\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n konusu olan di\u011fer kavram Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri en genel anlam\u0131 ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bulgaristan Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. Bu kavram\u0131n ne \u015fekilde olu\u015ftu\u011funu takip\u00a0edebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti tarihine bak\u0131p Balkanrda fethedilen topraklara ne\u00a0zaman ve ne \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk kitleleri g\u00f6nderildi\u011fini tespit etmekle ba\u015flamak isabetli olacakt\u0131r.
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti ondan \u00f6nce kurulan T\u00fcrk devletlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak sadece bir Asya devleti\u00a0olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti hem Asya, hem de Avrupa devleti olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6ncelikle Marmara\u00a0denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f, ilk zamanlar Marmara\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na, Balkanlara veya Rumeli\u2019ye\u00a0do\u011fru geni\u015flemi\u015f, daha sonra da Marmara mihverinin iki yakas\u0131nda, simetrik olarak\u00a0geni\u015fleyip b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir devlet haline gelmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin ilk ba\u015fkenti Anadolu\u2019da\u00a0Bursa, ikinci ba\u015fkenti Rumeli\u2019de Edirne olmu\u015ftur. \u0130stnabul\u2019un fethiyle devlet, bir nevi tabii ba\u015fkenti ve jeopolitik dengesine kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur: Do\u011fu\u2019da Anadolu kanad\u0131, bat\u0131da Rumeli\u00a0kanad\u0131 ve orta yerde ba\u015fkent \u0130stanbul. Devlet i\u00e7in birinci derecede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan ba\u015fkent\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u2019un korunmas\u0131 son derece \u00f6nemli olmu\u015f ve koruyucu kalkan durumunda olan ve Tuna\u00a0nehrine kadar uzanan Rumeli topraklar\u0131, daha ilk fetih g\u00fcnlerinden ba\u015flanarak yo\u011fun bir\u00a0\u015fekilde T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu ile doldurulmu\u015ftur. 12
\nOsmanl\u0131 devleti isk\u00e2n politikalar\u0131nda genel olarak d\u00f6rt temel hedef belirlemi\u015ftir: fethedilen\u00a0b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrk-\u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fczenli asker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak, \u00fcretimde s\u00fcreklili\u011fi\u00a0sa\u011flamak ve vergi kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc elinde tutmak. Bu isk\u00e2n politikas\u0131 disiplinli bir \u015fekilde 1357\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p, Birinci Beyazid d\u00f6neminde artarak devam etmi\u015f ve devletin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na\u00a0kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nBat\u0131da fethedilen yeni topraklar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in yerle\u015fik halka nazaren daha\u00a0disiplinli ve daha sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip olan konar-g\u00f6\u00e7erlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\n\u201cS\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa Rumeli\u2019deki kaleleri zaptettik\u00e7e Orhan Bey\u2019e: \u201cRumeli \u015fehir ve\u00a0kalelerindeki Hristiyan aileleri Karesi vilayetine ge\u00e7irip, onlar\u0131n yerine de Anadolu\u2019nun\u00a0g\u00fcneyinden g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrkmen, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc Gaziyan, fisebilillah gaza eden Dervi\u015fan ve kendi\u00a0arzusuyla gelip yerle\u015fmek isteyen k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri g\u00f6nderip isk\u00e2n eylemek gerek.\u201d demi\u015ftir. Orhan\u00a0Bey de bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki aileleri Rumeli\u2019ye g\u00f6ndererek isk\u00e2n etmi\u015ftir\u201d Osmanl\u0131 isk\u00e2nlar\u0131\u00a0geli\u015fig\u00fczel de\u011fil, belirli bir plan-program \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mesela isk\u00e2n mahallerine bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kona\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131larak hem merkezi otorite hissettirilmi\u015f, hem de\u00a0vatanda\u015f\u0131n kolayca arz-\u0131 h\u00e2lini bildirece\u011fi bir merci bulundurulmu\u015ftur.
\n13Andolu\u2019dan Rumeli\u2019ye gelen T\u00fcrklerin \u201cg\u00f6revi\u201d buralarda \u0130slamiyetin din olarak benimsenmesini\u00a0sa\u011flamak, Anadolu T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc her anlam\u0131yla bu topraklara ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p o zamanki anlay\u0131\u015fa\u00a0g\u00f6re buralar\u0131 \u015fenlendirmek olmu\u015ftur.
