{"id":20723,"date":"2016-09-25T19:01:04","date_gmt":"2016-09-25T16:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=20723"},"modified":"2016-09-25T19:01:04","modified_gmt":"2016-09-25T16:01:04","slug":"milliyetcilik-bir-yedektir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/milliyetcilik-bir-yedektir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cMilliyet\u00e7ilik Bir Yedektir\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>BGSAM<\/p>\n<p>Konu: 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir feylesofun (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn) g\u00f6z\u00fcnden s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar sorunu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Der Spigel<\/strong>\u201d \u2013 Alman dergisi. \u00c7eviridir.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/alm-zeng.jpg?resize=640%2C603\" alt=\"alm-zeng\" width=\"640\" height=\"603\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zigmunt Bauman<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2228403706\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u00d6tekinden, tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan korku ne de olsa bir i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel (insiyaki) bir tepkisel kar\u015f\u0131 eylemdir, do\u011furdu\u011fu netice ise temas kurmay\u0131 kabul etmemedir. Yerliler ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar (g\u00f6\u00e7menler) ayn\u0131 ortamda yan yana ama birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131yorlar. Onlar birlikte olamazlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Yan\u0131t: <\/strong>Onlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ran, g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen susmak \u00e7izgisidir. Sosyal ve bedensel yak\u0131nl\u0131k insanl\u0131k tarihinde uzun zaman birbirine s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yabanc\u0131 olmak devaml\u0131 bir durum haline gelmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6\u00e7menleri elimine etme de\u011fil, onlarla kom\u015fu olarak ya\u015famak olacakt\u0131r modern toplumlar\u0131n sorunu. Sosyal ve fiziksel yak\u0131n olmay\u0131 uyulmama kurallar\u0131 bozulmu\u015ftur. Meydana gelen tamamen yani bir durumdur: Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 olmas\u0131 art\u0131k ge\u00e7ici bir karga\u015fa olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan i\u00e7inden gizlice onlar bir g\u00fcn mutlaka giderler umuduyla ya\u015fasa da, yabanc\u0131lar gitmek istemedikleri gibi, onlar kal\u0131yor ve gitmemekte ayak diriyorlar. Yabanc\u0131lar konuk ya da ziyaret\u00e7i de\u011fildir, onlar d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131z gibi de davranm\u0131yor, ne ki onlar bizim iyi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z da de\u011fildir. Yerel kurallar, al\u0131\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131 yerel ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi ve onlar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin s\u00fcrekli belirtilmesi, kendilerini yabanc\u0131 olarak belirliyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rne\u011fin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fallar ve burkalarla belirlenmi\u015f olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, onlar\u0131n yabanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fka biri olu\u015flar\u0131 damgalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131n\u0131n bizden biri olmadan yan\u0131m\u0131zda olu\u015fu, yabanc\u0131 kavram\u0131 ve do\u011furdu\u011fu i\u00e7 \u00e7elikliler nas\u0131l a\u015f\u0131labilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan, \u00f6nce s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan durumu g\u00f6rebilmelidir. O, zul\u00fcmden, bask\u0131lardan, afetten, sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7an ve vatan\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden, fakat m\u00fclteci olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kendisine yeni bir vatan teklif edilmeyen biridir.\u00a0 S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar, havas\u0131z bir bo\u015flukta as\u0131l\u0131 duran ki\u015filerdir, onlar ne g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ne de yerle\u015fiklerdir. Bundan dolay\u0131 onlar, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u00fcresel deh\u015fetinin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 (kayna\u011f\u0131) gibi g\u00f6sterilip, meydanlarda yak\u0131lan korkuluk rol\u00fc kendilerine uygun bulunuyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131namayan g\u00f6\u00e7ler yerle\u015fik d\u00fczeni bozuyor. Ataca ocaklar\u0131ndan kopmalar\u0131ndan kendimizi sorumlu bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fu yeni gelenler, bize yaralanabilir ve g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z merhametin \u00e7ok nazik oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatm\u0131yorlar m\u0131? <\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-1090366433\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck klasik <strong>Bertolt Breht<\/strong>\u2019in \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7e Zorlama Manzaras\u0131\u201d \u015fiirinde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201cyakla\u015fan felaketin habercisidir.