D\u00fcnyan\u0131n 158 \u00fclkesinde kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonominin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011ferlendiren Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu (IMF) verilerine g\u00f6re Bulgaristan\u2019da 1991-2015 d\u00f6neminde gri ekonominin ortalama seviyesi y\u00fczde 29,17 oran\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkemizi Balkanlar’daki ve Avrupa’daki liderler aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftiriyor ve k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta Afrika’daki seviyelere yakla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde gri ekonominin Bulgaristan’daki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 20,83 ile y\u00fczde 35,3 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti. Avrupa ortalamas\u0131na g\u00f6re Bulgaristan i\u00e7in g\u00f6stergeler son derece y\u00fcksek. Bu g\u00f6stergeler, bizi ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortalama g\u00f6stergelerinin y\u00fczde 30,14 oldu\u011fu Romanya’ya yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle y\u00fcksek gri ekonomi oran\u0131na sahip AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Avrupa \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6n s\u0131ralarda y\u00fczde 38,42 oranla Rusya bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
Bulgaristan’\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsak, veriler rahatlat\u0131c\u0131 olmamal\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Afrika \u00fclkeleri ve Pakistan’a yakla\u015f\u0131yoruz. 2017 verilerine g\u00f6re, Bulgaristan, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomide 31 Avrupa \u00fclkesinin ekonomisi aras\u0131nda birinci s\u0131rada bulunuyor. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi, y\u00fczde 29,6’l\u0131k pay al\u0131yor ve bu bak\u0131mdan di\u011fer Balkan kom\u015fular\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeyiz. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu oran y\u00fczde 27, 2, H\u0131rvatistan\u2019da y\u00fczde 26,5, Romanya\u2019da ise y\u00fczde 26, 3\u2019t\u00fcr. Son on y\u0131lda ekonomisi ve mali yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6ken Yunanistan, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bizden \u00e7ok daha iyi sonu\u00e7lar g\u00f6sterdi. Orada kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi y\u00fczde 21, 5 oran\u0131ndad\u0131r. Avrupa’da kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi oran\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan \u00fclkeler \u0130svi\u00e7re (y\u00fczde 6), Avusturya (y\u00fczde 7, 1) ve L\u00fcksemburg\u2019dur (y\u00fczde 8, 2). Bu \u00fclkelerin ard\u0131ndan gelen, Bulgaristan’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan Hollanda\u2019da bu oran y\u00fczde 8,4\u2019t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 yapanlar, IMF Afrika B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde g\u00f6revli ekonomist Leandro Medina ve Linz’de bulunan Kepler \u00dcniversitesi’nde g\u00f6revli ekonomist Friedrich Schneider’dir.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, IMF\u2019nin \u201cWorking Papers\u201d (\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Yaz\u0131lar\u0131) rapor dizisi kapsam\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, gri ekonomiyi de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in yeni istatistiksel y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk anketlerden biridir. 1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar ekonomistler genelde gri sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ulusal muhasebe sistemindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klara dayanarak de\u011ferlendiler ve bir\u00e7ok vakada i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 analizi, enerji t\u00fcketimi, para devir h\u0131z\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 daha az do\u011fru y\u00f6ntem kulland\u0131lar.<\/p>