{"id":22832,"date":"2017-04-19T01:05:48","date_gmt":"2017-04-18T22:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=22832"},"modified":"2017-04-19T01:05:48","modified_gmt":"2017-04-18T22:05:48","slug":"okulsuz-olamayiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/okulsuz-olamayiz\/","title":{"rendered":"Okulsuz Olamay\u0131z!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Muazzez YURDAKUL<\/p>\n<p>TAR\u0130H: 18 Nisan 2017<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Konu: <strong>Okul, e\u011fitim ilerlemenin temellidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uluslar aras\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler harfiyen uygulansa sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2455077809\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tuna valili\u011finde ya\u015farken kimsenin okul sorunu yoktu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi \u00fcst\u00fcne yay\u0131nlanan bilgilerin \u00e7o\u011fu aldat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>2 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Bulgaristan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Alman \u201c <strong>Konrad Adenauer<\/strong>\u201d vakf\u0131 sipari\u015f ve para deste\u011fiyle \u201c<strong>Alfa Ri\u00e7ars<\/strong>\u201d anket ajans\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sosyolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rma, \u201cBulgaristanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Sosyal ve Dini D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde Yeni E\u011filimler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Sofya Y\u00fcksek \u0130slam Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnce 2017\u2019de yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Konumuz: Okul ve e\u011fitimdir. Hangi geleneklerden geliyoruz ki, bug\u00fcn yaln\u0131z 3 \u0130mam Hatip Lisemiz ve bir \u0130mam Hatip Enstit\u00fcm\u00fczden ba\u015fka ayd\u0131nl\u0131k oca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yok!<\/p>\n<p>1990\u2019dan beri 420 \u00c7ingene gen\u00e7 \u00dcniversite bitirdi, fakat hepsi i\u015f aramak amac\u0131yla d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere ka\u00e7t\u0131. Bu gen\u00e7ler % 43\u2019\u00fc okuma yazma bilmeyen \u00c7ingenelerin ikamet etti\u011fi GETTO \u2013 lar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131p belirli bir ayd\u0131n d\u00fczeye eri\u015febilmi\u015fler, fakat Bulgaristan\u2019da i\u015f kuramam\u0131\u015f ve bir baltaya sap olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Onlar 138 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda bir tek \u00c7ingene Okulu bina edememi\u015f, hatta ana dillerinde halk\u0131 kucaklayan bir gazete ve dergi bile \u00e7\u0131karamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3769167169\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrk etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klara a\u00e7\u0131k bir e\u011fitim reformuna yana\u015fmayanlar manevi k\u00f6reltme ve eritme siyaseti izliyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimli\u011fin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumu ve gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in belirleyici olan e\u011fitimdir. Onun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc derecesi ise k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizi ve maddi ve manevi miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ne kadar derin ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bildi\u011fimizdir. Herkes tarihini, edebiyat dilini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc okulda \u00f6\u011frenmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizi, t\u00f6re ve geleneklerimizi, ahlak\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ya\u015fatmadan gelece\u011fimizi kuramay\u0131z. Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi ocak hep okul olmu\u015ftur. Bulgar okulunda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenme olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Bulgar okullar\u0131ndaki tarih, edebiyat ve sosyal bilimler \u00f6\u011fretmenleri sicilli T\u00fcrk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0Bulgaristan okullar\u0131n\u0131n programsal hedefi bizi manevi k\u00f6klerimizden kopar\u0131p silkmek ve ruhsal karanl\u0131\u011fa itmektir. 