\n14. y\u00fczy\u0131l itibari ile Anadolu\u2019dan Rumeli\u2019ye s\u00fcrekli bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.
\nBu d\u00f6nemde, Orta Asya\u2019dan Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131 nedeni ile Anadolu\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde Anadolu\u2019da say\u0131lar\u0131 artan T\u00fcrkler Rumeli\u2019ye kayd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkler haricinde Anadolu\u2019da g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fam\u0131 s\u00fcren Y\u00f6r\u00fckler, T\u00fcrkmenler, Konyarlar ve\u00a0Tatarlar da Rumeli\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fler ve bu topraklarda yerle\u015fik bir hayat s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan yeni fethedilen topraklar\u0131n \u00e7ekicili\u011fine ve sunduklar\u0131 imkanlara\u00a0kap\u0131lan, giri\u015fken bir tak\u0131m T\u00fcrk kitleleri de kendili\u011finden Rumeli topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp\u00a0yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bunlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda daha sonra Anadolu\u2019da meydana gelen Celali ayaklanmalar\u0131 gibi karga\u015falar sebebi ile baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk kitleleri buralardan ka\u00e7\u0131p Rumeli\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu\u00a0\u015fekilde olduk\u00e7a k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede farkl\u0131 sebeplerle Anadolu\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7en T\u00fcrk kitleleri,\u00a0Rumeli\u2019nde de Anadolu\u2019da oldu\u011fu kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir T\u00fcrkl\u00fck olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019nun bir\u00a0par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Rumeli T\u00fcrkleri, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca bu\u00a0topraklara bir nevi k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 14\u00a0Anadolu T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin Rumeli\u2019ye isk\u00e2n etme politikas\u0131 amac\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bu topraklar\u00a0sadece y\u00f6netim olarak de\u011fil k\u00fclt\u00fcr olarak ta T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Balkanlar\u2019da takip\u00a0edilen ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc politikas\u0131 neticesinde hem Osmanl\u0131 hanedan\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfuzu artm\u0131\u015f hem de\u00a0\u0130slamiyet yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Balkanlar\u2019da \u0130slamiyetin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 zoruyla de\u011fil daha \u00e7ok\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 devletinin sosyal alanda sergiledi\u011fi ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn bir sonucudur. Bu ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0sadece devletin kuruldu\u011fu ilk d\u00f6nemlerde de\u011fil daha sonra da devam etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin\u00a0\u201c1806\u20131812 Harbi ba\u015flar\u0131nda Ruslar, \u00e7e\u015fitli vaatlerle ve cebren iki binden fazla Bulgar\u2019\u0131\u00a0yurtlar\u0131ndan kopararak Eflak-Bo\u011fdan taraflar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fler ve olaya iltica s\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0vermi\u015flerdi. Aradan bir m\u00fcddet ge\u00e7ince Bulgarlardan her biri bir mahalde sefalet ve\u00a0hakaretlere u\u011frayarak feryad-\u00fc figan etmi\u015fler ve neticede tekrar yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmek i\u00e7in\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne ba\u015fvurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Kendileri hakk\u0131nda verilen fermanla tamam\u0131 affedilerek eski yerlerine d\u00f6nmelerine m\u00fcsaade edilmi\u015ftir.\u201d Ayr\u0131ca Rus istilas\u0131yla harap olan yerlerin\u00a0yeniden \u015fen ve mamur edilmesi hususunda Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti gerekli giri\u015fimlerde\u00a0bulunmu\u015ftur. \u201d15 G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Rumeli topraklar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve\u00a0\u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n1877-1787 Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda. Osmanl\u0131 devletinin sava\u015f\u0131 kaybetmesi ile\u00a0yukar\u0131da belirtilen \u015fekilde y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce Rumeli\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen T\u00fcrk kitleleri bu kez\u00a0buralardan kopup Anadolu\u2019ya ak\u0131n etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cOsmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015f\u0131, bir tayfun gibi\u00a0Rumeli\u2019yi kas\u0131p kavurdu. Rumeli T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, be\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00f6k\u00fcnden s\u00f6k\u00fcp att\u0131\u201d16 Rumeli\u00a0topraklar\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bozgunluk ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve atas\u00f6zlerine dahil olara g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek hi\u00e7 unutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cAnadolu\u2019nun salg\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019un yang\u0131n\u0131, Rumeli\u2019nin bozgunu\u201d atas\u00f6z\u00fc\u00a0bunlardan sadece bir tanesidir. Sava\u015ftan hemen sonra say\u0131lar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon olan\u00a0Rumeli muhaciri Anadolu\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onbinlercesi de Anadolu\u2019ya ula\u015famadan yollarda\u00a0hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. 17\u00a01878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Tuna Vilayeti \u00fczerine bir Bulgar\u00a0Prensli\u011fi kurulmu\u015ftur. Ancak \u00e7ok milletli imparatorluk topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulan bu \u00fcniter\u00a0milli devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bir\u00e7ok T\u00fcrk k\u00fctlesi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00f6yleki Bulgar Prensli\u011fi\u00a0n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Tr\u00fckler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.
