{"id":19498,"date":"2016-06-29T01:50:45","date_gmt":"2016-06-28T23:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=19498"},"modified":"2019-07-21T12:27:59","modified_gmt":"2019-07-21T10:27:59","slug":"turk-tarihinin-baslangici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/turk-tarihinin-baslangici\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk Tarihinin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div>Murat ULUT\u00dcRK<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n milletle\u015fme s\u00fcreci onlar\u0131n avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00e7ift\u00e7i-\u00e7obanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ilmesi ile ba\u015flar. T\u00fcrkleri olu\u015fturacak insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00d6 6000&#8217;lerde koyun yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fine ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bu tarih atl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile ilk T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olan Anav k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-mz2LAOLEtGo\/Vmfsjm1-OqI\/AAAAAAAATVI\/W6UpwkLOd2o\/s1600\/altay-Tanr%25C4%25B1.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-mz2LAOLEtGo\/Vmfsjm1-OqI\/AAAAAAAATVI\/W6UpwkLOd2o\/s640\/altay-Tanr%25C4%25B1.jpg?resize=640%2C372\" width=\"640\" height=\"372\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div>T\u00fcrklerin atalar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00d6 2500 ile M\u00d6 1700 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Afanasiyevo k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ba\u015flayan ve M\u00d6 1700 ile M\u00d6 1200 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Andronovo K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile devam eden dolikosefal mongolitlerle ortak y\u00f6nleri bulunmayan Brakifesal \u0131rka dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunurlar. Bu \u0131rk\u0131n sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip oldu\u011fu,<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>M\u00d6 1700 y\u0131llar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kitleler halinde Altay Da\u011flar\u0131 ile Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bilinen ilk T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fu <i>\u0130skitler<\/i> dir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>S\u00fcvari tekni\u011fini bulan, yani modern anlamda at binen ilk kavim T\u00fcrklerdir. \u00c7inliler de ata binmeyi <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">M\u00d6 3. yy.da Hunlardan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><div id=\"bghab-1397357869\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><b>\u00d6nemli T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><b>K\u0131rg\u0131zlar<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>En eski T\u00fcrk kavimlerinden biri olan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, ilk ba\u015fta Yenisey Irma\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresinde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. M. S. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Asya Hun Devleti&#8217;ne ba\u011fland\u0131lar ve Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yerle\u015ftiler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Asya Hun devleti&#8217;nin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet kurdular. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti kurulunca da ona ba\u011fland\u0131lar. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti&#8217;nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra bir s\u00fcre ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya\u015fayan K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Uygur Devleti kurulunca bu yeni siyasi te\u015fkilat\u0131n i\u00e7ine girdiler. Daha sonra tekrar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ettiler ve Uygur Devleti&#8217;ni y\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bu yeni K\u0131rg\u0131z Devleti 80 y\u0131l ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya\u015fad\u0131. Daha sonra beliren Hitaylar, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar\u0131 kuzeydeki eski yurtlar\u0131na s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar daha sonra Karahanl\u0131lar Devleti&#8217;ne ba\u011fland\u0131lar, ancak yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda beliren Mo\u011fol Devleti b\u00fct\u00fcn Asya&#8217;n\u0131n kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Pek \u00e7ok devlet ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. K\u0131rg\u0131zlar da uzun bir s\u00fcre siyasi varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaybettiler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>Sibirler<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\u00c7ok hareketli T\u00fcrk kavimlerinden biri olan Sibirler, Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcneyinde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. V. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Ural Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney do\u011fusuna geldiler ve burada ya\u015fayan ba\u015fka baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk kavimlarinin g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine neden oldular. VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyine yerle\u015ftiler ve oradan da Anadolu&#8217;nun baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Ba\u015fka bir T\u00fcrk devleti olan Avarlarla rekabet edemeyince VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00fc\u00e7lerini yitirdiler ve bir s\u00fcre sonra Sasani Devleti&#8217;ne ba\u011fland\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>Akhunlar<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131 <i>Eftalitler<\/i> olan Akhunlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck Hun kavminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131rlar. IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda, baz\u0131 Hun boylar\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Altay b\u00f6lgesinden ayr\u0131larak g\u00fcney bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerlemesiyle Akhunlar, tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu. \u00d6nlerine katt\u0131klar\u0131 di\u011fer kavimleri bat\u0131ya do\u011fru s\u00fcren Akhunlar, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Afganistan&#8217;a yerle\u015ftiler. Bir yandan da Hazar Denizi&#8217;nin do\u011fu sahillerine ilerleyerek \u0130ran&#8217;la kom\u015fu oldular. B\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fck bir T\u00fcrk devleti daha kurulmu\u015f oldu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Orta Asya&#8217;n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda egemenlik kurmak i\u00e7in, \u0130ran&#8217;da ya\u015fayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Sasanilerle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rekabetin i\u00e7ine girdiler. V. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda bu rekabet, Akhunlar\u0131n kesin zaferi ile bitti. \u00d6te yandan Hindistan&#8217;\u0131n kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131 da Akhunlar\u0131n egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015fti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda bu bask\u0131lardan bunalan \u0130ranl\u0131lar, Akhunlular\u0131n Orta Asya&#8217;daki egemenli\u011finden rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duymaya ba\u015flayan G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti ile g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fi yapt\u0131lar. VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hemen ba\u015flar\u0131nda, bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck ordunun aras\u0131nda kalan Akhunlular yenilerek da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ard\u0131ndan bir k\u0131s\u0131m Akhunlar Hindistan&#8217;a yerle\u015firken, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Akhun Devleti, Hunlar\u0131n siyasi bir varl\u0131k olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 son devlet olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>Avarlar<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Asya Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra Anayurdumuzda To-pa ve Avar (Cu-Cen)kavimleri bu siyasi bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmu\u015flard\u0131. Her iki kavim de T\u00fcrk&#8217;t\u00fc. 546-552 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcren G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk &#8211; Avar m\u00fccadeleleri, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti&#8217;nin kurulmas\u0131, Avarlar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile son bulmu\u015ftu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Baz\u0131 Sibir boylar\u0131n\u0131, yine onlar gibi T\u00fcrk olan Onogurlar\u0131 ve hatta baz\u0131 Slav ve Macar topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 da yanlar\u0131na alarak, on y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir g\u00f6\u00e7ten sonra Tuna Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Macaristan&#8217;dan ge\u00e7en y\u00f6relerine yerle\u015ftiler. B\u00f6ylece Bizans&#8217;la kom\u015fu oldular.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Avar Devleti b\u00fct\u00fcn Orta Avrupa&#8217;ya egemen olmu\u015ftu. Ayn\u0131 tarihlerde \u00fcnl\u00fc Avar Ka\u011fan\u0131 Bayan Han, Balkanlara inip \u0130stanbul \u00f6nlerine kadar gelmi\u015fti. Bir yandan da \u0130talya&#8217;n\u0131n kuzeyine kadar etkilerini yayan Avarlar, b\u00fcnyelerine Slavlar\u0131, Bat\u0131 Hunlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fka baz\u0131 kavimleri de alarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk meydana getirdiler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri olan bu imparatorluk, Sasanilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparak, ortak d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 olan Bizans&#8217;a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatta her iki devletin ordular\u0131 626 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul&#8217;u ku\u015fatt\u0131lar. Bizansl\u0131lar, \u015fehri bu sald\u0131r\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla kurtard\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Avarlar, b\u00fcnyelerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ilkel kavimlere kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini de a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar. \u00d6zellikle Slavlar toplum ve ordu d\u00fczenini Avarlardan \u00f6\u011frendiler. Giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Slavlar, art\u0131k yava\u015f yava\u015f Avar Devleti&#8217;ni sarsmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Bat\u0131 Avrupa&#8217;daki B\u00fcy\u00fck Karl&#8217;\u0131n (\u015earlman) imparatorlu\u011fu ile de rekabete giren Avarlar, g\u00fc\u00e7lerini yitirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda da, \u00f6zellikle Slavlar\u0131n etkisiyle Avar Devleti ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Son Avar ka\u011fanlar\u0131ndan Tudun Han H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Avarlar Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerine da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc topluluklar olarak burada ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler ve sonunda oralardaki halklarla kayna\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>Hazarlar<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Hazar T\u00fcrkleri, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti&#8217;nin en bat\u0131 ucunda ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Hazarlar yava\u015f yava\u015f bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerleyip Hazar Denizi&#8217;nin tam kuzeyindeki geni\u015f b\u00f6lgede, VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda devletlerini kurdular.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Hazarlar eski T\u00fcrk dinlerini bir s\u00fcre sonra b\u0131rakarak Musevili\u011fi kabul ettiler. Yahudiler bir yana, kitle halinde, Musevi olan bir ba\u015fka kavim Hazarlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mevcut de\u011fildir. Ama bir s\u00fcre sonra Hazarlar aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k da yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Devletin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru art\u0131k M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k da Hazarlar i\u00e7inde ye\u015fermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00e7ok dinlilik, olduk\u00e7a ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc olan Hazar T\u00fcrklerini hi\u00e7 etkilememi\u015fti. \u00d6yleki; Devletin yedi tane yarg\u0131c\u0131 vard\u0131. \u0130kisi Musevilerin, ikisi H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n, ikisi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ve kalan biride di\u011fer dinlere mensup olanlar\u0131n davalar\u0131na bakarlard\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Hazarlar bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeye medeniyet g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcney Rusya&#8217;y\u0131 imar edenler Hazar T\u00fcrkleridir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki bir\u00e7ok Rus \u015fehri, mesela Kief, Hazarlar taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>T\u0131pk\u0131 Avarlar gibi Hazarlar da medeniyet getirdikleri kavimlerin kurban\u0131 oldular. X. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Slav Knezleri (\u015fefleri) Hazar Devleti&#8217;ni yava\u015f yava\u015f eritmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda Devlet tamamen ortadan kalkt\u0131. Hazar T\u00fcrkleri de di\u011fer T\u00fcrk kavimleri ve Slavlar ile kayna\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>Bulgarlar<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Bug\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca Bulgaristan&#8217;da ya\u015fayan bir Slav halk\u0131 olarak bilinen Bulgarlar\u0131n asl\u0131, tam anlam\u0131yla T\u00fcrk&#8217;t\u00fcr. Bulgar ad\u0131 dahi T\u00fcrk\u00e7edir ve&#8217; bulamak&#8217;,&#8217; bulgalamak&#8217; (yani kar\u0131\u015fmak) kelimelerinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Bulgarlar, Hun boylar\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015fan bir ba\u015fka T\u00fcrk boyu Ogurlar&#8217; \u0131n soyundan gelmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>B\u00fcy\u00fck Asya Hun \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7inde bulunan Ogurlar IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hazar Denizi&#8217;nin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na, \u0130dil (Volga) havzas\u0131na akt\u0131lar. Orada Bat\u0131 Hun Devleti&#8217;nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesinden gelen boylarla birle\u015ferek&#8217; Bulgar&#8217; T\u00fcrk kavmini olu\u015fturdular.