138 y\u0131ldan beri geli\u015firken kararan bu durum 2007\u2019de Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne girmemizle niteliksel de\u011fi\u015fiklik kaydetmedi. Hatta durum daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti. Ge\u00e7im derdine d\u00fc\u015fen etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klardan, hele Romen kesimden ana-babalar, sosyal yard\u0131m almak i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 okula g\u00f6nderirken, genel ilgisizlik sonucu okuma-yazmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeden okul bitirenlerin diplomal\u0131 ordusu olu\u015f ve kalabala\u015f\u0131yor. Bulgar e\u011fitim sistemi k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir e\u011fitim reformuyla etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n anadillerinde ve kendileri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, edebiyat ve sanatlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgilenme ve geleneklerine uygun ya\u015fama haklar\u0131 tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ya\u015fatabilmemiz i\u00e7in anadilimizi ve halk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenmeliyiz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Maneviyat\u0131 olu\u015fturan de\u011ferlerin i\u00e7i giderek bo\u015fald\u0131. Edebiyat ve sanat\u0131 nesilden nesle devretmek i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lan kitaplar hurdaya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131nca hayat sanki \u00f6ks\u00fcz kald\u0131. Okulda anadil dersi g\u00f6rmeyen, dil k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc k\u00f6y a\u011fz\u0131na tak\u0131lan, y\u00f6resel leh\u00e7eyi a\u015famayanlar s\u00f6z\u00fcn tam anlam\u0131yla cahil kald\u0131lar. Yap\u0131lan ankette Bulgaristan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerinden % 20\u2019si y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenimli \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Bu do\u011fru olamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu rakam % 1-2\u2019yi a\u015fm\u0131yor. Belki de T\u00fcrk isimleriyle Bulgar \u00dcniversitesi bitirenlerin o kadar olabilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc son 27 y\u0131lda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelip Bulgar Y\u00fcksek Okullar\u0131nda okuyan toplam 50 bin k\u00fcsur gen\u00e7 vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk dilini iyi biliyoruz cevab\u0131n\u0131 verenlere, \u201c<strong>Nerede \u00f6\u011frendiniz<\/strong>?\u201d sorusu sorulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc anadilimiz T\u00fcrk\u00e7emizle e\u011fitim veren ana-okulumuz, ilk ve ortaokulumuz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, son 17 y\u0131lda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7e derslerine giren \u00f6\u011frencilerimizin say\u0131s\u0131na 10 defa azald\u0131. Ancak 9 bindir. Bu arada Sofya \u00dcniversitesi Do\u011fu Dilleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e okuyan yerli T\u00fcrklerimizden \u00f6\u011frenci yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. Ne de olsa \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 2017 \u015fansl\u0131 bir y\u0131ld\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc okul \u00f6ncesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, dil kurslar\u0131 ve okullardaki ders ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n T.C. den kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131zda bu y\u0131l \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131labildi. Bundan b\u00f6yle d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki T\u00fcrklere y\u00f6nelik, \u015fiir, destan ve masal dinletme, okuyup yazma ve s\u00f6z, kavram, de\u011fim ve atas\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6z\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik yeni daha zengin yay\u0131nlar bekliyoruz. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Bulgar devleti, d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki Bulgar \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in 190 anaokulu, ilkokul, dil okulu, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 merkezi a\u00e7t\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, fakat etnik az\u0131nl\u0131k \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ruhunu a\u00e7ma yolunda 70 y\u0131ldan beri bir ad\u0131m atmad\u0131, atmak isteyenleri de s\u00fcrekli engelliyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde T\u00fcrk liseleri ve \u00dcniversiteleri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc umutlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini bekliyor. Bu bak\u0131ma Makedonya, Kosova ve Bosna bizi ge\u00e7ti. T\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bayram ediyor. Biz d\u00fcnya T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile kayna\u015farak g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeliyiz.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4233593444\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n ruhsal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc durdurma yolunda at\u0131lacak ilk ad\u0131m k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir e\u011fitim reformu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eimdiki durumu analiz eden uzmanlar Bulgaristan\u2019a yeni bir e\u011fitim modeli gerekli oldu\u011fu konusunda birle\u015fiyorlar. \u201c<strong>Bulgar Etnik Modeli<\/strong>\u201d rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>Geni\u015f kitlede olu\u015fan kan\u0131ya g\u00f6re, yeni e\u011fitim sistemi az\u0131nl\u0131klardan \u00f6\u011frencilere etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcr, tarih, anadil ve din konular\u0131nda derin bilgi sunmak zorundad\u0131r. Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6rle\u015ftiren bir millet uygar olamaz. <\/strong>Bu arada az\u0131nl\u0131k tarihinin \u00f6\u011fretilmesi, geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 dil-din bilgisiyle birlikte anadil ve etnik edebiyat okutulmas\u0131 zorunlu olmu\u015ftur. 2015\u2019te M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumda yap\u0131lan sosyolojik anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 2 y\u0131l sonra durumu do\u011fru yans\u0131tm\u0131yor diyebiliriz. \u00a0T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen ana-babalar\u0131n y\u00fcksek sesi i\u015fitilmelidir. Son se\u00e7imlerde tek oy atmayan T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yleri var. Devletin e\u011fitim ve sosyal politikas\u0131 etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karma b\u00f6lgelerde protesto edildi. Yeni durumda yap\u0131lacak, e\u011fitim reformu vatanda\u015f kimli\u011fi olu\u015ftururken etniklerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve etnik kimli\u011fini de bi\u00e7imlenmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00fcstlendi fakat yerine getirmiyor. Fa\u015fist milliyet\u00e7i ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 dalgan\u0131n kabarmas\u0131, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n hak arama davas\u0131n\u0131 2014\u2019ten beri \u00e7ok zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve gerginlik yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n imza alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama uygulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin Ekonomik, K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve E\u011fitim Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi;<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-583769338\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletlerin Ulusal, Etnik, Din ve Dil Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 Haklar\u0131n\u0131 Savunmak \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7er\u00e7eve Antla\u015fmas\u0131;<\/p>\n<p>OCCE \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn Ulusal Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 Savunma \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi vb etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerimizi savunarak, geli\u015fimlerine yol a\u00e7may\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Savunulmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi: Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmede etnik, dini, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dil az\u0131nl\u0131k kimli\u011finin savunulmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in olanak sa\u011flan\u0131p destek g\u00f6sterilmesi isteniyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk kimlimizin e\u011fitimsel dayanaklar\u0131: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk e\u011fitiminin sa\u011flam k\u00f6kleri Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6nemine dayan\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1628491969\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131la gelinceye kadar T\u00fcrk ve Bulgar e\u011fitimi yaln\u0131z din esas\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrklerin camilere dayal\u0131 medreseleriyle mahalle mektepleri vard\u0131r. Bulgarlar\u0131n da mahalle okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz anlam\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019da okullar ge\u00e7en asr\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6nce 1835\u2019te ilk modern Bulgar ak\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Paras\u0131n\u0131 Aprilov ad\u0131nda bir Rus t\u00fcccar vermi\u015fti.\u00a0 \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra, 1838\u2019de, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da ilk T\u00fcrk r\u00fc\u015ftiye okullar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. O zaman r\u00fc\u015ftiye, Avrupai anlamda T\u00fcrk okulu demekti. T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc halk\u0131n omuzlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan, insanlar\u0131m\u0131zda derin okuma, \u00f6\u011frenme, ayd\u0131nlanma sevgisi mayalanm\u0131\u015f ve bu \u0131\u015f\u0131k yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca s\u00f6nmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>1864\u2019te \u201cTuna Vilayeti\u201d kuruldu. Tuna Nehri ile Kocabalkan aras\u0131na yay\u0131lan bu vilayet, e\u011fitim reformu da bunlar aras\u0131nda, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u201c<strong>pilot b\u00f6lgesi<\/strong>\u201d g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fti. Reformlar\u0131 vali Mithat Pa\u015fa y\u00f6netti. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frencilerini ba\u011fda\u015f kurmaktan kald\u0131r\u0131p rahleye oturtan o oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Okumay\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla, yeni yay\u0131na ge\u00e7en \u201c<strong>Tuna<\/strong>\u201d gazetesi, \u00e7e\u015fitli kasabalardaki r\u00fc\u015ftiye \u00f6\u011frencilerine paras\u0131z da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Okul haberlerine \u00f6ncelikli yer verdi. 