar\u0131da i\u015faret etti\u011fimiz birinci mali yard\u0131m sunma d\u00f6neminde (2007 \u2013 2013) Ankara\u2019ya verilen para ancak <strong>4.8 milyar<\/strong> (d\u00f6rt milyar sekiz y\u00fcz milyon) Euro, ikinci d\u00f6nemde (2014 \u2013 2020) <strong>4.5 milyar<\/strong> (d\u00f6rt milyar be\u015f y\u00fcz milyon) Euro verilmesi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Demek oluyor ki, <strong>T.C. i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar Bat\u0131 Balkanlara g\u00f6nderilenden daha azd\u0131r<\/strong>. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131n toplam <strong>n\u00fcfusundan 4.5 defa daha b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/strong>, ekonomisinin ise <strong>8.5 defa daha b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/strong> oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3264935319\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Adaylar\u0131n yeni s\u0131ralanmas\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumda, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne \u00fcye olmaya en haz\u0131r ve en merakl\u0131 Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkesi sanki <strong>S\u0131rbistan<\/strong>\u2019d\u0131r. Bu Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkesi 2007\u2019den beri her y\u0131l ortalama <strong>207 milyon<\/strong> (iki y\u00fcz yedi milyon) Euro olmak \u00fczere birinci d\u00f6nemde <strong>1.4 milyar<\/strong> (bir milyar d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz milyon) Euro ve ikinci d\u00f6nemde de <strong>1.5 milyar<\/strong> (bir milyar be\u015f y\u00fcz milyon) Euro mali yard\u0131m alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu S\u0131rbistan Gayr\u0131 Safi Milli H\u00e2s\u0131las\u0131ndan (GSMH) 0,2 olup ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na <strong>209 <\/strong>(iki y\u00fcz dokuz) Euro\u2019dur.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye her y\u0131l ortalama GSMH\u2019 dan <strong>% 0,03 yani y\u0131lda 661<\/strong> (alt\u0131 y\u00fcz altm\u0131\u015f bir) Euro yard\u0131m al\u0131rken, bu oran ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na <strong>8 Euro\u2019ya<\/strong> e\u015fittir.\u00a0 Ku\u015fkusuz AB ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda \u00fcyelik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin kesilmesinden sonra bu mali yard\u0131mlar da kesilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00f6denmeyen paralar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc bu defa Bat\u0131 Balkanlara y\u00f6nlendiriliyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkelerine giden bu paralar, devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesine, hukuk \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flanmas\u0131na, istikrarl\u0131 ekonomik etkinliklere, rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fckseltilmesine, demokrasinin yerle\u015fmesine ve yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n peki\u015ftirilmesine harcan\u0131yor. Avrupa Komisyonu \u00f6nce oldu\u011fu gibi, \u015fimdi de bu \u00fclkelerdeki b\u00fcy\u00fck eksiklikleri bu alanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. \u00a0Avrupa Komisyonunun bu konuda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda \u015f\u00f6yle deniyor: \u201c<em>Bat\u0131 Balkanlar AB\u2019nin bu temel de\u011ferlerini daha kararl\u0131 ve daha emin bir \u015fekilde \u00f6z\u00fcmsemek zorundad\u0131r<\/em>. <em>Bu uygulamalar\u0131n geciktirilmesi yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara engel olurken, ticareti de aksat\u0131yor<\/em>.\u201d<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3966944169\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bat\u0131 Balkanlar ekonomilerinin geli\u015fmesini engelleyen fazla geli\u015fmemi\u015f olan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re politik m\u00fcdahalelerin \u00e7ok fazla olmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden rekabetin \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunun da kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 engellerken, gen\u00e7 ki\u015filerin i\u015f bulabilmelerini s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bat\u0131 Balkanlar hen\u00fcz yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 \u00e7ekmiyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda b\u00f6lgeyi sorunlu hale getiren geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 askeri \u015fiddet, bug\u00fcn Balkan siyaseti i\u00e7in g\u00fcncel bir sorun olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ileri bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Ne var ki, askeri \u015fiddet olmamas\u0131 burada sorunsuz bir b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. \u00a0Bu \u00fclkelerde s\u00fcre\u011fen bir ekonomik yetersizlik var. Halk kitleleri ve toplumun hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor. Ard\u0131 aras\u0131 kesilmeyen bir etnik gerginlik k\u00fckr\u00fcyor. Etniklerin b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesini engelleyen temel etkenler bunlard\u0131r. Bu e\u011filimlerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, ekonomik sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunmas\u0131 politik sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma yolunda ad\u0131mlar olacakt\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede uzla\u015fma r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131 esse de, \u201culuslar aras\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u201d i\u00e7in b\u00f6lge hen\u00fcz ilgi \u00e7eken bir yer de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda halk\u0131n durumu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 Balkanlardaki sava\u015f ve \u015fiddetin son bulmas\u0131 yava\u015f istikrar sa\u011flarkenhalk\u0131n yoksullu\u011funu a\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131na \u00e7ok az katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabildi. Gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fsizlikle \u00f6rnekledi\u011fimizde <strong>Karada\u011f\u2019da bu oran % 39<\/strong>; <strong>Bosna Hersek\u2019te % 54;<\/strong> halk\u0131n <strong>% 71 de yarg\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve adil oldu\u011funa asla inanm\u0131yor. Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda ya\u015fayan insanlarda % 43\u2019\u00fc \u00e7areyi g\u00f6\u00e7 etmekte ya da gurbet\u00e7ilikte g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2060726375\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkelerinin alt\u0131s\u0131nda (6) da etnik gerginlik var. Bu huzursuzlu\u011fun her \u00fclkede kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00e7izgileri var.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rneklersek, Arnavutluk Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 <strong>Edi Rama<\/strong>, kom\u015fu Makedonya\u2019da Arnavutlara kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederek \u201c<strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Arnavutluk<\/strong>\u201d fikrini yeniden ate\u015fledi. Makedonya\u2019da ise siyasi liderler etnik fakt\u00f6rden i\u00e7 siyaset \u00e7\u0131kar ve hedeflerinde yararlan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bosna \u2013 Hersek\u2019te k\u00f6zler s\u00f6nmemi\u015f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>22 y\u0131l bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan <strong>Bosna &#8211; Hersek<\/strong>\u2019te huzurun tam olarak hakim oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyemeyiz. Durgunluk ya\u015fayan \u00fclkede s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fan\u0131rken, darbo\u011fazlar var. Bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde etnik gruplar aras\u0131ndaki setler y\u00fckseldi. <strong>Bosna \u2013 Hersek Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> 3 genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131, devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n beklendi\u011fi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015farettir. \u0130\u00e7 bunal\u0131m durumunda ordunun etnik kriterlerle \u00fc\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi beklenebilir. <strong>Bosna \u2013 Hersek\u2019teki S\u0131rp<\/strong> otonomisinin lideri olan <strong>Milorad Dodik \u2018nin <\/strong>izledi\u011fi siyasette<strong>n Birle\u015fik Amerika <\/strong>oldu\u011fu gibi<strong> Avrupa Birli\u011fi de memnunluk <\/strong>ifade etmiyor. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda<strong> Dodik, Bosna Hersek <\/strong>bile\u015fiminde bulunan<strong> S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Milli Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 9 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fcnde kutlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in <\/strong>bir halk oylamas\u0131 d\u00fczenledi<strong>. <\/strong>Bu soyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 katil \u201cRadovan Karaci\u00e7\u201d g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kutlanacakt\u0131.<strong>\u00a0 Birle\u015fik Amerika<\/strong>, 1995\u2019te imzalanan<strong> Deyt\u0131n <\/strong>antla\u015fmas\u0131yla temelleri at\u0131lan etnik bar\u0131\u015f d\u00fczeninin baltalanmas\u0131 tehlikesine i\u015faret ederek referandum sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabildi. Buna cevap olarak Dodik, Bosna devlet kurumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alan S\u0131rplar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u201c<strong>Banya Luka<\/strong>\u201d otonomisinin ba\u015fkentine d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 ve d\u00f6nmeyenleri de \u201c<strong>hain<\/strong>\u201d ilan etti.\u00a0 Bunun bir anlam\u0131 da Dodik\u2019in bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funa i\u015farettir. Halk\u0131 silahland\u0131rmaya da \u00f6nem veren Dodik, b\u00f6lge polis g\u00fc\u00e7leri i\u00e7in 2.5 (iki bin be\u015f y\u00fcz) otomatik silah sat\u0131n ald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kosova devlet kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor<\/strong>.