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\u0130dil (Volga) Bulgarlar\u0131 VII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda tam bir devlet olarak belirdiler. \u00dcnl\u00fc hakanlar\u0131 Kubat zaman\u0131nda (\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:679) en parlak d\u00f6nemlerini ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Bu s\u0131rada kurulan ve giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Hazar Devleti, Volga Bulgarlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla kendi b\u00fcnyesine almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak Hazarlar\u0131n X. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015fmeleri \u00fczerine Volga Bulgarlar\u0131 yeniden toparland\u0131lar ve bu arada M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edip Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler verdiler. Volga Bulgar Devleti&#8217;ni Cengiz Han&#8217;\u0131n torunlar\u0131nda olan Batu ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Bulgarlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, V. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda \u0130dil y\u00f6resindeki karde\u015flerinden ayr\u0131larak daha bat\u0131ya ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Tuna Nehri \u00e7evresine yerle\u015fmi\u015fti. Esas merkezleri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kuzey Bulgaristan&#8217;\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Burada \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet kurdular.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Tuna Bulgarlar\u0131 bir s\u00fcre Avarlarla birlikte oldular. Bizans&#8217;a kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Avar Devleti ortadan kalk\u0131nca Bulgarlar yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. Ba\u015fkentleri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015eumnu civar\u0131nda idi. Tuna T\u00fcrk Bulgar Devleti IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Kurum han&#8217;\u0131n o\u011flu Omurtag Han&#8217;\u0131n i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesiyle alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131. K\u0131sa zamanda Do\u011fu Avrupa&#8217;n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devleti konumuna geldiler. Ama verimli topraklar\u0131na bol miktarda Slav halk\u0131n akmas\u0131 ve gene IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Ortodokslu\u011fu kabul etmeleri \u00fczerine yava\u015f yava\u015f benli\u011fini yitiren Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri Bizans-Slav k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7evresine girdiler. Bir s\u00fcre sonrada devletleri tamamen ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><div id=\"bghab-1108292531\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>T\u00fcrgi\u015fler<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti&#8217;nin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 esas kavim olan Onoklar i\u00e7inden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir boy grubunun ad\u0131 da T\u00fcrgi\u015fler dir (T\u00fcrke\u015fler de denir).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Esas yurtlar\u0131 Balka\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fcn g\u00fcneyindeki \u0130li Irma\u011f\u0131 vadisidir. VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Sulu Han&#8217;\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olmas\u0131na kadar, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrklerin i\u00e7inde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk egemenli\u011fini kabul etmemek i\u00e7in devaml\u0131 onlarla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdir. As\u0131l \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc, VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Orta Asya&#8217;ya girmeye ba\u015flayan Emevi Araplar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Emeviler, Arap olmayanlara adil davranmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Orta Asya&#8217;n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130slamiyeti kabul eden T\u00fcrkler onlardan rahats\u0131z oluyorlard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Sulu Han bu Emevi ordular\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli yenilgiye u\u011fratarak daha ileri gitmelerine imkan vermemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Sulu Han&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra zay\u0131flayan T\u00fcrgi\u015fler bir s\u00fcre sonrada tamamen devlet olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdiler. Ama halk \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk topluluklar i\u00e7inde ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>Karluklar\u00a0<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Karluklar T\u00fcrklerin O\u011fuz boylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Belirmeleri olduk\u00e7a ge\u00e7tir. Karluklar\u0131n G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 biliniyor. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti&#8217;nin ilk d\u00f6nemi sona ererken (VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131) Karluklar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcney Altay b\u00f6lgesi bir s\u00fcre \u00c7inlilerin eline ge\u00e7ti. Karluklar, Basmiller ve Uygurlarla birle\u015ferek G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti&#8217;ne son vermi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Karluklar, 756 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lendiler ve Tokmak ile Talas \u015fehirleri y\u00f6resinde bir devlet kurdular. Bu devlet T\u00fcrgi\u015flerin yerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Araplara kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fte bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131larsa da IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130slamiyeti kabul etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Bir s\u00fcre sonra Karluklar\u0131n tamam\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul ettiler, Uygurlarla birle\u015ferek Karahanl\u0131lar Devleti&#8217;ni kurdular.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><b>Macarlar<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Macarlar, Finli kavimlerden birinin bir T\u00fcrk kavmi olan Onogurlarla kayna\u015fmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk yurtlar\u0131 Ural Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeydi. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Avarlarla Sibirlerin bask\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine ilk \u00f6nce Kuzey Kafkasya&#8217;ya g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fcler. Oradan da Karpatlar b\u00f6lgesine ge\u00e7ip bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 kurdular. Macarlara g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131 buralara getiren \u015fefleri, Atilla&#8217;n\u0131n torunlar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Hun-Macar yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha somut bir bi\u00e7imde belirmektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Macarlar X. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karpatlarda ve Macar ovas\u0131nda Hun ve Avarlardan kalan boylarla birle\u015fip g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devlet kurdular. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda Saksonlara yenildiler ve yava\u015f yava\u015f H\u0131ristiyanla\u015ft\u0131lar. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Macarlar, Katolikli\u011fin Do\u011fu Avrupa&#8217;daki koruyucular\u0131 oldular. Macar tarihi bundan sonra Avrupa tarihine ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>Pe\u00e7enekler, Uzlar ve Kumanlar<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>Pe\u00e7enekler G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Devleti i\u00e7inde, bat\u0131da Aral G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresinde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Tuna boylar\u0131na kadar geldiler. Giderek Romenler ve Bizansl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015farak XI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda H\u0131ristiyan oldular. Bulgaristan&#8217;daki Pe\u00e7enekler, Osmanl\u0131lar Balkanlar\u0131 fethedince M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldular. Romanya&#8217;da ya\u015fayan Pe\u00e7enekler ise H\u0131ristiyan olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkl\u00fck bilin\u00e7lerini kaybetmemi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><b>Uzlar <\/b>ise O\u011fuzlar\u0131n bir kolu idi. Pe\u00e7eneklerin ard\u0131ndan Balkanlara geldiler. Macarlarla birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131lar. XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar benliklerini korudularsa da, bir s\u00fcre sonra Macarla\u015fmaktan kurtulamad\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><b>Kumanlar<\/b> (K\u0131p\u00e7aklar) da \u00e7ok hareketli bir T\u00fcrk kavmi olup Do\u011fu Avrupa&#8217;da \u00f6nemli roller oynam\u0131\u015flar ve Orta\u00e7a\u011f Asya tarihinde Mo\u011follarla Ruslar aras\u0131nda kader belirtici bir geli\u015fim \u00e7izmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>O\u011fuzlar<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>O\u011fuzlar T\u00fcrk kavimleri i\u00e7inde en kalabal\u0131k ve en \u00fcnl\u00fc olanlar\u0131d\u0131r. O\u011fuzlar G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk kavmi olmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra Orta Asya&#8217;n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7en O\u011fuzlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc X. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda dalgalar halinde ba\u015fta \u0130ran olmak \u00fczere \u00d6n Asya \u00fclkelerine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, Sel\u00e7uklular hanedan\u0131n\u0131n kurdu\u011fu ilk devlettir. Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan kurulan di\u011fer devletler ise, <i>Kirman Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/i>,<i> Irak Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti,<\/i> <i>Suriye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti <\/i>ve <i>Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/i>&#8216;dir. 1038-1157 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular, en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olduklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Harezm, Horasan, \u0130ran, Irak, Suriye, Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Anadolu&#8217;ya egemen olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><div id=\"bghab-1851272053\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div><b>Orta Asya(T\u00fcrkistan) D\u00f6nemi<\/b><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-MrbA5eoJLuQ\/VmdpoxNsR7I\/AAAAAAAATUk\/Uk8XYm0qsvE\/s1600\/T%25C3%25BCrk_Tarihi_565.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-MrbA5eoJLuQ\/VmdpoxNsR7I\/AAAAAAAATUk\/Uk8XYm0qsvE\/s640\/T%25C3%25BCrk_Tarihi_565.jpg?resize=640%2C278\" width=\"640\" height=\"278\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div>\n<div>MS 565 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, G\u00f6k T\u00fcrkler veya K\u00f6k T\u00fcrkler , K\u00fcl Tigin ve Bilge Ka\u011fan yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda (K\u00f6k T\u00fcr\u00fck veya baz\u0131 yabac\u0131 kaynaklarda T\u00fcrk) \u015feklinde ge\u00e7er \u00a0552-744 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Orta Asya ve \u00c7in&#8217;de h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ka\u011fanl\u0131k.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 bug\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fekli ile ilk kez G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler d\u00f6nemine ait Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131&#8217;nda ge\u00e7mektedir. &#8220;T\u00fcrk&#8221; ad\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f ilk ve T\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131 resmi devlet ismi \u015fekliyle kullanan ilk T\u00fcrk devletidir.Devletin kurucusu ilk \u00f6nderi <\/span><i style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Bumin Ka\u011fan<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">&#8216;d\u0131r. Bumin Ka\u011fan&#8217;\u0131n karde\u015fi <\/span><i style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u0130stemi Ka\u011fan <\/i><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u00fclkenin bat\u0131 kanad\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netirdi. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler kom\u015fular\u0131 olan \u00c7in, Sasani (\u0130ran) ve Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile askeri, siyasi ve ekonomik ili\u015fkiler kurdular.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"separator\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-_pGPDVoasZ4\/VmsNcomk_II\/AAAAAAAATWU\/fpDJnXOyn3g\/s1600\/o%25C4%259Fuzlar.png\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-_pGPDVoasZ4\/VmsNcomk_II\/AAAAAAAATWU\/fpDJnXOyn3g\/s640\/o%25C4%259Fuzlar.png?resize=640%2C528\" width=\"640\" height=\"528\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>O\u011fuzlar, O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131&#8217;na g\u00f6re 24 boydan ve Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud&#8217;un Div\u00e2nu L\u00fcgati&#8217;t-T\u00fcrk eserine g\u00f6re 22 boydan olu\u015fan en kalabal\u0131k T\u00fcrk boyu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu O\u011fuz boyundand\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu kuran T\u00fcrk boyu O\u011fuzlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan Destan\u0131&#8217;na g\u00f6re O\u011fuz boylar\u0131; 24 O\u011fuz boyunu \u00f6nce iki kolda (Bozoklar ve \u00dc\u00e7oklar) daha sonra O\u011fuz Han&#8217;\u0131n 6 o\u011fluna ve son olarak da onlar\u0131n 4 o\u011fluna ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Listelerin kaynaklar\u0131, Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud ve 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan Re\u015fideddin&#8217;e dayanmaktad\u0131r. Re\u015fid\u00fcddin 24, Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud ise 22 boy saymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Balkanlar D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>Hunlar<\/b><br \/>\nT\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131nda, Balkanlardaki tarihleri MS 3. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hunlar, Gotlardan, Alanlardan ve Germen Taifallardan olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131 kuvvetlerle takviyeli olarak ilk defa 378 bahar\u0131nda Tuna&#8217;y\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. Romal\u0131lardan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6rmeksizin Trakya&#8217;ya kadar ilerlemi\u015flerdir. Roma imparatoru I. Theodosius&#8217;un \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131l\u0131 olan 395\u2019te Hunlar yeniden Balkanlar\u2019da hareketlenmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Hunlar, MS 380 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Balkanlar\u2019a egemenlik kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda h\u00e2kim olan Hunlar, Slavlardan daha \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Balkanlar\u2019da yerle\u015fen Hun idari yap\u0131lanmas\u0131, idarede ve devlet i\u00e7indeki T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin yan\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok Ural kavmi, Germen kavimleri (Gotlar, Gepidler vb.), Slavlar, Sarmatlar gibi bir\u00e7ok kavmin beraber ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yap\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\nMS 453 y\u0131l\u0131nda Attila&#8217;n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile beraber Balkanlar\u2019da Hun g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ve sonras\u0131nda da Hunlar\u0131n idaresi ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Tuna Bulgarlar\u0131\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\nVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 Bulgar kabileleri, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 Asparuh&#8217;un kumandas\u0131nda Tuna&#8217;y\u0131 ge\u00e7erek Bat\u0131 Karadeniz ile Tuna nehri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen Slavlar\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetleri alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<br \/>\nBalkanlar\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusuna yerle\u015fen Bulgar boylar\u0131, devletleri i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan b\u00fcy\u00fck Slav n\u00fcfusuyla beraber ya\u015farken, bir s\u00fcre sonra bu Slav boylar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine do\u011fru y\u00f6nelip Slavla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<br \/>\nDo\u011fudan, Asya i\u00e7inden, Kuzey Karadeniz step b\u00f6lgesi yoluyla birbiri ard\u0131ndan gelen atl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrk kavimleri, ya burada Dac, Trak ve Slav asl\u0131ndan yerli halkla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ortadan kaybolmu\u015f (11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda O\u011fuz asl\u0131ndan Pe\u00e7enekler ve Uzlar gibi), yahut asker\u00ee egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olarak Kuzeydo\u011fu Balkanlar\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletler kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu sonuncular aras\u0131nda, bir T\u00fcrk boyu olan Kutrigurlar\u0131n 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 Bulgar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle an\u0131msanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bulgarlar\u0131n Dobruca&#8217;da b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 kitabelerde, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar, \u201cHan\u201d unvan\u0131 ile an\u0131l\u0131r ve On \u0130ki Hayvanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Takvimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bulgar Hanlar\u0131 9-11. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda (1018&#8217;e kadar) Balkanlar&#8217;da Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 13. ve 14. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, yine Bulgaristan&#8217;da. K\u0131p\u00e7ak\/Kuman asl\u0131ndan Slavla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Terteri ve \u015ei\u015fman Hanedanlar\u0131 h\u00e2kim oldu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\"><div id=\"bghab-3007093423\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"separator\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-FBtzr8pNO10\/VmsOfL0wcnI\/AAAAAAAATWc\/mkVOb2W1Jmg\/s1600\/34-1200_yillarda_avrupa.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-FBtzr8pNO10\/VmsOfL0wcnI\/AAAAAAAATWc\/mkVOb2W1Jmg\/s640\/34-1200_yillarda_avrupa.jpg?resize=640%2C442\" width=\"640\" height=\"442\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><b>Pe\u00e7enek ve Kuman T\u00fcrk Boylar\u0131<\/b><br \/>\nBulgarlar\u0131n Balkanlara geli\u015finden daha sonra 11. ve 12. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Pe\u00e7enek, Kuman (K\u0131p\u00e7ak) ve Uz T\u00fcrkleri, Balkanlara g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fler ve bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 15. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar toplu olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015flard\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde Kumanlarla ticaret yapan Avrupal\u0131lar i\u00e7in 2500 kadar kelimeyi i\u00e7ine alan bir Kumanca s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn (Codex Cumanicus) haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>9. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, Hazar-O\u011fuz ittifak\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131na dayanamayarak, kalabal\u0131k k\u00fctleler h\u00e2linde \u0130dil\u2019i ge\u00e7ip yurtlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 Macarlar\u0131n yerine, Don-Kuban havalisine gelmi\u015flerdi (860-880 s\u0131ralar\u0131). Bu, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ilk hareketi olmu\u015ftur. Macarlar\u0131 \u00f6nlerinden s\u00fcren Pe\u00e7eneklerin gerisinde O\u011fuzlar, onlar\u0131n da gerisinde Kumanlar, Karadeniz&#8217;in kuzeyinden bat\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmi\u015flerdir. \u0130mparator K. Porphyrogennetos taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan De Administrando Imperio\u2019da (948-952\u2019lerde) kaydedildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Pe\u00e7enekler 8 boy halinde idiler. 10. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda, Karadeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fclen nehirlerin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere, \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131: \u00c7oban (Don), Tolma\u00e7 (Don\u2019un denize d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00f6lgede), K\u00fclbey (Donets), \u00c7or (\u00d6zi Nehri do\u011fusu), Karabay (\u00d6zi-Bug aras\u0131), Ertim (Dinyester), Yula (Prut), Kapan (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Tuna). \u0130lk \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc Uzlar, Hazarlar, Alanlar ve K\u0131r\u0131m b\u00f6lgesi ile temas h\u00e2linde; Yula boyu Macaristan, Kapan da Tuna Bulgarlar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri Balkanlara girmeden \u00f6nce, 12-14. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda K\u0131p\u00e7ak\/Kumanlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgede \u00fcst\u00fcn tarih\u00ee rol\u00fc yeterince vurgulanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, Dobruca&#8217;dan Akkerman&#8217;a kadar step b\u00f6lgesinde yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve Hristiyan dinine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan K\u0131p\u00e7ak\/Kumanlar \u00e7e\u015fitli hanedanlar kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlardan bir grup, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Dobruca-Varna b\u00f6lgesinde bir beylik kurmu\u015ftur (Merkezi Kalliakra); Dobroti\u00e7 ve bir Kuman ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan karde\u015fi \u00c7olpan&#8217;\u0131n Dobruca Beyli\u011fi, 1388&#8217;de I. Murad&#8217;\u0131 metb\u00fc tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f, 1393&#8217;te I. Bayezid bu beyli\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesine katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zetle, Deliorman ve Varna&#8217;dan Tuna&#8217;ya kadar giden b\u00f6lge daha Osmanl\u0131lardan \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ek bir T\u00fcrk yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu&#8217;dan Balkanlara ge\u00e7i\u015fi\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\nBalkanlar\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinden, Anadolu&#8217;dan T\u00fcrklerin Balkanlara gelip yerle\u015fmesi, 1260&#8217;lara kadar iner. Kuzey Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinden gelen T\u00fcrk oraklar\u0131, zamanla Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edip yerli Slavlarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 h\u00e2lde, Anadolu&#8217;dan gelen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler, kendi din ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini saklamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130lk yerle\u015fme, 1261&#8217;de Mo\u011follardan ka\u00e7\u0131p Bizans&#8217;a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan Sel\u00e7uk Sultan\u0131 \u0130zzeddin Keykavus&#8217;la ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mo\u011fol idaresinden ka\u00e7an otuz-k\u0131rk T\u00fcrkmen obas\u0131, kutsal ki\u015fi Sar\u0131 Saltuk Baba ile \u0130zzeddin Keykavus&#8217;un yan\u0131na gelmi\u015f ve Bizans imparatoru taraf\u0131ndan Kuzey Dobruca\u2019ya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir (1263). Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Alt\u0131n Ordu emiri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Nogay&#8217;\u0131n himayesi alt\u0131na giren bu Anadolu T\u00fcrkmen grubu, burada Baba-Saltuk kasabas\u0131 ile ba\u015fka kasabalar kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. 1332&#8217;de buradan ge\u00e7en \u0130bn Battuta, Baba kasabas\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;T\u00fcrklerin oturdu\u011fu bir \u015fehir&#8221; olarak anar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Anadolu&#8217;da ilk d\u00f6nem\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Dede Korkut Kitab\u0131\u2019ndan :<br \/>\n10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Orta Asya&#8217;dan, \u00e7oklukla \u0130ran \u00fczerinden Anadolu topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fen O\u011fuz-T\u00fcrkmen ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok boy T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk ad\u0131 Orta Asya&#8217;da T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131na mensup ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan topluluklar\u0131n G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkler d\u00f6neminden beri ortak ad\u0131d\u0131r. Anadolu&#8217;da gittik\u00e7e azalan yerli n\u00fcfus yerini T\u00fcrklere b\u0131rakmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kurulan T\u00fcrkmen beylikleri sayesinde t\u00fcm Anadolu&#8217;da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan topluluklar egemen toplum olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Anadolu&#8217;ya ilk olarak Hun, Sabir, Hazar gibi T\u00fcrk kavimleri ak\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f olsa da bu ak\u0131nlar genelde asker\u00ee ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ancak 9. ve 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karadeniz&#8217;in kuzeyinden Balkanlar&#8217;a gelen K\u0131p\u00e7ak, Pe\u00e7enek, Uz adl\u0131 T\u00fcrk kavimleri Anadolu&#8217;ya Bizans eliyle ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. As\u0131l Anadolu&#8217;nun T\u00fcrk yurdu h\u00e2line d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, do\u011fudan gelen O\u011fuz-T\u00fcrkmen g\u00f6\u00e7leriyle olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-1873620632\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu D\u00f6nemi\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\nB\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin Melik\u015fah d\u00f6nemindeki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc (1092)<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-Nv-l9ShKlZs\/Vmf5TJgfAOI\/AAAAAAAATVY\/nt7mPanbdHc\/s1600\/B%25C3%25BCy%25C3%25BCk%2B%2BSel%25C3%25A7uklu%2Bdevleti.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-Nv-l9ShKlZs\/Vmf5TJgfAOI\/AAAAAAAATVY\/nt7mPanbdHc\/s400\/B%25C3%25BCy%25C3%25BCk%2B%2BSel%25C3%25A7uklu%2Bdevleti.jpg?resize=400%2C326\" width=\"400\" height=\"326\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6\u00e7men T\u00fcrklerde bozk\u0131rdaki \u0131rmaklar\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz ediyordu. O\u011fuzname&#8217;de sal\u0131 ke\u015ffeden ki\u015fi boyun \u00f6nemli bir atas\u0131 say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hanedan\u0131n atas\u0131 olan Sel\u00e7uk Bey taraf\u0131ndan temeli at\u0131lan bu devlet Ba\u011fdat&#8217;\u0131 kendine ba\u015fkent yaparak Abbasi halifesinin koruyucusu konumuna eri\u015fti. 1092 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Melik\u015fah&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye u\u011frad\u0131. Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan kurulan di\u011fer devletler Kirman Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, Irak Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, Suriye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ve Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti&#8217;dir. 1040-1157 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular, en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olduklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Harezm, Horasan, \u0130ran, Irak, Suriye, Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Anadolu&#8217;ya egemen olmu\u015f bir T\u00fcrk devletidir. Kaplad\u0131klar\u0131 alan do\u011fuda Balka\u015f ve Iss\u0131k G\u00f6lleri, Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131; bat\u0131da Ege ve Akdeniz sahilleri, kuzeyde Aral G\u00f6l\u00fc, Hazar Denizi, Kafkasya, Karadeniz; g\u00fcneyde Arabistan dahil Umman Denizi&#8217;ne kadar ula\u015f\u0131yordu (10.000.000 km2).