\u201d O, k\u00f6t\u00fc haberleri, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve uzakta kopan f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 evimizin be\u015fi\u011fine ta\u015f\u0131yand\u0131r. O, \u00e7ok uzakta harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan, fakat bizim hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da alt\u00fcst edebilecek kudrete sahip olan, gemlenmesi ve anlat\u0131labilmesi \u00e7ok zor k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7ler var oldu\u011funa bir i\u015farettir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6tekinin d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan neden her defas\u0131nda bu tehlikeli mesajlar\u0131n \u201chabercileri\u201d su\u00e7lu tutuluyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adresi de\u011fi\u015ftirilen hiddet s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131ya y\u00f6neliyor. Suland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f modern olabilme ortam\u0131nda, bize yard\u0131m edebilecek herhangi birinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve var olu\u015fumuzun g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fi ortam\u0131nda endi\u015fe ve zavall\u0131l\u0131k duygular\u0131 kurban ar\u0131yor. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu korkulardan kendileri i\u00e7in yarar sa\u011flama se\u00e7imlerdeki oy avc\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in bulunmaz bir \u015fanst\u0131r. Bilinmeyenden biriken korku kendine idareci ar\u0131yor. \u0130stemedi\u011fimiz ve tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yabanc\u0131lardan bizi koruma vaatleri\u00a0 &#8211; hayal edemedi\u011fimiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc kovma ve bizi koruma vaatleridir bunlar. Hayalet korkudan insanlar\u0131 koruma ve kurtarman\u0131n modern edebiyattaki ismi \u2013ekzorsizimdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pop\u00fclist politikac\u0131 \u015faman ve \u015farlatand\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz siyaseti yerel g\u00fcvensizlik temeline oturur. Bu siyasetin etki alan\u0131 yerel olsa da, onu g\u00fcncel \u00f6nemli oyuncu yapan sorunlarsa, k\u00fcreseldir. Biz, modernli\u011fin kat\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131ndan suland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, buharla\u015fan a\u015famas\u0131na, siyasetin de iktidardan giderek daha fazla uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7a\u011fa ge\u00e7iyoruz. K\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin yanan ocaklar\u0131 ulusal devletlerin kontrol\u00fcnden uzakla\u015f\u0131yor. Politik kurumlar yeni g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131yla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kacak durumda olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabulleniyorlar. Kaynayan toplumsal ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131m art\u0131k topluluk olu\u015fturmuyor. Milli devletlerin belirli bir toprak \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fi de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve a\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. Milli devlet problem \u00e7\u00f6zme yetisini yitiriyor ve b\u00f6ylece koruyan olabilme i\u015flevi de elden gidiyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3025969512\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Hedefler ve ara\u00e7lar aras\u0131ndaki giderek artan uyumsuzlukla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kamayan ulusal devlet \u00e7er\u00e7evesine gereksinim g\u00f6ren demokrasi git gide yeniliyor<\/strong> <strong>mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Demokrasi bunal\u0131m\u0131 belirtilerini en parlak bi\u00e7imde vatanda\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerinde okuyabiliriz. Siyaset\u00e7ilerin \u00e7aresizli\u011fi, se\u00e7enek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, durumun de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilmesine yol ve \u00e7are bulamay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131\u015flar\u0131, s\u0131radan vatanda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z yenilgi olarak kabul ediliyor. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bay ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bayan simas\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fcncelle\u015fmi\u015f \u015feklini Birle\u015fik Amerika\u2019da Donald Tump ve Fransa\u2019da Mar ile Pen, farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde hareket edilebilir iddialar\u0131nda, onlar\u0131n ki\u015fisel simalar\u0131n\u0131n bir se\u00e7enek sundu\u011fu beyanlar\u0131nda sergileniyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tel ve beton set \u00e7ekme, seyahat yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulama ve g\u00f6\u00e7menleri geldikleri \u00fclkelere geri g\u00f6nderme gibi fikirlerin cazibeli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor musunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Milliyet\u00e7ilik ile etnik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe inand\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131 tamamen da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir toplumda b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirici unsurlar\u0131 bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na kan\u0131tt\u0131r. Milli devletlerin g\u00fcc\u00fc art\u0131k asla geri gelmeyecektir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck anakentleri yeni karmakar\u0131\u015f\u0131k topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n laboratuar\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu topluluklarda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ya\u015famay\u0131 isteyenler veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ya\u015famaya kar\u015f\u0131 olanlar aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131ndaki pl\u00fcralizmde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131lmak ya da par\u00e7alanmak yalan bir arzudur. Kap\u0131lar k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve art\u0131k kapanm\u0131yor. Ulus devletin kendisine ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 istemesi \u00fc\u00e7 esasa dayan\u0131rd\u0131: d\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 askeri g\u00fcvenlik; i\u00e7erde ge\u00e7imli ve mutlu ya\u015fama ve dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bu sa\u00e7 aya\u011f\u0131 art\u0131k k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n bir g\u00fcn kendilerini \u201cherkes herkese kar\u015f\u0131\u201d sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir d\u00fcnyada bulmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ne yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r? \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve g\u00fcvenlik garant\u00f6r\u00fc olan Tomas Hobs\u2019un yeni zamanlar\u0131n tam ba\u015f\u0131ndan ulusal devletine kar\u015f\u0131 ne yapmal\u0131!