\nT\u00fcrk-Bulgar n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1878 Ayastefanos Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fczakeresi s\u0131ras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk delegeleri Ruslar\u2019a Balkan S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde kalan\u00a0T\u00fcrklerin g\u00fcneydeki Bulgarlarla de\u011fi\u015ftoku\u015f edilmesi, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n\u0131n da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak\u00a0tasfiye edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir teklif sunmu\u015f ancak Rus taraf\u0131 bu teklifi kabul etmemi\u015ftir.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak Tuna vilayetinde ya\u015fayan ve Rus sava\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkler,\u00a0sava\u015f sonunda kendilerini \u201cBulgar vatanda\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bundan b\u00f6yle Bulgar\u00a0y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ya\u015famak, Bulgar yasalar\u0131na uymak ve bir \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme durumunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nBerlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi metninde kurulacak olan Bulgar Devleti\u2019nin ad\u0131\u00a0Bulgaristan olarak yer almaktad\u0131r.18 Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurulacak olan bu yeni \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131\u00a0i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131 da Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece\u00a0Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131 da yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0anlam\u0131na gelen sosyal bir terim olarak olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
\nAncak bu ilk olu\u015fumunda Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131 sadece Tuna vilayetinde ikamet eden T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelirken daha sonra anlam\u0131 biraz daha geni\u015fleyecektir.
\nBulgaristan, 1878\u2019den sonraki tarihlerde topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.
\nNihayet 18 Kas\u0131m 1885 tarihinde Do\u011fu Rumeli vilayeti burada ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk k\u00fctleleri ile\u00a0beraber Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na dahil olmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihten sonra Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri\u00a0kavram\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 biraz daha geni\u015flemi\u015f ve art\u0131k eski Do\u011fu Rumeli topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan\u00a0T\u00fcrkleri de kapsam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n17 \u015eim\u015fir, age s.19<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da belirtilen tarihi geli\u015fmeler sonucunda eski Rumeli topraklar\u0131ndan Anadolu\u2019ya\u00a0olan g\u00f6\u00e7ler 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam etmi\u015ftir.
\nBulgaristan\u2019dan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Muhacereti denen g\u00f6\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 1877-1878 Osmal\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bozgun g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 ile\u00a0y\u00fczbinlerce T\u00fcrk Anadolu\u2019ya gitmek \u00fczere yerlerinden yurtlar\u0131ndan kopup yollara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n1886 \u2013 1890 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye toplam 74.753 T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir.
\nSonras\u0131nda Bulgar resmi istatistik kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 1893-1902 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda toplam 70 603 T\u00fcrk \u00fclkeden g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130kinci b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 da Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir . Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 esnas\u0131nda\u00a0eski Rumeli topraklar\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek \u00fczere yollara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 000 kadar\u0131 sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, geri kalan\u0131 da Anadolu\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7ler Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde de devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde\u00a0g\u00f6\u00e7 faaliyetleri ilk kez d\u00fczenlenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 18 Ekim 1925 tarihinde Ankara\u2019da\u00a0imzalanan \u201cT\u00fcrk-Bulgar \u0130kamet S\u00f6zle\u015fmsi\u201d uyar\u0131nca T\u00fcrklerin iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7lerine engel\u00a0olunmayacakt\u0131r. Muhacirler ta\u015f\u0131nabilir mallar\u0131n\u0131 yanlar\u0131nda getirebilecek ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0da satabilecek ve elde ettikleri paray\u0131 da Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karabileceklerdir.