<br \/>\nHa\u00e7l\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131 ve Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131, Anadolu&#8217;da O\u011fuz-T\u00fcrkmen yerle\u015fmelerini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6neminde \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 bey d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan ilk ke\u015fif ve ak\u0131nlarda yurt arayan binlerce T\u00fcrkmen a\u015fireti Do\u011fu Anadolu&#8217;ya girip Bat\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;ya do\u011fru yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131 ve 1099 Bizans\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgelerine bask\u0131nlar\u0131nda Bizans emrinde olan binlerce T\u00fcrk unsuru zamanla Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu saflar\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6neminde Orta Asya ve Azerbaycan \u00fczerinden Anadolu&#8217;ya gelen T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetleri Bat\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;ya yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Beylikler d\u00f6neminde do\u011fudan gelen \u00e7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrkmen a\u015fireti, Anadolu&#8217;da T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusunun devam etmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Germiyano\u011fullar\u0131, Osmano\u011fullar\u0131 Karesio\u011fullar\u0131 ve Hamito\u011fullar\u0131 gibi bat\u0131daki T\u00fcrkmen beylikleri, T\u00fcrkmen g\u00f6\u00e7lerinden beslenmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>1200&#8217;l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Orta Asya&#8217;da ya\u015fayan Harzem\u015fah T\u00fcrkmenleri Mo\u011fol bask\u0131n\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak Anadolu beyliklerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta Asya&#8217;da Hotan, Semerkant, Ka\u015fgar, Cent gibi \u015fehirlerde yerle\u015fik olarak ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak Anadolu&#8217;ya yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<br \/>\n1243 y\u0131l\u0131nda Anadolu&#8217;nun Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131na u\u011framas\u0131yla ve Azerbaycan&#8217;da kurulan \u0130lhanl\u0131lar devleti arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla pek \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk ve Mo\u011fol unsuru Anadolu&#8217;ya yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"\">\n<p><b>\u0130lk Anadolu Beylikleri D\u00f6nemi\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Alp Arslan&#8217;\u0131n 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi&#8217;nden sonra \u0130ran \u00fczerinden gelen T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;ya yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklu devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n ikta sistemine g\u00f6re bir T\u00fcrk komutan\u0131 hakim oldu\u011fu topra\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131na sahip bulunmaktayd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re Mardin civar\u0131n\u0131 fetheden Artuk Bey 1102 y\u0131l\u0131nda burada Artuklu Beyli\u011fi&#8217;ni kurdu. Sivas, Tokat, Malatya civarlar\u0131nda hakim olan Dani\u015fment Gazi 1080 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sivas merkezli olarak Dani\u015fmentliler devletini kurdu. Erzincan ve \u00e7evresinde Meng\u00fccekliler, Erzurum ve \u00e7evresinde Saltuklular, \u0130zmir dolaylar\u0131nda da \u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Bu beyliklerden \u00c7aka Beyli\u011fi denizcilik faaliyetlerinde bulunmu\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk tarihinde ilk kez bir beylik denizcilikle me\u015fgul olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7aka Bey&#8217;in kurdu\u011fu donanma T\u00fcrk tarihine ait ilk deniz kuvvetleridir.<\/p>\n<p>Anadolu&#8217;da kurulan ilk T\u00fcrk beylikleri zamanla Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ile m\u00fccadelede zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fecek ve bu devletin hakimiyeti alt\u0131na gireceklerdir. Ancak bu beylikler Bizans Devleti&#8217;ne ve \u00f6zellikle do\u011fudaki Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusuna kar\u015f\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;nun T\u00fcrkle\u015fmesinde etkili olacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"\">\n<p><b>Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n Anadolu&#8217;da kurdu\u011fu devlettir.<br \/>\nT\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015fmesi 1071\u2019deki Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;ndan sonra h\u0131zland\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;ndan itibaren M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler Anadolu&#8217;ya ak\u0131n etmi\u015ftir; ancak \u0130slamiyet&#8217;ten \u00f6nce de Anadolu ve Balkanlarda T\u00fcrkler vard\u0131r. Sel\u00e7uklu komutan\u0131 Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah Anadolu\u2019daki fetihleri bat\u0131ya yayarak 1075&#8217;te \u0130znik\u2019i Bizans\u2019tan ald\u0131 ve buray\u0131 ba\u015fkent yaparak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.B\u00f6ylece kurulan Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti, \u0130lhanl\u0131lar\u0131n son Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu sultan\u0131n\u0131 tahttan indirdikleri 1308&#8217;e kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1252236962\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-2480003009\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<p><b>Anadolu T\u00fcrk beylikleri<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-FZ_HdZwhj6U\/VmdlaWRPCzI\/AAAAAAAATUc\/JEyY-e-u1Gw\/s1600\/Anadolu_Beylikleri.png\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-FZ_HdZwhj6U\/VmdlaWRPCzI\/AAAAAAAATUc\/JEyY-e-u1Gw\/s640\/Anadolu_Beylikleri.png?resize=640%2C320\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Anadolu Beylikleri, T\u00fcrklerin 1071\u2019deki Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Anadolu\u2019da kurduklar\u0131 devletlerdir. Sava\u015f\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan, \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu Anadolu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu&#8217;da kurulan devletlere Birinci D\u00f6nem Anadolu T\u00fcrk Beylikleri, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde; \u00f6nce Anadolu&#8217;nun bat\u0131 ucunda \u0130znik&#8217;i ba\u015fkent edinen, sonradan da Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri nedeniyle ba\u015fkentini Konya&#8217;ya ta\u015f\u0131yarak Orta Anadolu merkezli olarak devam eden Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra kurulan devletler ise \u0130kinci D\u00f6nem Anadolu T\u00fcrk Beylikleri olarak ifade edilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131, Anadolu&#8217;daki T\u00fcrkmen beylerini a\u015firetleriyle birlikte Bizans ve Kilikya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi. B\u00f6ylece Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 hem devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131yor, hem de T\u00fcrkmen beylerini denetim alt\u0131nda tutuyorlard\u0131. Ama 1243&#8217;teki K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda Mo\u011follara yenilen Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin T\u00fcrkmenler \u00fczerindeki denetimi zay\u0131flad\u0131. Bu sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Mo\u011follar\u0131n bir kolu olan \u0130lhanl\u0131lar Anadolu\u2019da denetimi ele ge\u00e7irdiler. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te u\u00e7 beylikleri, \u00f6nce \u0130lhanl\u0131lara ba\u011fl\u0131, sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Bu beyliklerden biri olan Osmanl\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, zamanla b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6b\u00fcr beyliklerin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi ve bir imparatorlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u00a0<\/b><br \/>\nOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu veya Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin \u00a0kurucusu ve Osmanl\u0131 Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n atas\u0131 olan Osman Gazi, O\u011fuzlar\u0131n Bozok kolunun Kay\u0131 boyundand\u0131r. \u00a0Devlet, Bilecik\u2019e yak\u0131n S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019te kurulmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 1299 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Prof. Dr. Halil \u0130nalc\u0131k, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nin 1299&#8217;da S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct&#8217;te de\u011fil 1302&#8217;de Yalova&#8217;da Bizans&#8217;a kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bafeus Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda devlet niteli\u011fini kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015ftir. \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun Yalova&#8217;da kuruldu\u011fu iddias\u0131na Yalova \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r\u00fc Prof. Dr. Niyazi Eruslu da destek vermi\u015ftir. Bu devlet, \u0130stanbul ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u015fehir devletine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu y\u0131km\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re bu Yeni \u00c7a\u011f&#8217;\u0131 ba\u015flatan olay olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn doru\u011funda oldu\u011fu 16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa, Orta Do\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika&#8217;n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda tutmu\u015ftur. \u00dclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 bat\u0131da Cebelitar\u0131k Bo\u011faz\u0131 (ve 1553&#8217;te Fas k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131&#8217;na, do\u011fuda Hazar Denizi ve Basra K\u00f6rfezi&#8217;ne, kuzeyde Avusturya, Macaristan ve Ukrayna&#8217;n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve g\u00fcneyde Sudan, Eritre, Somali ve Yemen&#8217;e uzanmaktayd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu 29 eyaletten ve vergiye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f Bo\u011fdan, Erdel ve Eflak prensliklerinden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Devlet zaman zaman deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 topraklarda da s\u00f6z sahibi olmu\u015ftur. Atlantik Okyanusu&#8217;ndaki k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli toprak kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 Lanzarote (1585), Madeira (1617), Vestmannaeyjar (1627) ve Lundy (1655) bu duruma \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Devlet alt\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Do\u011fu d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u015flevi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. H\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131nda bulunan topraklarda ya\u015fayan halklar zaman zaman, toplu ya da yerel ayaklanmalar ile Osmanl\u0131 iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Genel olarak din, dil ve \u0131rk ayr\u0131m\u0131ndan uzak durdu\u011fu i\u00e7in y\u00fczy\u0131llarca bir\u00e7ok devleti ve milleti hakimiyeti alt\u0131nda tutmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, eski T\u00fcrk \u00f6rf ve adetlerinin ve \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin do\u011frultusunda bir y\u00f6netim \u015fekli belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 devletinin kurulmas\u0131yla Orta Asya&#8217;dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7ler kesilmemi\u015ftir. Akkoyunlu, Karakoyunlu T\u00fcrkmenleri devletlerinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Orta Asya ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerden g\u00f6\u00e7 Azeri Safevi Devleti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1517 Yavuz Sultan Selim&#8217;in M\u0131s\u0131r seferinden sonra binlerce \u00e7ad\u0131rl\u0131k Suriye, Irak, Dulkadirli T\u00fcrkmenleri&#8217;nin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Bat\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Anadolu&#8217;da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Balkanlar&#8217;a ge\u00e7irilerek oralara isk\u00e2n ettirilmi\u015ftir ve bunlar Balkanlar\u2019daki bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1856 ve 1877 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 sonucuyla Anadolu&#8217;daki T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman say\u0131s\u0131 gittik\u00e7e artmaya; Rum ve Ermeni say\u0131s\u0131 azalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu d\u00f6nemde Balkanlardan Anadolu\u2019ya geri g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu 3 milyon kadard\u0131r (Muhacir).Bu n\u00fcfusa Bo\u015fnak ve Arnavut k\u00f6kenliler d\u00e2hil de\u011fildir<br \/>\n1856-1877 Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015flar\u0131 ve 1 d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 sonucuyla Kafkasya b\u00f6lgesinden T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli halklardan Nogaylar, Azeriler, Terekemeler, Ah\u0131ska T\u00fcrkleri, Balkar, Kara\u00e7ay gibi T\u00fcrk topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1792, 1860-63, 1874-75, 1891-1902 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Karadeniz&#8217;in kuzeyinde Ruslar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 artmas\u0131 sonucu 2 milyona yak\u0131n T\u00fcrk dili konu\u015fan K\u0131r\u0131m Tatar\u0131 ve Kazan Tatarlar\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;ya yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>1914 resm\u00ee istatisti\u011fine g\u00f6re (Kars, Ardahan ve Artvin hari\u00e7; Arap ve K\u00fcrtler dahil) \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrk olan 13.4 milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bghab-904018953\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Murat ULUT\u00dcRK D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n milletle\u015fme s\u00fcreci onlar\u0131n avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00e7ift\u00e7i-\u00e7obanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ilmesi ile ba\u015flar. T\u00fcrkleri olu\u015fturacak insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00d6 6000&#8217;lerde koyun yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fine ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[2023,120],"class_list":["post-19498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yorum","tag-tarih","tag-turk"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-54u","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19498"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19498\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}