<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-4103901261\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Genel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc sahibi son b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlardan biri olan <strong>Umberto Eko<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 veren ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda temel fark g\u00f6zetlenmesinde \u0131srarl\u0131yd\u0131. Politik pratikte bu iki kavram s\u00fcrekli yer de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet insanlar\u0131n bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesini planlayabilir. Fakat d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 vermek bir do\u011fal olgu olarak kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulamaz. Di\u015fa g\u00f6\u00e7 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir ve her an ba\u015flayabilir. Deprem ve sunam\u0131 gibidir ve ulus devletin kurallar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak geli\u015fir. G\u00f6\u00e7 edenler b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin anakentlerinde diaspora olarak ya\u011f\u0131yorlar ve bu olay \u00f6nceden planlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Londra\u2019da 70 dil, din, etnik, ideolojik topluluk ya\u015f\u0131yor. XIX yy g\u00f6\u00e7ebelerinden farkl\u0131 olarak onlar birbirine kayna\u015fm\u0131yor, b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey g\u00f6zlense bile y\u00fczeyseldir. Almanya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler \u00f6rnek vatanda\u015f olma \u00e7abas\u0131ndad\u0131r, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrk kalmak istiyorlar. Neden mi? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar g\u00f6\u00e7 veren ve g\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u00fclkenin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Fakat biz g\u00f6\u00e7 veren ve g\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u00fclkeleri birbirine e\u015fitle\u015ftirirken, sanki bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin Londra, Berlin veya Paris taraf\u0131ndan planlanm\u0131\u015f yada s\u00fcrekli denetlenebilen s\u00fcre\u00e7ler olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden, yan\u0131l\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u00fcresel sorunlara, ulusal ya da yerel ara\u00e7larla hakim olma denemelerimiz toslayacak m\u0131? Hedef, herkesin bir huyla gibi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dua etti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme (entegrasyon) mudur?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u0131ra bekleyen ve bazen da i\u00e7eri sokulan, \u00c7ekinerek ve bazen de do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile bile geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler dedi\u011fimiz, moderncili\u011fin davet edilmeden gelen ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u0131ra bekleyen ve bazen da i\u00e7eri s\u0131zan \u00f6rnekleri var. Bu olay\u0131 Almanya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyologu <strong>Ulrich Beck<\/strong> \u015f\u00f6yle form\u00fcle etmi\u015fti: Ho\u015fumuza gitse de gitmese de kozmopolit bir durumda, pek g\u00fcvenli olmayan s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ve evrensel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak zorunday\u0131z. Eksik olan yan\u0131m\u0131z bizim kozmopolit bilincimizin olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uyum sa\u011flayamayanlar kamplara kapan\u0131yor. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n kamplara t\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve uzan zaman orada kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in deme\u00e7 veren Avrupal\u0131 siyaset adamlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131yor. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Onlar s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara insan hurdas\u0131 olarak bak\u0131yor. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar ne olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kendileri belirleyebilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f ki\u015filerdir. Onlar yasalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan ve kendi kimliklerini belirleyebilme haklar\u0131na sahip olmayan insanlard\u0131r. Onlar niteliksiz tirilmi\u015f insanlard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 hayal etmek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek bile zor oldu.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3749966779\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Onlar\u0131n kozmopolit bilin\u00e7te yeri yoktur. Ayn\u0131 olanlar\u0131n toplulu\u011funa s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma gere\u011fi evrensellik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyor mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Siz \u201c<strong>retrotopi<\/strong>\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fittiniz mi?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hay\u0131r, i\u015fitmedim, fakat ne demek istedi\u011finizi kavr\u0131yorum.