\nCumhuriyetin ilk d\u00f6neminde, iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki y\u0131llarda Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye\u00a0toplam 198 688 T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\n\u0130kinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ve sava\u015f sonras\u0131 y\u0131llarda Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye olan g\u00f6\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131\u00a0olduk\u00e7a azalm\u015f 1940-1949 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda toplam 21 353 ki\u015fi g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u0131llar aras\u0131nda\u00a0ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7 normal bir g\u00f6\u00e7 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, nitekim yeni Bulgar rejimi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7lere\u00a0izin vermemi\u015f Tr\u00fckiye-Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7e kapal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.
\nBundan sonraki g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 1950-1951 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc olarak bilinir. 10 A\u011fustos 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bulgar\u00a0H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bir nota vererek sert bir dille Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinden 250 000 ki\u015finin\u00a010 Kas\u0131m 1950 tarihine kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderme iste\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0bukadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bukadar \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7meni kabul edecek imk\u00e2na sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan notay\u0131\u00a0reddetmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen g\u00f6\u00e7mek isteyen Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri\u2019ne vize verilmeye devam\u00a0edilmi\u015ftir ve 1950-1951 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 154 binden fazla T\u00fcrk\u00a0g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. 19\u00a0Bundan sonra Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin g\u00f6\u00e7 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en k\u0131sa zamanda en\u00a0kapsaml\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 olan 1989 \u2013 1990 tarihleri aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur.
\nG\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen sebepleri bu tarihlerde Bulgaristan\u2019da iktidarda olan\u00a0kom\u00fcnist rejiminin T\u00fcrklerin T\u00fcrk isimlerini istekleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131na zorba bir politika ile Bulgar\u00a0isimleri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fman\u0131n resmi olarak yasaklanmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00a0ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hapse at\u0131lmalar\u0131 gelmektedir. Bunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin
\na\u00e7l\u0131k grevleri yapmas\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli protestolarla kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 ve olaylar\u0131n d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna\u00a0yans\u0131mas\u0131 sonucu Bulgar H\u00fck\u00fcmeti T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f ve T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funu\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen herkesin (Bulgar kom\u00fcnist rejimine g\u00f6re Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler Osmanl\u0131\u00a0zaman\u0131nda asimile eidilmi\u015f slav Bulgarlard\u0131r) \u00fclkeyi terk etmesi gerekti\u011fi beyan edilmi\u015ftir.
\nBunun sonucunda May\u0131s 1989 \u2013 May\u0131s 1990 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrede
\nBulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye toplam 345 960 ki\u015fi g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan 133 272 ki\u015fi\u00a0Bulgaristan\u2019da kom\u00fcnist rejiminin d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve demokratik y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ilmesi ile \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden dolay\u0131 tekrar Bulgaristan\u2019a geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde halen Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ikamet eden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon n\u00fcfustan olu\u015fan\u00a0bir T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu mevcuttur. Bu topluluk \u00fclkenin siyasi hayat\u0131nda aktif rol almakta ve bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fckten sonra \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015f olan ve Bulgaristan\u2019da da oy hakk\u0131 olan\u00a0Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinden ciddi destek almaktad\u0131rlar. 20\u00a0Buraya kadar sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fumuz bilgiler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinden Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131rsak bu kavram\u0131n zaman i\u00e7erisinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131n dinamik bir \u015fekilde kapsamla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0g\u00f6rebiliriz. Kavram olarak \u015fekillendi\u011fi ilk zamanlarda sadece Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kaybedilen Tuna vilayetinde ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkleri kapsamaktad\u0131r, daha sonra Balkan S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0g\u00fcneyinde ya\u015fayan ve Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na sonradan dahil olan T\u00fcrkleri de kapsam alan\u0131na\u00a0alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, sonras\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgelerden Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7en T\u00fcrkler de Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri olarak
\nliterat\u00fcre ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131 bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Bulgaristan\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler oldu\u011fu gibi, Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkler\u00a0anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131 tarih i\u00e7erisinde \u015fekillenerek somut\u00a0anlam\u0131 olan bir sosyal terim niteli\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBulgar T\u00fcrkleri ve Bulgaristan t\u00fcrkleri kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihteki yolculu\u011funu takip edip\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ne anlama geldiklerini tespit etti\u011fimize g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n bu a\u015famas\u0131nda bu\u00a0kavramlar aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz .<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle olu\u015fum zaman\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri\u00a0kavram\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu her nekadar 5.y\u00fczy\u0131la dayansa da kesin olarak ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan\u00a0bi\u00e7imde 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\u00a0sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir tarihi terimdir ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 9. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonular\u0131na kadar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan\u00a0bir T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.
\nBulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131 ise 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda belli ba\u015fl\u0131 tarihi hadiseler sonucu olu\u015fmu\u015f daha\u00a0\u00e7ok sosyal bir terimdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iki kavram farkl\u0131 zamanlarda, farkl\u0131 anlamlarda ve farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131n terimleri olarak olu\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r.
\nCo\u011frafya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu iken Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri Tuna nehrinin\u2019nin g\u00fcneyinde ve\u00a0Karadeniz\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan topraklarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve halen ya\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri ve Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri farkl\u0131 zamanlarda ve farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f\u00a0topluluklard\u0131r. Zaman ve co\u011frafya anlam\u0131nda aralar\u0131nda herhangi bir ili\u015fki bulunmamaktad\u0131r.
\nKar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iki kavram aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fark birinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelememi\u015f\u00a0bir toplulu\u011fu ifade ediyor olmas\u0131 (Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri), di\u011ferinin ise g\u00fcn\u00fcmzde var olan bir\u00a0toplulu\u011fu (Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri) ifade diyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Neticede var olu\u015f anlam\u0131nda da iki\u00a0kavram aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.
\nK\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan ele al\u0131p ilk olarak toplumlar\u0131 toplum yapan dil unsuruna bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin temsilcisi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7uva\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u00a0say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve Bat\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019nin \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilnmektedir. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin\u00a0kulland\u0131klar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ise muhakkak zamanla de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6stermesiyle beraber g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\u00a0kullan\u0131lan \u015fekli ile Modern O\u011fuz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin Rumeli a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 grubu i\u00e7erisnde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\u00a0\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcnl\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7e i\u00e7inde birle\u015fti\u011fi bilinmektedir.21 Bu anlamda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kavramlar\u0131n ifade\u00a0etti\u011fi iki topluluk ta her nekadar birbirinden farkl\u0131 olsalar da sonu\u00e7 itibari ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dilini\u00a0kullanm\u0131\u015f ve kullan\u0131l\u0131yor olmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hafif te olsa bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011fu kabul edilebilir.
\nK\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli unsuru olan din a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri dini\u00a0inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda totamizmin geli\u015fti\u011fi ve kurt, kartal gibi totemleri olan ayn\u0131 zamanda da semavi\u00a0h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan bir tanr\u0131ya inand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin dini ise \u015f\u00fcphesiz\u00a0\u0130slamd\u0131r zira Anadolu\u2019dan Rumeli\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmelerinin temel nedenlerinden biri bu topraklar\u0131\u00a0\u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rmak olmu\u015ftur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dini a\u00e7\u0131dan inceledi\u011fimiz iki toplum aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki veya benzerlik bulunmamaktad\u0131r\u00a0 Yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda iki kavram aras\u0131nda var oldu\u011fu\u00a0say\u0131labilecek uzaktan da olsa bir dil ili\u015fkisi \u00f6tesinde herhangi bir ili\u015fki bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7
\nBulgar t\u00fcrkleri ve Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri farkl\u0131 zamanlarda olu\u015fmu\u015f ve farkl\u0131 anlamlar\u0131 olmakla beraber, aralar\u0131nda iki toplumun da kulland\u0131klar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dil anlam\u0131nda \u00e7ok hafif bir ortak\u00a0nokta olan, iki farkl\u0131 kavramd\u0131r. Bu kavramlar\u0131n e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 son derece yanl\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler\u2019i ifade anlam\u0131nda Bulgar\u00a0T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bu topluma tarihten izleri birnevi silinmi\u015f bir topluluk ad\u0131\u00a0verilmi\u015f gibi olur. Di\u011fer taraftan, Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyinde 9. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar var olmu\u015f bir T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011funu Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri olarak ifade etmek te bu toplulu\u011fu kendinden on as\u0131r sonra ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan topluluk ad\u0131n\u0131 vermek gibi olacakt\u0131r. Her iki kullan\u0131m \u015fekli de yanl\u0131\u015f\u00a0ve yersiz olacakt\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinde ve \u00f6zellikle gazetecilik dilinde Bulgaristan\u2019da\u00a0ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler veya oradan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrkler anlam\u0131nda ne yaz\u0131k ki Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamuoyunda da bu\u00a0kavram yanl\u0131\u015f tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup asl\u0131 olmayan bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>