15 cami, 3 medrese, 23 okul, 6 tekke ile 5 mescit ve 1 r\u00fc\u015ftiyesi olan T\u0131rnova \u00f6nemli bir e\u011fitim merkezi oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Vali Mithat Pa\u015fa, Plevne kazas\u0131 naibine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi buyurultusunda \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201c<strong>okul her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1618272410\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1875 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin <strong>Tuna vilayetinde 2. 700 kadar ilkokul vard\u0131<\/strong>. Yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l vilayette 150 kadar medrese ve 40 kadar r\u00fc\u015ftiye vard\u0131. R\u00fc\u015ftiyeler \u015fu kasabalardayd\u0131: Rus\u00e7uk sanca\u011f\u0131nda Rus\u00e7uk, \u015eumen, Razgrat, Eskicuma, Zi\u015ftovi ve Plevne; Vidin sanca\u011f\u0131nda Vidin, Lom, Be4lgrad\u00e7ik, Berkov\u00e7a, \u0130vraca, Rahova; Sofya sanca\u011f\u0131nda Sofya, Dubni\u00e7a, K\u00fcstendil, Samakov, \u0130zladi; T\u0131rnova sanca\u011f\u0131nda T\u0131rnova, Lof\u00e7a, Osmanpazar\u0131 ve Selvi: Varna sanca\u011f\u0131nda Varna, Bal\u00e7\u0131k ve H.Pazarc\u0131k kasabalar\u0131nda birer r\u00fc\u015ftiye vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, bir irfan oca\u011f\u0131 da olan camilerimizin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yleydi: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sofya\u2019da 72, \u015eumnuda 40, Rus\u00e7\u0131k\u2019da 29, Vidin\u2019de 24, T\u0131rnova\u2019da 22, Lov\u00e7a\u2019da 20, Hac\u0131o\u011flu Osmanc\u0131kta 20, Zi\u015ftovi\u2019de 19, Ni\u011fbo\u011fluu\u2019da 18, Plevne\u2019de 18, Mecidiye\u2019de 18, Varna\u2019da 16, Eskicumada 17, Razgrad, Bal\u00e7\u0131k, Kostendil, Dubnitsa kasabalar\u0131n\u0131n her birinde 11\u2019er, Samakov ve Osmanpazar kasaba\u015far\u0131nda 10\u2019ar cami vs g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. O y\u0131llarda Tuna vilayeti \u201c<strong>Bulgar topra\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u201d gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reform d\u00f6neminde (1856 \u2013 1876) Bulgar okullar\u0131 da h\u0131zla artt\u0131<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>1855\u2019te t\u00fcm Bulgaristan\u2019da Bulgarlar\u0131n 588 okulu vard\u0131.\u00a0 Bu say\u0131 1865\u2019te 986\u2019ya, 1870\u2019te 1.217\u2019ye ve 1877\u2019de 1.504 \u2018de y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l <strong>T\u00fcrklerin yaln\u0131z Tuna vilayetinde 2.890 okulu vard\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0 Okul say\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkler Bulgarlardan \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-505740963\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>N\u00fcfus bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise Tuna vilayetinde Bulgarlarla T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda e\u015fitlik vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Tuna vilayetinin alt\u0131 sanca\u011f\u0131nda <strong>1. 026. 025 Bulgar ve 1. 148. 954 Bulgar olmayan<\/strong> n\u00fcfus ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Yani Tuna vilayetinde Bulgarlar az\u0131nl\u0131kt\u0131. 1878\u2019de Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla Do\u011fu Rumeli Vilayeti haline getirilen ve 1885\u2019te Bulgaristan\u2019a kat\u0131lan \u0130slimye ve Filibe sancaklar\u0131nda ise Bulgarlar daha da az\u0131nl\u0131ktayd\u0131.\u00a0 \u201c<strong>93 Harbinden<\/strong>\u201d sonra bu topraklarda <strong>fakir ve cahil bir tabaka<\/strong> kald\u0131. Sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda ve sava\u015ftan sonra T\u00fcrkler g\u00f6\u00e7e zorland\u0131, evleri k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131ld\u0131 talan edildi, evlerine Bulgar aile yerle\u015ftirildi, ba\u011f bah\u00e7e, topraklar yeni sahiplerine verilirken, manevi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fam\u0131n maddi dayanaklar\u0131 yok edildi. 1977\u201379 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Filibe sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Tatar Pazarc\u0131k kazas\u0131nda ve yaln\u0131z kaza merkezinde <strong>938 T\u00fcrk evi, cami ve medrese yak\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong>. Sava\u015ftan \u00f6nce sancak merkezi Filibe\u2019de 80 cami, medrese ve okul vard\u0131. 