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu benim son tasar\u0131m\u0131nd\u0131r. Yeni kitab\u0131m\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201cRetrotopi\u201d olacak. Bundan 500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Momas Mor\u00a0 \u201c\u00dctopi\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kimsenin olmayan b\u015fr topra\u011f\u0131n plan\u0131n\u0131, bug\u00fcn de ger\u00e7ek olmayan daha iyi bir yeri anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Retrotopi ise olmayan bir yer, ama olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in olmayan bir yer de\u011fil, daha \u00f6nce var oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in olmayan bir yerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00dctopiden farkl\u0131 olarak retrotopi,\u00a0 bizi \u0131\u015f\u0131k verip el sallayan ama geri getiremedi\u011fimiz ge\u00e7mi\u015fi sembolize edendir.<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-4070766859\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Biz, g\u00fcvenebilece\u011fimiz bir d\u00fcnyada ya\u015famak istiyoruz. Uyumlu ya\u015fanabilecek bir d\u00fcnyad\u0131r hayal etti\u011fimiz. Ger\u00e7ekten de Tomas Mordan sonraki modern d\u00fcnya iyimserdir, umut vericidir. \u00c7ok \u00f6nce olmu\u015f bir \u015fey olsa da gen\u00e7li\u011fimde y\u00fckseli\u015fe, at\u0131l\u0131mlara, inki\u015fafa \u00e7ok inan\u0131yordum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilerleme kaydedemeyen toplumda ya\u015faman\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu biliyordum. Oksan Wauld, ilerleyi\u015fin \u201c<strong>\u00fctopilerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi oldu\u011funu<\/strong>\u201d yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dctopi gelecekte hayat\u0131n daha iyi olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u00e7t\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131k daha iyi bir \u00fclke aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r ve yelken a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biz bug\u00fcn yelkenleri toplamaya haz\u0131rlanm\u0131yor muyuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Biz \u015fu d\u00f6nem hakim olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin k\u00f6kl\u00fc viraj yapmas\u0131n\u0131 bekler durumday\u0131z. Almanya da bunlar aras\u0131nda, Avrupa gen\u00e7leri, geleceklerinden yarar ve kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flayacaklar\u0131na inanmaz oldular, kay\u0131p bekler duruma girdiler.\u00a0 Bu ku\u015fak, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra gelen ve mevcut durumu s\u00fcrd\u00fcremeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, eve beyinlerinin edinimlerini koruyabilme endi\u015fesi ya\u015fayan ve bundan korkan ilk ku\u015fakt\u0131r. Bu yeni durumun en parlak \u00f6rne\u011fini Fransa ya\u015f\u0131yor. Frans\u0131zlar Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fcmser ulusu oldular. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funluk gelece\u011fin ge\u00e7mi\u015ften daha k\u00f6t\u00fc olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harc\u0131yor. Ak\u0131l erir gibi de\u011fil! Modern ite i\u00e7inde k\u00f6t\u00fcmserlik do\u011fabiliyor ve ancak modern ite ikliminde var olabiliyor. K\u00f6t\u00fcmserlerin yok olmas\u0131 moderncili\u011fin de sonu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fakat XX. yy b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fctopileri hep \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. Onlar bir hayalin kanl\u0131 karikat\u00fcrleriydi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yaln\u0131z bilim ve teknik alan\u0131nda de\u011fil, ahlak alan\u0131nda da ilerleyi\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7eken fikirleri ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-3932347540\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Retrotopi fikrimde tarihin mele\u011fi 180 derece d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Gelece\u011fin ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fin iki birbirine kar\u015f\u0131t y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlerin yeni d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnde, zaman \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerinde yerlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Gelecekte bizi bekleyen hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sorunsuz bir zaman yerine hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bocal\u0131yoruz: Ter\u00f6rizm, mali bunal\u0131mlar, ekonomik durgunluk, i\u015fsizlik, g\u00fcvensizlik. \u0130lerleme fikri, hi\u00e7 kimseye ki\u015fisel ba\u015far\u0131lar vaat etmiyor. Biz geriye d\u00f6nmek zorunday\u0131z ve k\u00f6rler gibi geriye do\u011fru el yordam\u0131na yol ar\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tarihsel ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u201cvatanda\u015flar\u0131n d\u00fcnya toplumunda\u201d birle\u015fmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Emanuel Kant\u2019\u0131n fikirlerinin yerini insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fcresel sava\u015f\u0131 fikrine b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilir miyiz?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ok isabetli bir soru. Ben size ancak bir yol haritas\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilirim. Fakat bu harita \u00fczerindeki yollardan hangisini takip edece\u011fimizi g\u00f6sterebilmede g\u00fc\u00e7leniyorum.