{"id":20020,"date":"2016-08-06T21:34:14","date_gmt":"2016-08-06T18:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=20020"},"modified":"2016-08-06T21:40:58","modified_gmt":"2016-08-06T18:40:58","slug":"neo-liberal-tiyatro-oyunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/neo-liberal-tiyatro-oyunu\/","title":{"rendered":"Neo-Liberal Tiyatro Oyunu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/sakir-arslantas.jpg?resize=99%2C128\" alt=\"sakir arslantas\" width=\"99\" height=\"128\" \/>\u00a0\u015eakir ARSLANTA\u015e<\/p>\n<p>Konu: Bir ya\u015fl\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn boyu birbiriyle oyna\u015f\u0131p bo\u011fu\u015fan, biri beyaz, \u00f6teki siyah 2 k\u00f6pe\u011fi ve onlar\u0131 seyreden bir torunu varm\u0131\u015f. Bir g\u00fcn torun dedesine sormu\u015f<strong>. \u201cDede, bunlar\u0131n hangisi \u00fcst\u00fcn gelir?\u201d <\/strong>Dedesi cevap vermi\u015f<strong>: \u201cBen hangisini daha iyi beslersem!\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bizde, ikisinin de ideolojisi neo-liberalizm olan, solda H\u00d6H, sa\u011fda DOST, 2 siyasi T\u00fcrk partisi var. Okurlar\u0131ma soruyorum: \u201c<strong>6 Kas\u0131m 2016 se\u00e7imlerinde hangisi \u00fcst\u00fcn gelir?!<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/bg.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"bg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The Guardian -\u00e7eviridir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n kom\u00fcnizm s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hi\u00e7 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayal ediniz.<\/strong> \u00c7o\u011fumuz i\u00e7in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc hayat\u0131 denetleyen ideolojinin <strong>ad\u0131 yok. <\/strong>Sohbetlerinizden birinde ad\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irin ve kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zdakilerin omuz silkti\u011fini g\u00f6receksiniz. Konu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131z <strong>Neo-liberalizmi<\/strong> bir terim olarak daha \u00f6nce duymu\u015f olsalar bile, tan\u0131mlarken zorlanacaklar. Siz, <strong>Neo-liberalizmin ne oldu\u011funu biliyor musunuz<\/strong>?<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2023899037\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Not: (<em>Bu konuyu se\u00e7memizin nedeni hem H\u00d6H partisinin hem de alt mahkemeden tescili hen\u00fcz \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f olan (04.08.2016) DOST partisinin kendilerine ideoloji olarak Neo-liberalizmi se\u00e7mesidir<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" height=\"413\" width=\"640\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/bg-1-768x495.jpg?resize=640%2C413\" alt=\"bg 1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberalizmin anonim<\/strong> (isminin bilinmemesi) <strong>olmas\u0131, onun egemen durumuna hem imge<\/strong> (belirti)\u00a0 <strong>hem de nedendir. <\/strong>O, 2007\u20132008 mali \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde; zenginliklerin ve iktidar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131nda (a\u00e7\u0131klanan Panama dosyalar\u0131 buna \u00fcstten \u00fcsten de olsa bir bilgi sundu); sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim sistemlerinin yava\u015f yava\u015f ama devaml\u0131 iflas etmesinde; hakimiyet kurmaya ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuk sefaletinde; yaln\u0131z epidemisinde; ekolojik (\u00e7evreyle ilgili)\u00a0 sistemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesinde; Donald Trump\u2019un y\u00fckselmesinde ve benzer bunal\u0131mlarda \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken rol oynad\u0131. <strong>Biz, bu bunal\u0131mlara, sanki onlar birbirinden etkilenmeden, izole bir durumda belirmi\u015f gibi ve sanki bu ad\u0131 olan ya da evvelden ad\u0131 olmu\u015f olan ama ayn\u0131 \u0131srar\u0131 ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fi g\u00f6steren bir felsefenin hep kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc veya tepkimesini h\u0131zland\u0131ran ve \u015fiddetlendiren oldu\u011funu bilmezmi\u015fiz gibi davran\u0131yoruz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberalizm, <\/strong>hayat\u0131n her yerine \u00f6yle n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015f ki, biz onun bir ideoloji oldu\u011funu \u00e7ok seyrek g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Onun, <strong>bir hayali ve hale inanc\u0131 gibi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir g\u00fcc\u00fc temsil etti\u011fine; Darvin\u2019in Evrim Teorisi gibi bir biyolojik yasa oldu\u011funa<\/strong> ili\u015fkin konumu kabullenmi\u015fiz gibi bir hava olu\u015ftu. Ne ki, bu felsefenin yeniden ba\u015f kald\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131, insan hayat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve iktidar merkezinin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in tamamen bilin\u00e7li bir deneme yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7aba harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberalizm, insan ili\u015fkilerinin niteli\u011finde belirleyici olarak rekabeti g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. O, insanlar\u0131, demokratik se\u00e7im ve kararlar\u0131 al\u0131p satma s\u00fcrecinde en iyi bir \u015fekilde hayat anlam\u0131 bulan \u2013 \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmeti \u00f6d\u00fcllendiren ve verimsizli\u011fi cezaland\u0131ran t\u00fcketiciler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/strong> Bu ideoloji, \u201cpiyasan\u0131n\u201d,\u00a0 planlamak suretiyle eri\u015filebilmesinin asla olas\u0131 olmayan alanlar a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rekabetin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 denemeleri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in tehlike olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Vergiler ve d\u00fczenlemeler asgariye indirilirken, kamu hizmetleri de \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmelidir. <\/strong>\u0130\u015flerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve sendikalar\u0131n toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalamas\u0131 ise, do\u011fal olarak kazanan ve kaybedenler hiyerar\u015fisi olu\u015fturan, piyasa \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. <strong>E\u015fitsizli\u011fe fazilet (c\u00f6mertlik) olarak bak\u0131l\u0131yor<\/strong>: herkesi daha zengin yapmak i\u00e7in yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcrken refah alan se\u00e7me ve faydal\u0131 olan\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcllendirme bir c\u00f6mertlik olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. <strong>Daha adil bir toplum yaratma \u00e7abalar\u0131 verimli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, moral olarak da a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Her ki\u015finin hak etti\u011fini elde etmesini sa\u011flayan piyasad\u0131r.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3723568544\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Neo-liberalizm inanc\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcmseyen ve yeniden \u00fcreten biziz. <strong>Varl\u0131kl\u0131 olanlar biriktirdikleri zenginli\u011fin ancak sunduklar\u0131 hizmetlerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorlar<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ve genelde, g\u00f6nen\u00e7li duruma varmalar\u0131nda onlara yard\u0131m etmi\u015f olan, e\u011fitim, miras ve sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f gibi \u00f6ncelikleri ellerinin tersiyle kenara itiyorlar. Yoksullar ise, i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri durumdan \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in ellerinde bir \u015feyler gelmedi\u011fi durumlarda bile, <strong>bo\u011fazlar\u0131na kadar batt\u0131klar\u0131 safilikten ancak kendilerini su\u00e7lamaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Str\u00fckt\u00fcrel d\u00fczeyde i\u015fsizlik \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftiriliyor<strong>: Herhangi biri i\u015fsiz kalm\u0131\u015fsa, bu onun giri\u015fimci olmamas\u0131 sonucudur. <\/strong>Bir daire i\u00e7in \u00f6denen devasa paralar da pek \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir<strong>: kredi kart\u0131n\u0131zda s\u0131n\u0131r t\u00fckenmi\u015fse, bu sizin sorumsuz ve savurgan harcamalar\u0131n\u0131z sonucudur. <\/strong>Okullarda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n oyun alan\u0131, top sahas\u0131 olmamas\u0131 da \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir: Kilo ald\u0131larsa, \u015fi\u015fmanl\u0131ktan hareketsizle\u015ftilerse sorumlu olan hep sizsiniz. Rekabet kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re var olan bir d\u00fcnyada, yeti\u015femeyenler, kaybedenler kendi halinde olan insanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Bana ne<\/strong>?\u201d kitab\u0131nda, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de uygulanan neo-liberalizmin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 anlatan yazar <strong>Pol V\u0131rheyg<\/strong>,\u00a0 <strong>insanlar\u0131n kendilerini yaralamas\u0131n\u0131n bir salg\u0131n haline geldi\u011fini, g\u0131da zehirlenmelerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insanlar\u0131n kendilerini gere\u011fi gibi sunamama korkusu ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve sosyal deh\u015fetten<\/strong> s\u00f6z ediyor. Neo-liberal ideolojinin b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir titizlikle uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Avrupa s\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z insanlar\u0131n ba\u015fkenti oldu\u011funu belirtmek<\/strong> yerinde olur. <strong>Bug\u00fcn hepimiz neo-liberaliz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberalizm terimi 1938\u2019de Paris\u2019te yap\u0131lan bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede do\u011fmu\u015ftur<\/strong>. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye kat\u0131lan iki delege \u2013 <strong>Ludvig von Mizes ile Fridrich Hayek<\/strong> \u2013 neo-liberal ideolojiye tan\u0131m getirmi\u015ftir. O zaman Paris\u2019te ya\u015fayan iki Avusturyal\u0131 m\u00fclteci olan bu ayd\u0131nlar Amerikan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Franklin D. Roosevelt\u2019in yeni siyasi rotas\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettiler.