{"id":20704,"date":"2016-09-25T18:03:42","date_gmt":"2016-09-25T15:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=20704"},"modified":"2016-09-25T18:03:42","modified_gmt":"2016-09-25T15:03:42","slug":"22-eylul-bulgaristanin-bagimsizlik-gunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/22-eylul-bulgaristanin-bagimsizlik-gunu\/","title":{"rendered":"22 Eyl\u00fcl Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k G\u00fcn\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Rus-Osmanl\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131 sonucu, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n be\u015f as\u0131rl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 esaretinden Kurtulu\u015fu, 3 Mart 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek oluyor, fakat \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 uzun bir s\u00fcrecin ard\u0131ndan geliyor, ki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k davas\u0131 i\u00e7in Kurtulu\u015f sonras\u0131 kurulan t\u00fcm Bulgaristan h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri seferber oluyor. Prens Ferdinand, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilan ediyor. Son derece karma\u015f\u0131k diplomas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan 6 Nisan 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bab-\u0131 Ali, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yor. Ama gelin tarih sahnesinin arkas\u0131nda kalan olaylara da bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m: &#8220;1878 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Temmuz ay\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen Berlin Konferans\u0131 gere\u011fince Bulgaristan, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131n alt\u0131na imzas\u0131n\u0131 atam\u0131yor.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/static.bnr.bg\/gallery\/fc\/fc72c933d42f742365711394ac397660.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Tarih\u00e7i Georgi Markov bu olaylar\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyor:<\/p>\n<p><i>30 <\/i><i>y\u0131l boyunca Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n omuzlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00f6z konusu yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden elveri\u015fli uluslararas\u0131 zemin aranmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir f\u0131rsat 1908 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yaz aylar\u0131nda yakalan\u0131yor, ki bu tarihte Mithat Pa\u015fan\u0131n komutas\u0131ndaki<\/i><i>\u201c<\/i><i>Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler, <\/i><em>Gen\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131lar<\/em><i>, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler\u201d<\/i><i> olarak bilinenler<\/i><i>, iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu ad\u0131m\u0131, <\/i><i>Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler<\/i><i> Devrimi olarak de\u011ferlendirirken di\u011ferleri <\/i><i>Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler<\/i><i> Darbesi olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Aleksand\u0131r Malinov, meydana gelen Balkan krizinden yararlan\u0131yor. Bu d\u00f6nemde Berlin Konferans\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini \u00e7i\u011fneyen Avusturya Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Bosna-Hersek\u2019i kendi topraklar\u0131na katmaya karar veriyor. Bu durumda Sofya de\u011fil de, Viyana di\u011fer B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7lerin gazab\u0131na u\u011frar.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Peki, B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00fc\u00e7ler ve Bab-\u0131 Ali, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilan etmesini nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1667614998\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Georgi Markov bu soruya \u015f\u00f6yle cevap veriyor:<\/p>\n<p><i>Genelde Bab-\u0131 Ali, Berlin Konferans\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin \u00e7i\u011fnenmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karken onun i\u00e7in bu durum, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 600 milyon alt\u0131n Frank kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten Andrey Lyap\u00e7ev, bu miktar\u0131 82 milyona d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015far\u0131yor. Buna Rusya \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 2. Nikolay, Prens Ferdinand ve Avusturya- Macaristan \u0130mparatoru Franz Joseph aras\u0131nda Rus \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 aleyhine bir anla\u015fman\u0131n var oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcpheleniyor. Bu durumda B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya, Avusturya- Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Rusya aras\u0131nda dengeyi sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Bulgar Ordusu k\u0131smen seferberli\u011fe gidiyor. Peki, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n olas\u0131 bir sava\u015ftan zaferle \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvencesinin s\u0131rr\u0131 nerede gizli?