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1955063387\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kosova bir yandan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletinin kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 zamanda S\u0131rbistan ile ili\u015fkilerin gerginle\u015fmesi de g\u00fc\u00e7 topluyor. Kosova milliyet\u00e7ileri Kosova\u2019n\u0131n haberi bile olmadan S\u0131rbistan\u2019dan kesilen topraklar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini istiyor. Kosova ile Karada\u011f aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin yeniden gerginle\u015fmesine sebep ise, \u00a0devlet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izilmesi oldu. Kosova Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Ramos Haradinay Bat\u0131n\u0131n pek y\u00fcz vermedi\u011fi bir ki\u015fi durumuna d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00d6nce Birle\u015fik Kral\u0131k i\u00e7in vize alamad\u0131, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de ona Amerikan vizesi vermediler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karada\u011f\u2019da kimlik sorunu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Karada\u011f\u2019da kimlik kavgas\u0131 var. Toplum etnik kimlik konusunda ikiye par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. NATO \u00fcyesi bu gen\u00e7 \u00fclkenin kamu harcamalar\u0131nda da \u00e7ok ciddi sorunlar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada oldu\u011fu gibi, devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n adil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kap\u0131 da hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131ma 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar AB dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kapatabilece\u011finden ve \u00f6n\u00fcne sunulan kriterlere uyup uyamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan ku\u015fku duyuluyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131rbistan gerginlik kayna\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u2019da gerginlik kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda S\u0131rbistan gelmeye devam ediyor. S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti ile ilgili planlar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7medi\u011fi gibi Kosova\u2019dan da toprak talebinde bulunuyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1951060305\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Huzursuzluk i\u015fareti olan bu olaylardan ba\u015fka AB Komisyonu raporunda \u015f\u00f6yle bir saptama da yer al\u0131yor: \u201c<em>\u0130nsan, silah ve uyu\u015fturucu trafi\u011fi olmas\u0131 bir yana, Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u2019da \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lar ve \u015fiddet olmaya devam ediyor. Politik ve ekonomik sisteme cinayet i\u015fleyen ki\u015filerin s\u0131zmas\u0131 tehlikesi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Demokrasi olmayan \u00fclkelerde lider sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin onlarca y\u0131ldan beri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkeleriyle iyi kom\u015fuluk siyasetinden sonra, Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkelerinin Avrupa Birli\u011fi y\u00f6nelimi hen\u00fcz k\u00f6k salamad\u0131, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve temsili kurumlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi yolunda beklenen ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atamad\u0131, her \u015fey y\u00fczeysel durumdad\u0131r. Yerel d\u00fczeyde politik ve partiler aras\u0131 rekabet olmamas\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fteriye hizmet siyaseti esasl\u0131, tek partili ve ki\u015fisel iktidarlar kurulmas\u0131na olanak verdi. \u015eimdi anla\u015f\u0131labildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Br\u00fcksel y\u00f6netimi, \u201cistikrarla\u015fma\u201d siyaseti perdesi ard\u0131na gizlenen siyaset\u00e7i ve liderlerden art\u0131k ar\u0131nmak ve Balkan \u00fclkelerindeki milliyet\u00e7i h\u0131rs\u0131zlardan uzakla\u015fmak isteseler de bunu nas\u0131l yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz bilmiyorlar. Avrupa Birli\u011fi Makedonya\u2019da <strong>Gruevski,<\/strong> Arnavutlukta <strong>Edi Rama<\/strong>, Kosova\u2019da <strong>Ha\u015fim Ta\u00e7i ve Ramu\u015f Haradinay<\/strong>, Bosna \u2013 Hersek\u2019te <strong>Milorad Dodik<\/strong> gibi liderlerle bundan b\u00f6yle i\u015f yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, onlar\u0131n iktidarda kalmamas\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olsa da, eli kolu ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. AB i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun yaratanlar\u0131n iktidardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yerlerine kimlerin atanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hen\u00fcz yan\u0131t bekliyor. Demokrasi olmamas\u0131 Balkanlar\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc politik rekabet i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck engeldir. Bununla birlikte AB\u2019nin \u00fcyelik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, bu \u00fclkelerin giderek i\u00e7sel demokrasi yollar\u0131n\u0131 da t\u0131kamas\u0131 endi\u015fesi ortadad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn bu sorun Bulgaristan ger\u00e7ekli\u011finde de izleniyor. 