\u00a0 Ba\u015fkan Roosevelt, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilmek i\u00e7in bir dizi reform yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. O, nazizm ve kom\u00fcnizm gibi bir y\u00f6nelime a\u00e7\u0131lan kolektif\u00e7ilik do\u011frultusunda, Britanya sosyal devletini de git gide geli\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4224154346\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-15-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c<strong>K\u00f6leli\u011fin Yolu<\/strong>\u201d kitab\u0131nda Fridrich Hayek, <strong>fert\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00f6zendirdi\u011finde, h\u00fck\u00fcmet planlamas\u0131 topyek\u00fbn kontrole g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir,<\/strong> diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mizes\u2019in \u201cB\u00fcrokrasi\u201d eseri gibi, bu kitap da \u00e7ok okunanlar aras\u0131na girdi. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ok zengin bu eserde, <strong>devlet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmeden ve vergi \u00f6demekten kurtulma \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakan bir felsefe g\u00f6r\u00fcyor<\/strong>.\u00a0 Neo-liberalizm doktrinini yaymak i\u00e7in Hayek ilk cemiyet olarak 1947\u2019de \u201c<strong>Mon Pelerin<\/strong>\u201di kurdu\u011funda, milyonerler ve fonlar\u0131n vak\u0131flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan mali desteklendi.<\/p>\n<p>Daha sonra <strong>Daiel Stedman Jones<\/strong>\u2019in \u201cK\u00fcremizin Efendileri\u201d kitab\u0131nda \u201c<strong>Neo-liberal enternasyonal<\/strong>\u201d olarak anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Hayek destekleyicilerinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu bir trans Atlantik akademisyen, i\u015f adam\u0131, gazeteci ve militan olu\u015fumuydu.\u00a0 Bu ideolojiyi daha \u00f6te geli\u015ftirerek kusursuzla\u015ft\u0131ran bilim merkezleri hep zenginler taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmi\u015ftir. Bu beyin tr\u00f6stlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: Amerikan Giri\u015fimciler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc; \u201cHeritage\u201dVakf\u0131; \u201cKaton\u201d Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc; Ekonomik Sorunlar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc; B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya Politik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi ve \u201cAdam Smidt\u201d Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc. Chicago ve Virginia \u00fcniversitelerinde akademik merkezler ve b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere de parasal yard\u0131mlarda bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Geli\u015fip yerle\u015firken neo-liberalizm giderek daha sert tav\u0131r almaya koyuldu<\/strong>. Hayek\u2019in tekeler olu\u015fmas\u0131n diye h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin rekabeti denetlemesi gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin tutumu, <strong>bir tekelin g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00fcretkenli\u011fine \u00f6d\u00fcl olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerilemek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu geli\u015fmeler i\u00e7inde ba\u015fka de\u011fi\u015fiklikler de oldu: Hareket ad\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. 1951\u2019de k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kan Amerikal\u0131 iktisat\u00e7\u0131 <strong>Milton Friedman kendini neo-liberal ilan etti. Fakat k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra neo-liberal terimi buharla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/strong>\u00dcstelik,<strong> ideoloji daha \u015feffaf ve s\u00fcrekli olmu\u015f olsa da, ad\u0131nda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmuyor. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yo\u011fun finans olanaklar\u0131 kullansa da, neo-liberalizm siyasi hayat\u0131n biraz kenar\u0131nda kal\u0131yor. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra taraflar aras\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce benzerine rastlanmayan bir uzla\u015fma ortam\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015fti: <strong>John Maynard Keynes<\/strong>\u2019in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri neredeyse tamam\u0131yla uygulan\u0131yor. Birle\u015fik Amerika ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck kesiminin temel hedefleri aras\u0131nda herkesin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplum ve yoksullu\u011fun a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 var. Vergiler y\u00fcksek. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerse yeni yeni sosyal hizmetler sunarken, sosyal g\u00fcvence \u00f6nlemleri geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-4043163178\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-20-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ne ki, ge\u00e7en asr\u0131n 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131nda Keynes teorisi g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz kal\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcrken, Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019nun her iki taraf\u0131nda da ekonomik bunal\u0131m alevlendi\u011finde, <strong>neo-liberal fikirler sosyal arenaya h\u0131zla girmeye ve yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Milton Friedman<\/strong> \u015funlara i\u015faret ediyor: \u201c<em>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm zaman\u0131 gelip \u00e7att\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u2026 Uygulamaya haz\u0131r se\u00e7enek vard\u0131.