1879\u2019da ancak 5 adet kalm\u0131\u015f, 75\u2019i tak\u0131l\u0131k y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 11 medreseden hepsi yok edilmi\u015ftir. 18 T\u00fcrk okulundan ancak 2 tanesi ayakta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Berlin Kongresi devam ederken, Tarnovo Kurucu Meclis toplant\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda medrese ve okullara sald\u0131r\u0131lar devam etmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmeti olay\u0131 bir\u00e7ok nota ile protesto etmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 notalar\u0131na ald\u0131rmayan Bulgar makamlar\u0131 Sofya \u015fehrindeki \u201c<strong>Ta\u015f Mektep<\/strong>\u201d ad\u0131yla bilinen vak\u0131f okulunu 1880\u2019de y\u0131km\u0131\u015f, \u201c<strong>Sakall\u0131 Ahmet A\u011fa Medresesini<\/strong>\u201d ise yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk komiserli\u011finin protestolar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, okul ve medrese binalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Bulgarlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na devam olunmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu defa B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletlere ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletler Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzac\u0131s\u0131 ve bir t\u00fcr <strong>garant\u00f6r\u00fc durumundayd\u0131lar<\/strong>. Bu antla\u015fman\u0131n V. maddesiyle de, Bulgaristan\u2019daki T\u00fcrklere az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131, milli k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama uygulanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131nm\u0131yordu. 22 Aral\u0131k 1881 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Bulgaristan\u2019dan \u015fik\u00e2yetleri B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletlere yeniden iletilmi\u015fti. BU konuda o zamandan beri de\u011fi\u015fen bir \u015fey yoktur.<\/p>\n<p>Bu protestolarla, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin Sofya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti nezdinde giri\u015fimlerde bulunup T\u00fcrk mektep ve medreselerinin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 durdurmalar\u0131 isteniyordu. Ama gene de y\u0131k\u0131mlar, aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak yer devam etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 1877 \u2013 1886 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrk okul ve medrese binalar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k <strong>1\u00a0500 kadar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1977 \u2013 1886 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetledi\u011fimizde \u015fu denilebilir:<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-3791080654\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Bir<\/strong>) Bu y\u0131llar i\u00e7ersinde Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn hoca ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerini kaybetmi\u015fler, ba\u015fs\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretmen bulmak, yeti\u015ftirmek i\u015fi as\u0131l bundan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ki<\/strong>) T\u00fcrk mektep ve medrese binalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yak\u0131l\u0131p yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n yerine yenilerini koymak kolay olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00dc\u00e7<\/strong>) Bu d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrklerin ekonomik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri yok olmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 \u00e7ok yoksul d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu y\u00fczden ayakta kalan T\u00fcrk mektep ve medreselerini ya\u015fat\u0131p geli\u015ftirmek T\u00fcrk toplumu i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fck olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00f6rt<\/strong>) T\u00fcrk vak\u0131f mallar\u0131 geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ya\u011fma ve gasp edilmi\u015ftir. Yani T\u00fcrk mektep ve medreseleri i\u00e7in gelir kaynaklar\u0131 son derece daralt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131m\u0131za bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ilk darbe, biz toparlan\u0131p dirildik\u00e7e yinelemi\u015ftir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3682335733\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Biz b\u00f6yle bir temelden y\u00fckseldik. \u00d6l\u00fcler de diriler de bizdendir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fctfen payla\u015f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1653574678\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2124682611\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Muazzez YURDAKUL TAR\u0130H: 18 Nisan 2017 &nbsp; Konu: Okul, e\u011fitim ilerlemenin temellidir. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uluslar aras\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler harfiyen uygulansa sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tuna valili\u011finde ya\u015farken kimsenin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":15620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/muazzezz.jpg?fit=182%2C216&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-5Wg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22832"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22832\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}