2007\u2019den beri AB \u00fcyesi olan \u00fclkede, demokrasi olmamas\u0131, hu\u0131kukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanamamams\u0131, sivil toplum kurulamamas\u0131 ve etnik sorunlar\u0131n gerginle\u015fmeye devam etmesi tek partili lider rejimine do\u011fru ad\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AB\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Balkanlar stratejisine g\u00fcvenilebilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Balkanlarla ilgili yenilenen stratejisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bekleyen ana konular nelerdir? Bat\u0131 Balkanlarla ilgili haz\u0131rlanan rapor ve y\u00f6neticilerin deme\u00e7leri a\u00e7\u0131k azlara bir parmak bal s\u00fcren bir propaganda oyunu de\u011fil midir? G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u011f\u0131r bunal\u0131m ya\u015fayan, ciddi sorunlar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen AB, hala etnik ve hareketli oldu\u011funu sergilemek istiyor olmas\u0131n?<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2211471434\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Avrupa Birli\u011fi d\u00fcnyaya ben \u201d<strong>\u00f6lmedim<\/strong>\u201d hala \u201c<strong>ya\u015f\u0131yorum<\/strong>\u201d demek isteyebilir. Balkanlar Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn olmazsa yar\u0131n, bir s\u00fcre sonra ya da Br\u00fcksel taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6sterilecek tarihlerden birinde, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nden bir par\u00e7a olmak istemeleri de do\u011fald\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Br\u00fcksel planlar\u0131n\u0131 ancak Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n stratejik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 kavray\u0131nca anlayabiliriz.\u00a0 Avrupa ise, Bat\u0131 Balkanlar \u00fclke ve halklar\u0131n\u0131n Rusya, \u00c7in veya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkisi alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131ndan ve Avrupa\u2019dan uzakla\u015farak kopmas\u0131ndan korkuyor. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkelerini AB\u2019ye \u00fcye almaya ili\u015fkin Avrupa Komisyonu\u2019nun yeni stratejisi, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgede siyasi egemenlik kurmas\u0131na, \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00f6lgedeki ekonomik bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek ya\u015fatmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015f bir pland\u0131r.\u00a0 Br\u00fcksel buradaki b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131nda da korkuyor ku\u015fkusuz. Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Bat\u0131 balkanlardan \u201c<strong>istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k<\/strong>\u201d ta\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, bu b\u00f6lgeye \u201c<strong>istikrar<\/strong>\u201d ihra\u00e7 etmek istiyor. 2015 ve 2016 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Avrupa Bat\u0131 Balkanlar \u00fczerinden merkezi Avrupa\u2019ya sonsuz s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131, ka\u00e7ak ve g\u00f6\u00e7men s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ge\u00e7ti\u011fine tan\u0131k oldu. Bunun yinelenmesini \u00f6nleyebilmek i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmak istiyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sofya toplant\u0131lar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan sonu\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen, 15 \u015eubat 2018 tarihinde, AB \u00fclkeleri d\u0131\u015f i\u015fleri bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n ola\u011fan d\u00f6nem toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, <strong>Avrupa Komisyonu Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u2019\u0131n AB ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesine raz\u0131 gelmedi. <\/strong>Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan, AB\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Balkanlar b\u00f6lgesel siyaseti g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc. Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131n AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi perspektifleri konusunda D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 \u201c<strong>iyimser<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c<strong>karamsa<\/strong>r\u201d olmak \u00fczere iki gruba ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u201c<strong>\u0130yimser<\/strong>\u201d gruptan olan Macaristan D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Pet\u0131r Siarto, \u201c<strong>2025 ge\u00e7 bir tarihtir<\/strong>.