<\/em>\u201d Amerika\u2019da Jimmy Carter makamlar\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019da Jim Callahan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00f6ncellikle bu teorinin ekonomide belirleyici olan\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131mdaki para miktar\u0131 oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin neo-liberal unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 baz\u0131 gazeteci ve siyaset dan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kabul ettiler.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ktidar y\u00f6netimine Margaret Thatcher ve Ronald Reagan\u2019\u0131n gelmesinden sonra ise neo-liberalizmin \u015fu olu\u015fturucu \u00f6\u011feleri de uyguland\u0131: <strong>zenginleri vergilendirmeyi s\u0131n\u0131rlama; sendikalar\u0131 git gide ezme; devlet d\u00fczenlemelerini kald\u0131rma; \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme; kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde i\u015fleri ta\u015feronlara devretme ve rekabeti gemleme vb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberal siyaset d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e bir k\u0131sm\u0131na ise<\/strong>, gerekli uyulmamaya ba\u015fvurmadan,\u00a0 Uluslar aras\u0131 Para Fonu (\u0130MF), D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Maastricht Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc arac\u0131l\u0131yla <strong>direk olarak dayat\u0131ld\u0131. Burada insan\u0131 hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zellik ise, neo-liberal siyasetin o zamana kadar kendilerini sol parti olarak tan\u0131tan partiler taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenmesi oldu. \u00d6rne\u011fin: \u0130ngiliz \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi ve Birle\u015fik Amerika Demokrat Partisi neo-liberalizmi benimsedi. Stedman Jones <\/strong>bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir<strong>: \u201c<\/strong><em>bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir boyutta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmi\u015f ba\u015fka bir hayali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek bile g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>*** <\/em><\/p><div id=\"bghab-866064984\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-25-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Se\u00e7enek ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck vaat eden bir doktrinin<\/strong> \u201c<strong>alternatifi yoktur<\/strong>\u201d gibi bir slogana ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilir. Fakat <strong>Hayek,<\/strong> liberal program\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 birinci \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer alan \u015eili\u2019yi <strong>Augusto Pino\u00e7et\u2019in<\/strong> iktidarda oldu\u011fu zaman ziyaret etti\u011finde, \u201c<em>benim ki\u015fisel \u00f6nceliklerim liberalizmden mahrum bir demokratik h\u00fck\u00fcmet yerine bir liberal diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckten yanad\u0131r,<\/em>\u201d demi\u015fti. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, neo-liberalizmin \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, <strong>k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131klara de\u011fil, turna bal\u0131klar\u0131nayd\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sendikalar\u0131 yasaklamak ve toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini rafa kald\u0131rmak i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. Devlet d\u00fczenlemelerinin has\u0131ralt\u0131 edilmesinin anlam\u0131ysa, nehirleri kirletmek, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 tehlikelere atmak, adil olmayan faiz uygulamalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmek ve \u00e7ok \u00e7ekici mali ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015fe ko\u015fmakt\u0131. Vergilendirmekten vazge\u00e7mek ise, ulusal zenginli\u011fin yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla yoksul insanlar\u0131 toplumun batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtarma siyasetinden vazge\u00e7mek anlam\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Naomi Klein\u2019\u0131n \u201c<\/strong><em>\u015eok Doktrini<\/em><strong>\u201d <\/strong>nde belgeledi\u011fi \u00fczere, <strong>neo-liberal teori uzmanlar\u0131, bunal\u0131m d\u00f6nemlerinde, insanlar\u0131n dikkati ba\u015fka i\u015flerle me\u015fgulken, tutulmayan siyasetleri dayat\u0131yor.<\/strong>\u00a0 Mesela, Pino\u00e7et\u2019in darbesinden sonra, Irak\u2019taki sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan veya Fridman\u2019\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, New Orleans\u2019ta meydana gelen f\u0131rt\u0131nadan sonra <em>e\u011fitim sisteminin k\u00f6kten yenilenmesi i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat<\/em> ele ge\u00e7irilmesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir neo-liberal siyaset yerel d\u00fczeyde uygulanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ise, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ve devlet aras\u0131ndaki uzla\u015fmazl\u0131klara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma da dahil, uluslar aras\u0131 d\u00fczeyde ticaret s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri arac\u0131l\u0131yla dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu genelde, sosyal ve \u00e7evreyle ilgili belirli koruyucu \u00f6nlemlerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda n\u00fcfus sahibi olan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin bask\u0131 uygulayabildikleri Of shor mahkemelerde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde parlamentolar sigara sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama, i\u00e7me suyu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel \u015firketlerin madencilik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan koruma, elektrik fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 dondurma veya ila\u00e7 \u015firketlerinin devleti soymas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen \u00f6nleyici kararlar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dava a\u00e7an dev \u015firketler bir\u00e7ok kez ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. <strong>Demokrasi tiyatro sahnesinde oyun olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberalizmin getirdi\u011fi ba\u015fka bir terslik de,\u00a0 \u00fcniversal rekabeti \u00fcniversal nicel tan\u0131m ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya dayand\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong>Elde edilen sonu\u00e7larda, i\u015f ve her t\u00fcrden sosyal hizmet arayan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, <strong>kazananlar\u0131 belirleyen ve kaybedenleri cezaland\u0131ran<\/strong>, \u00e7ok yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011ferlendirme ve g\u00f6zetim rejimi formaliteleri i\u00e7inde bo\u011fulmaya terk edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00a0Von Mizes\u2019\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi \u00fczere, bu doktrin bizi merkez planlaman\u0131n\u00a0 b\u00fcrokratik ke\u015fmeke\u015finden kurtaraca\u011f\u0131na, sonuncuyu tamamen yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-123167756\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-30-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Neo-liberalizm bir a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck mekanizmas\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemi\u015f olsa da, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemde buna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00a0Neo-liberal d\u00f6nemlerde ekonomik kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1980\u2019lerde Birle\u015fik Amerika ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019da da daha \u00f6nceki a\u015famaya g\u00f6re ekonomik kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131 geriledi. Fakat en zenginler daha da zengin olabildi. <strong>Sendikalar\u0131n omurgas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, zenginlerin daha az vergilendirilmesi, kiralar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeler ve devlet m\u00fcdahalelerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde zenginliklerin ve devlet i kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki adaletsizlik kat kat artt\u0131 ve 60 y\u0131l boyunca bu e\u011filim korunabildi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Kamu hizmetlerinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi ve pazarl\u0131k konusu edilmesi, \u00f6zellikle enerji, su, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k, sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, alt yap\u0131 ve hapishanelerin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn eline ge\u00e7mesiyle \u00f6zel sermayeye vatanda\u015flardan ve devletten temel tesisleri kullan\u0131m kiras\u0131 istemesine imk\u00e2n verdi.\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00dcretim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 gelir sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kira terimi kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Suni bir \u015fekilde bilet fiyatlar\u0131na zam yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, zamlanan fiyat\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yak\u0131t, maa\u015f, makineler vb giderleri kar\u015f\u0131larken, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de sizi avu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ya da yar\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan hizmetlerin sahibi olan veya onlar\u0131 y\u00f6netenler, az yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131p, \u00e7ok kazan\u00e7 elde ederek, \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n kazan\u00e7 elde ediyorlar. <strong>Rusya\u2019da ve Hindistan\u2019da oligar\u015fi kodamanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan sat\u0131\u015flarda muazzam sermaye elde etmi\u015f oluyorlar.<\/strong> Meksika\u2019da t\u00fcm telefon \u015febekesine sahip olan <strong>Karlos Slim Ely<\/strong> k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin adam\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Biz zenginler neden bunu yapam\u0131yoruz<\/em>?