<\/p>\n<p>Bulgar tarih\u00e7inin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n<p><i>Makedonya ve Do\u011fu Trakya\u2019da patlak veren \u201c1903 \u0130linden-Preobrajenie Ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n\u201d bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Bulgar Ordusu cephe de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor ve d\u00f6nemin Savunma bakan\u0131 Gen. Mihail Savov\u2019un planlar\u0131 gere\u011fince modern silahlarla donat\u0131l\u0131yor. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 Makedonya ve Do\u011fu Trakya\u2019daki ayaklanmayla birlikte, ilk eylem plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Bulgaristan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve \u0130\u00e7 Makedon Devrimci \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011f kuruluyor.\u00a0 Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Malinov, Romanya\u2019n\u0131n, Bulgaristan ile Rusya aras\u0131nda 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda sa\u011flanan askeri anla\u015fmadan dolay\u0131 bu krize kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyor. S\u0131rbistan ise Avusturya Macaristan\u2019\u0131n tehditi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/i><i>. <\/i><i>Ordusu her an Bosna-Hersek topraklar\u0131na girebilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Belgrad bu topraklar\u0131 kendi topraklar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. 8. Bulgar Tunca Birli\u011fi, Edirne b\u00f6lgesine yollan\u0131yor ve s\u0131n\u0131rda konu\u015flan\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fte bu anda Rus \u0130maparatoru m\u00fcdahale ediyor. Rusya, Japonya ile y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015ftan yaralar\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz saramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Balkanlarda herangi bir sava\u015f istemiyor. Rus \u0130mparatoru 2. Nikolay, Bulgaristan ile Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda arabulucu oluyor. Andrey Lyap\u00e7ev, istenilen miktar\u0131 82 milyon alt\u0131n Frank\u2019a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcnce <\/i><i><\/i><i>Rusya, bu miktardan Rus Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015f tazminat\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor.<\/i><\/p><div id=\"bghab-815273577\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bulgaristan borcunu Rusya\u2019ya \u00f6d\u00fcyor mu?<\/p>\n<p>Georgi Markov cevap veriyor:<\/p>\n<p><i>Hay\u0131r<\/i><i>. <\/i><i>Ben, bazen Bol\u015fevizmden ne kadar da mutlu olmasak, Bol\u015fevik Devrimi bu borcu affetti\u011fine dair, \u015faka yap\u0131yorum. Bizler yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 milyon alt\u0131n Frank \u00f6d\u00fcyoruz. Fakat Bulgaristan, S\u0131rbistan topraklar\u0131na girince Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na da girmi\u015f oluyor. B\u00f6ylece borcun \u00f6denmesi durduruluyor. 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Lenin, Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Fransa ile \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye olan borcunu \u00f6demeyece\u011fini ve ayn\u0131 zamanda da Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan kredilerin arkas\u0131n\u0131 da aramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor<\/i><i>.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Yeni stat\u00fc, Bulgaristan\u2019da ne gibi de\u011fi\u015fikliklere neden oluyor?<\/p>\n<p>Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 da Georgi Markov\u2019tan al\u0131yoruz:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1503771368\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><i>Bulgaristan, bu g\u00fcnden itibaren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc politik ve askeri anla\u015fmalar kurma hakk\u0131na sahip oluyor. \u00dclkemiz, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu zaman\u0131nda G\u00fcney Bulgaristan\u2019da in\u015fa edilen Do\u011fu Demir Yollar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece kendi topraklar\u0131nda bulunan t\u00fcm demir yollar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetine sahip oluyor. Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n otoritesi art\u0131yor ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r oluyor. Ayr\u0131ca bu tarihten itibaren Prens kendini \u00c7ar ilan ediyor.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7eviri: \u015eevkiye \u00c7ak\u0131r<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-1994027497\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rus-Osmanl\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131 sonucu, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n be\u015f as\u0131rl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 esaretinden Kurtulu\u015fu, 3 Mart 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek oluyor, fakat \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 uzun bir s\u00fcrecin ard\u0131ndan geliyor, ki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":20705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bg-tarh.jpg?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-5nW","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20704\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}