\u201d Dedi. Ona g\u00f6re, Karada\u011f ile S\u0131rbistan daha 2022\u2019de AB\u2019ye kat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Avusturya D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 da Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131n AB\u2019ye bir an \u00f6nce kat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6te yandan, \u201c<strong>karamsarlar<\/strong>\u201d grubundan olan Slovenya D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Karl Eryavets, Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131n AV \u00fcyeli\u011fi i\u00e7in 2025 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n realist bir tarih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etti. \u201cKaramsarlar\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, durumun g\u00fcven verici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fcye almak i\u00e7in tarih g\u00f6sterilmemesi iyi olur.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-915710185\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere AB\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Balkanlar stratejisi hem \u201c<strong>iyimserler<\/strong>\u201d hem de \u201c<strong>karamsarlar<\/strong>\u201d konumundan may\u0131nlanabilir. Birinci durumda, \u00fcye aday \u00e7ok erken\u00a0 hizmet g\u00f6recek ve bunun i\u00e7in Br\u00fcksel taraf\u0131ndan sunulan men\u00fc pek uygun de\u011filken, ikinci durumda m\u00fc\u015fterinin masaya ne zaman oturaca\u011f\u0131 bilinmedi\u011finden hen\u00fcz bir men\u00fc haz\u0131rlamaya gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geni\u015fleme yorgunlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sofya toplant\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015flamazdan \u00f6nce Avrupa Komisyonu<strong> \u201cgeni\u015fleme\u201d <\/strong>g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden b\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Geni\u015fleme i\u015fleri masraflar\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131yor bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131 da huzursuz ediyordu. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Avrupa Birli\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in \u015fimdiki \u00fcyelerin hepsinin bir sene \u00f6nceden sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f deste\u011fine gerek vard\u0131r. AB\u2019nin yeni \u00fcyeler i\u00e7in \u201c<strong>kap\u0131 kapamas\u0131<\/strong>\u201d \u015femas\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yledir: Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerindeki sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri Birli\u011fin geni\u015flemesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar ve bu kararlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerine iletirler. Avrupa Konseyi bu form\u00fcl\u00fcn i\u015flemeyebilece\u011fini iyi bildiklerinden\u00a0 daha \u015fimdiden Bat\u0131 Balkan \u00fclkelerinin AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi i\u00e7in yeni form\u00fcller geli\u015ftirirken Birlik i\u00e7inde baz\u0131 reformlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de biliyorlar.<\/p>\n<p>2018 y\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcz\u00fcnde, yani Sofya d\u00f6nem toplant\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra, Avrupa Komisyonu, AB \u00fcye olmas\u0131 istenen \u00fclkelerin \u00f6nerilerini nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funlukla sunmaya haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131yor.\u00a0 Ne ki, bu gibi kardinal bir reformun ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesine yine oy birli\u011fi ilkesini i\u015fletmek gerekiyor. \u00a0B\u00f6ylece yeni \u00fcyeler al\u0131n\u0131rken \u201c<strong>veto<\/strong>\u201d uygulama sistemi kald\u0131r\u0131lmak istenecektir.<\/p>\n<p>2018\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri geni\u015fleme konusunda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u015fu d\u00f6nemde\u00a0 Bat\u0131 Balkanlarla ilgili stratejideki en yeni durum sanki S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n Kosova\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 noktas\u0131na kilitlenmi\u015f bulunuyor. Ayr\u0131ca AB\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Balkanlara yay\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bu \u00fclkelerde hen\u00fcz kabullenilmi\u015f ve yerle\u015fmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00f6ndeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n 2015\u2019e kadar ne gibi sonu\u00e7lar verece\u011fini \u015fimdiden kestirmek ise \u00e7ok zordur.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-300781008\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Okudu\u011funuz i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/p>\n<p>Kullan\u0131lan rakamlar EADaily\u2019den al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fctfen payla\u015f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-388937454\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yazan: Nedim Ak\u0131n Tarih. O6 Mart 2018 Konu:\u00a0\u00a0 Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Bat\u0131 Balkanlar ve T\u00fcrkiye Son aylarda T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, Rusya Federasyonu ve Birle\u015fik Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Balkanlarla<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-7ig","jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28040"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28040\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}