\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda <strong>Andryo Seyar<\/strong> benzer bir sonuca var\u0131yor. Onun saptamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, kira gibi, faiz de \u00fcretim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan ama biriktirilebilen bir gelirdir. Yoksullar daha yoksul, zenginlerse daha zengin olurken, senginler temel \u00f6nemi olan ba\u015fka bir aktif olan para \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fc artt\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00d6denen faizler paran\u0131n yoksullardan zenginlere ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. <strong>Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz fiyatlar\u0131 ve devletin yat\u0131r\u0131mlardan el \u00e7ekmesi s\u0131radan yurtta\u015flar\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli artt\u0131r\u0131rken (burada \u00f6\u011frenci burslar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenci kredilendirmesine ge\u00e7i\u015fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn l\u00fctfen) bankalar ve onlar\u0131n m\u00fcd\u00fcrleri para \u00fcst\u00fcne para y\u0131\u011f\u0131yorlar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Seyar\u2019a g\u00f6re, son 40 y\u0131lda belirleyici olan yaln\u0131z paralar\u0131n yoksullardan zenginlere kaymas\u0131 de\u011fil, zenginlerin saflar\u0131ndaki yer de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Paralar, yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcreten ve hizmet sunanlar\u0131n kasalar\u0131ndan, var olan aktifleri denetlemekten ve kira, faiz ve senetlerin getirdi\u011fi karlar\u0131 toplayanlar\u0131n veznelerine akm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcretimden elde edilen gelirler, \u00fcretim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flerden kazan\u0131lan kar taraf\u0131ndan ikinci plana itilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2959846774\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-35-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Toslama ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse, ideoloji de o kadar u\u00e7 konuma kay\u0131yor. <strong>H\u00fck\u00fcmetler neo-liberal bunal\u0131mlardan vergileri k\u0131rpma, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmemi\u015f olan kamu hizmetlerini \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme, sosyal g\u00fcvence sisteminde delikler a\u00e7ma, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketleri yeniden derleyip toparlama ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131 yeni bir d\u00fczene sokma gibi i\u015flerde alabildi\u011fine faydalan\u0131yor.<\/strong> Kendini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen devlet toplumsal sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn her organ\u0131na sivri di\u015flerini alabildi\u011fine sapl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Neo-liberalizmin do\u011furdu\u011fu bunal\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda en tehlikeli ve \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc olan ekonomik de\u011fil, <strong>siyasi bunal\u0131md\u0131r. Devlet mal-m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn, olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131yla, hayat yolumuzu se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131larak de\u011fi\u015ftirebilme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131m\u0131z da azalm\u0131\u015f oluyor. <\/strong>Neo-liberal teori, kaderlerini se\u00e7imle de\u011fi\u015ftireceklerine, insanlar\u0131n bu haklar\u0131n\u0131 <strong>para harcayarak kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 <\/strong>\u00f6neriyor. Fakat bu i\u015fte insanlar birbirlerine e\u015fit de\u011fildir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n cebinde daha fazla para var. T\u00fcketicilerin ve hisse senedi sahiplerinin g\u00f6rkemli demokrasisinde oylar e\u015fit olarak da\u011f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>Orta ve yoksul s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 her defas\u0131nda daha da fazla emilmi\u015f oluyor<\/strong>. Sa\u011f partilerle, eski sol partiler, benzer neo-liberal siyaseti kabullenmeye yana\u015f\u0131rken, \u00e7aresizlik sonucu vatanda\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131 da elden gitmi\u015f oluyor. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler siyasete y\u00fcz \u00e7eviriyor ya da politikadan d\u0131\u015flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kris Hecis<\/strong> s\u00f6yle diyor: \u201c<em>fa\u015fist hareketler taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131 politik olarak aktif olanlar aras\u0131ndan toplamad\u0131lar, \u2018kaybetmi\u015flerin\u2019 \u2013 oylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, politik \u00fcst tabaka aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015flar yani politik pasifler aras\u0131nda buldu.\u201d\u00a0 <\/em>Politik temaslar art\u0131k bizim kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dilde yap\u0131lm\u0131yorsa, <strong>insanlar sloganlara, sembollere ve duyumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket ediyorlar<\/strong>. Birle\u015fik Amerika\u2019da D. Tump\u2019un taraftarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rne\u011fin, deliller ve kan\u0131tlar pek \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tony Jud<\/strong> ise, vatanda\u015flar ve devlet aras\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen koyu sis, iktidar ve istenene uymaya indirgendi\u011finde, bizi birbirine ba\u011flayan tek g\u00fcc\u00fcn devler erki oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yoruz. Heyak\u2019in belirmesinden korktu\u011fu totalitarizmin topluma yerle\u015fme ihtimali b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc son hesapta <strong>vatanda\u015flar iktidara boyun e\u011fmeye zorlan\u0131yor<\/strong>..