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Haritan\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc nas\u0131ld\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara, sava\u015flara, ve s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015flar\u0131na ra\u011fmen erken kapitalizmde bizim atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir \u00f6nceli\u011fi vard\u0131: insanlar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015fama morfolojisi dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Henri Ford ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7ilere ciddi \u00fccret \u00f6demek zorunda oldu\u011funu biliyordu. O bunu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, a\u00e7\u0131k toplum \u015feklinde bi\u00e7imlenen neo-liberalizm oyunu bozdu. Toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yerini bireysel sorumluluk ald\u0131. Gelirleri ve yedekleri tamamen yetersiz olmu\u015f olsa da,\u00a0 param par\u00e7a olmu\u015f ve gelece\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcne tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fctmek imkans\u0131z olan bir toplumda tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir ki\u015finin \u00f6devi ve i\u015fi kendi ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7aresine bakmakt\u0131r. Ekonomide d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7ler paralelinde t\u0131rmanan herkesin memnuniyetsizli\u011fi insanlar aras\u0131ndaki uyum ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zerek herkesi birbirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor. S\u00fcrekli kaydedilmesi zorunlu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin tehlikesi ise ilerleyi\u015fte gizlidir. Her ki\u015fi \u00f6tekinin muhtemel kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, has\u0131m\u0131 ve rakibi olarak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ise \u00e7ok endi\u015feli oland\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3274836902\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Gerginlikler gizleyen toplum d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda f\u0131rsat g\u00f6zleyen bask\u0131 ve eziyet midir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130llegal g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin simas\u0131nda t\u00fcm tehlikeler d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleniyor. O kusursuz fantom, \u015feffaf d\u00fc\u015fmand\u0131r. Ona kar\u015f\u0131 olan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p tehlikesizle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in tehlikenin soyulmas\u0131 ve herkese g\u00f6sterilmesi gerek. Tehlikeye, bir \u0131rk veya din temsilcisi olarak de\u011fil,\u00a0 bir ki\u015fi olmak bakmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Tehlikenin de buna hakk\u0131 var. Onunla diyalog kurulmal\u0131 gere\u011fini herkesin anlamas\u0131d\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fcnecek yol.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc olmak (tolerans) kendili\u011finden yeterli olamaz m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc bir\u00e7ok defa umursamay\u0131\u015f\u0131n belirtisidir. \u015eahsen beni ilgilendirene dokunmamak \u015fart\u0131yla, ne istersen onu yap. \u0130stersen ellerinin \u00fcst\u00fcne dikil ve sokakta ba\u015f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fc, bu beni ilgilendirmez. Burada farkl\u0131 olan \u00f6tekinin irdelenmesinde, dayan\u0131\u015fmada, yak\u0131n\u0131nda olan\u0131n gerek\u00e7elerini ve niyetlerini \u00f6\u011frenmede gizlidir: Neden ellerin \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcyorsun? Bunu konu edebilir miyiz? \u0130\u015faret etmek isterim, Papa Fransisk de diyalog k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in \u0131srar ediyor. Bize, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdakini tam haklara, e\u015fit haklara sahip bir partner olarak kabul etme ve ona sayg\u0131 duyma olana\u011f\u0131 veren budur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Siz kendiniz de g\u00f6\u00e7menmi\u015fsiniz. Vatan\u0131n\u0131z Polonya\u2019y\u0131 yitirmi\u015fsiniz.<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-27463121\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bir Leh her zaman yabanc\u0131 bir trendir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ki\u015fili\u011finizin tehlike alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu hissetti\u011finiz zaman oldu mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ben 45 ya\u015f\u0131ma bast\u0131\u011f\u0131mda Liyds\u2019e geldim. Tarih, dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr her \u015fey farkl\u0131yd\u0131. O benim travmal\u0131 hayat d\u00f6nemimdi. Britanya Akademik D\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki meslekta\u015flar\u0131mla kusursuz anla\u015fabilmem ve eksiksiz kayna\u015fmamam i\u00e7in 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam gerekti. Fakat ben sorunlar\u0131m\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011fimin bozulmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lam\u0131yordum. Ki\u015filik aramak retropimden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Mutlulu\u011fu gelece\u011fimde g\u00f6remeyince ge\u00e7mi\u015fime d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yorum. Tarih\u00e7i Erik Hobsbom, insanlar topluluk i\u00e7in konulmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131ktan sonra, kimlik \u00fcst\u00fcne konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2112932241\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-265444619\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; BGSAM Konu: 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir feylesofun (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn) g\u00f6z\u00fcnden s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar sorunu. \u201cDer Spigel\u201d \u2013 Alman dergisi. \u00c7eviridir. Zigmunt Bauman \u00d6tekinden, tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan korku ne de olsa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":20724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/alm-zeng.jpg?fit=516%2C486&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-5of","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20723"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20723\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}