<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1399371867\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-40-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kom\u00fcnizm gibi neo-liberalizm de hezimete u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir Tanr\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Fakat b\u00fcy\u00fclenerek dirilen ahmaklar\u0131n doktrinleri nefes almaya devam ediyor. Ayakta durabilmesi nedenlerinden birisi de <strong>anonim<\/strong> kimli\u011fini koruyabilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Belki de, bir s\u00fcr\u00fc anonimlikler desek daha do\u011fru olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen elin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen doktrini g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen taraftarlar taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lmaya devam ediyor<\/strong>. Bu gizemli ki\u015filerin isimlerin \u00e7ok zor ve yava\u015f olmak \u00fczere art\u0131k g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz. \u015eu ger\u00e7e\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klayabildik: <strong>Kitle ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda t\u00fct\u00fcn sanayinin devletler taraf\u0131ndan ek destek \u00f6nlemleriyle d\u00fczenlenmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan, Ekonomik Sorunlar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 1963 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri, British American Tabacco taraf\u0131ndan gizliden gizliye finanse ediliyor. <\/strong>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin ki\u015filerinden ikisi olan<strong> Charles and Devid Koch\u2019un \u201c\u00c7ay Partisi\u201d\u00a0 <\/strong>enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kurucusu oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabildik. <strong>Charls Koch<\/strong>, \u00fcst ak\u0131l kurumlar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015ftururken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201c<em>Arzu edilmeyen ele\u015ftirilere olanak tan\u0131mamak amac\u0131yla, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn nas\u0131l denetlendi\u011fi ve y\u00f6netildi\u011fi rekl\u00e2m edilmemelidir<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberal doktrinle ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda kullan\u0131lan deyim ve terimlerle \u015feffafl\u0131k yerine sis yarat\u0131l\u0131yor<\/strong>. \u201cPiyasa\u201d \u00fczerimize bir yer \u00e7ekimi ya da hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcyor. Fakat her defas\u0131nda iktidar etkile\u015fimini ifade ediyor. \u201cPiyasa\u201dn\u0131n gerek duydu\u011fu \u015feyler genelde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin ve onlar\u0131n sahiplerinin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu \u015feylerdir. Sayer\u2019in i\u015faret etti\u011fi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, birbirinden tamamen farkl\u0131 \u015feylerdir. Birisi, \u00fcretken ve topluma yarar\u0131 olan i\u015flere yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlarken, di\u011feri de kira, faiz, kazan\u00e7 pay\u0131 ve sermaye getirileri sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in var olan aktifleri sat\u0131n almakt\u0131r. <strong>\u0130ki tamamen farkl\u0131 etkinlik i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, \u201czenginli\u011fin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 gizledi\u011fi gibi\u201d, zenginlik yaratmak ile zenginlikten kazan\u00e7 elde etmeyi birbirine kat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131za sebebiyet veriyor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Anonimlikler ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar bir\u00e7ok defa modern kapitalizmin gizemleri ve bilinmeyenleri ile birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rnekleyelim: francheys model \u2013 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kimin i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bilmemelerini garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131yor; \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k olan ve ger\u00e7ek sahiplerinin kimli\u011finin belirlemede polislerin bile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekti\u011fi offshore gizli \u015febekeleri taraf\u0131ndan tescil edilen \u015firketler; h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin kafas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran vergi sistemleri; hi\u00e7 kimsenin ak\u0131l erdiremedi\u011fi yeni finans \u00fcr\u00fcnler vb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberalizmin anonimli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir titizlikle korunur<\/strong>: Hayek, Mizes ve Fridman\u2019\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f olanlar, \u201canonim\u201d terimini kullanmaktan uzak durmaya gayret g\u00f6sterirken, ince anlaml\u0131 oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 bu terimin ancak dil bilimciler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyorlar. Bunu yaparken bize hi\u00e7bir se\u00e7enek de sunmuyorlar. Kimileri kendilerine klasik liberal ya da libertanyan s\u00fcs\u00fc vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar da, bu terimler ayn\u0131 zamanda kimsenin dikkatini \u00e7ekmiyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201c<strong>K\u00f6lelik yolunda yeri olan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c<strong>B\u00fcrokrasi<\/strong>\u201d gibi eserleri veya Fridman\u2019\u0131n \u201c<strong>Kapitalizm ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong>\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3259387721\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-45-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bu yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, neo-liberal tasar\u0131m\u0131n hele ilk a\u015famas\u0131nda heyecan uyand\u0131ran bir yan\u0131 var. <strong>O, dikkati \u00e7eken ve yenilik i\u00e7eren bir felsefe olarak, eylem planlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir grup birbirine kenetlenmi\u015f fikir adam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan savunulmu\u015f ve yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlar sab\u0131rl\u0131 ve diren\u00e7liydiler<\/strong>. \u201c<em>K\u00f6leli\u011fe G\u00f6t\u00fcren Yol<\/em>\u201d asl\u0131nda iktidar yoluydu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neo-liberalizmin zaferi asl\u0131nda solun hezimeti anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/strong>. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, <strong>lece-fer<\/strong> ad\u0131yla bilinen ve \u00f6zelci ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndaki ticari ili\u015fkilerin d\u00fczenleme, ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar, har\u00e7 ve \u00f6zendirmeler \u015feklinde vb devlet m\u00fcdahalelerinden serbest olan, ekonomik sistem, 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f do\u011furdu. <strong>Onun yerine Keyns yeni bir ekonomik teori yaratmak zorunda kald\u0131. Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 70\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131nda Keynesci kuram\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan topyek\u00fbn talep hezimete u\u011fray\u0131nca yerine konacak ba\u015fka bir kuram olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Fakat 2008\u2019de neo-liberalizm hezimete u\u011frad\u0131ktan ve da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, yerine konacak hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey yoktu<\/strong>. Bundan dolay\u0131 biz bug\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fclerle diriltilen \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcnmeye devam etti\u011fini izliyoruz.\u00a0 <strong>Son 80 y\u0131lda sol ve merkez hi\u00e7bir yeni ekonomik model \u00fcretemediler. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Keynes\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131 anmak bile \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f alametidir.\u00a0 <\/strong>21. y\u00fczy\u0131l bunal\u0131mlar\u0131na Keynes kurtarma kuramlar\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ana konunun dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir: \u0130nsanlar\u0131n eski fikir ve hedefler etraf\u0131nda seferber edilmesi art\u0131k \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>70\u2019li y\u0131llarda a\u00e7\u0131klanan eksiklikler tamamen s\u0131f\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve ortadan kaybolmu\u015f say\u0131lamaz; ve en \u00f6nemli olan, en b\u00fcy\u00fck bunal\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z olan \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fine, eski hedeflerle hi\u00e7bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunabilmek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir<strong>. Keynescilik, t\u00fcketici talebini art\u0131rarak ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme yarat\u0131yordu. \u00d6yle ki, t\u00fcketici talebi ile ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ise \u00e7evrenin yok olmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecindeki iki motordur.<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"bghab-2752932726\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-50-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Keynes kuram\u0131 ile neo-liberalizmin tarihe g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere,<strong> hezimete u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f bir sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 olmak hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi halletmez. <\/strong>\u00d6nemli olan \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f olan\u0131n yerine devam\u0131 olacak bir se\u00e7enek sunabilmekte gizlenir. Liberal ve sol taraf\u0131n daha geni\u015f bir kapsamda anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla \u00f6n\u00fcnde duran<strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6dev, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l istemlerine ve ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyacak yeni bir sistemi bilin\u00e7li olarak yarat\u0131p hayata \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2587749607\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u015eakir ARSLANTA\u015e Konu: Bir ya\u015fl\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn boyu birbiriyle oyna\u015f\u0131p bo\u011fu\u015fan, biri beyaz, \u00f6teki siyah 2 k\u00f6pe\u011fi ve onlar\u0131 seyreden bir torunu varm\u0131\u015f. Bir g\u00fcn torun<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":20024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/bg-1.jpg?fit=820%2C528&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-5cU","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20020\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}