{"id":19386,"date":"2016-06-23T01:06:30","date_gmt":"2016-06-22T22:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=19386"},"modified":"2016-06-23T01:07:04","modified_gmt":"2016-06-22T22:07:04","slug":"baskanlik-sistemi-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/baskanlik-sistemi-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemi -4-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/BG-SAM.jpg?w=640\" alt=\"BG-SAM - Bulgaristan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/><\/p>\n<p>K\u00f6kleri geleneklere dayanan ve orijinalli\u011finden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeyen T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yolu, uzak ya da yak\u0131n herhangi bir devletin y\u00f6netim sistemini kopyalama niyetinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve siyasi tarihte e\u015fi olmayan bir y\u00f6nelim simgeleyi\u015fiyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Bu, bir Yar\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ya da \u015fartl\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yolu de\u011fildir. Tek partili parlamenter sistemden \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011fa ba\u015far\u0131yla ad\u0131mlayan ve ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yeni sistemi yetkinle\u015ftirirken \u00fc\u00e7 askeri darbe ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkiye, olaya kesin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yana\u015f\u0131yor. Parlamenter sistem, siyasi rejim ve demokrasinin s\u0131k s\u0131k kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131na ve kilitlenmesine hi\u00e7 birimizin tahamm\u00fcl\u00fc kalmad\u0131. 1973-1975\u00a0 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nce\u00a0 115 g\u00fcn, sonra 206 g\u00fcn\u00a0 olmak \u00fczere toplam 321 g\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri g\u00fcven oyu alamam\u0131\u015f, \u00fclke h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerle idare edilememi\u015ftir. 7 Haziran 2006 se\u00e7imlerinden sonra da meclis ve siyaset kilitlendi. H\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulamad\u0131.\u00a0 80 milyonluk T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin b\u00f6yle bir l\u00fcks\u00fc olamaz. Ard\u0131ndan muhalefetin \u00f6nemsiz konularda &#8220;veto&#8221; sunarak mecliste \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ters y\u00f6nlendirmesi, aksat\u0131p duraksatmas\u0131 da sab\u0131r s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Parlamenter sistemin se\u00e7menle bakanlar kurulu aras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lmayan bir set olu\u015fturmas\u0131, milletvekillerinin se\u00e7mene hesap verme zorunlulu\u011fu hissetmemesi, disiplinli ve verimli parlamenter \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 do\u011fru yoldan sapt\u0131r\u0131yor..<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye \u00f6zg\u00fc bir Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemi anayasas\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lan bu gibi binlerce irili ufakl\u0131 ilkesel neden var. Bu gereklili\u011fi T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 Tayyip Erdo\u011fan&#8217;\u0131 % 52 oyla Be\u015f Tepe&#8217;ye g\u00f6nderdi. Bu bilin\u00e7li bir ad\u0131md\u0131. \u00a0Fakat bizdeki siyasi muhalefet liderleri her \u015feyde bir \u00f6c\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Bu konuda tutucu davranan siyasilerin tavr\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen, midenin, dolunayda kabu\u011fumu a\u00e7arsam belki bir daha hi\u00e7\u00a0 kapanmaz korkusudur. Deneyimler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeyen d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri halk\u0131n oyuyla kesti\u011fine i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n<p>29 Ekim 1923&#8217;te T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fc ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ti. 10 A\u011fustos 2014&#8217;e halk Say\u0131n Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan&#8217;a oy verdi. \u00a0Bu iki se\u00e7im birbirinden niteliksel farkl\u0131 olup demokrasimizin iki a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. Halk\u0131n sand\u0131k aktifli\u011fi\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye parlamenter sisteminde ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc demokraside istenen yeni olana i\u015faret etti. Se\u00e7men kitlesi tek liderli y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131; devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcvenilir bir ki\u015finin elinde toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Se\u00e7men kurumsalla\u015fma ve demokrasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde yetersizliklerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u00a0 liderle daha kolay a\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; meclis \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu sa\u011flayan parti liderinin ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131, bakanlar\u0131n do\u011frudan Ba\u015fkan taraf\u0131ndan atanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Ba\u015fkana direk hesap vermesi gerekti\u011fini; yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kalmas\u0131n\u0131; g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131m\u0131na daha sert uyulmas\u0131n\u0131 vb de\u011fi\u015fiklikler bekledi\u011fini ortaya koydu. \u00d6nemli olan bu istekler herhangi ba\u015fka bir devlet prati\u011finde kopyalanmadan ve halk iradesinin kesin ifadesi olarak g\u00fcnden olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n<p>Bu geli\u015fme d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki \u00f6rneklerden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda 50 y\u0131ldan beri yaz\u0131l\u0131yor, siyasiler g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f beyan ediyor fakat anlamak istemeyenlerin kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu \u00f6zellikler var:<\/p><div id=\"bghab-1727752868\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Birle\u015fik Amerika&#8217;dan 248 sene sonra kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemine ge\u00e7me tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bug\u00fcn de k\u0131z\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Konuyu a\u00e7anlar, her f\u0131rsatta bu y\u0131l g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi dolan 44. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Barack\u00a0 Obama&#8217;\u0131n Oval Ofisinden uzman kesiliyor. Do\u011frunun do\u011frusu, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi\u00a0 sanki ABD&#8217;den ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir \u00fclkede ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 i\u015flemedi. \u015eili, Brezilya, Arjantin, Peru vb. G\u00fcney Amerika \u00fclkelerine telkin edilen bu sistem her yerde otokrasi, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck ve keyfi idare do\u011furdu. Toplumda biriken &#8220;kara kan&#8221; hep askeri darbe yap\u0131larak ak\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Koltuk de\u011fi\u015ftiren diktat\u00f6rler demokrasi anahtar\u0131n\u0131 bulmakta zorland\u0131. Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6mlekleri topluma ya dar ya da geni\u015f geldi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye siyasetinde ge\u00e7erli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f beyan eden siyaset adamlar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 biri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemimizin ABD Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemi&#8217;nden kopyalanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamasa da, ele\u015ftirilerde yumu\u015fak mide sanki hep o modelin bize uygunsuzlu\u011fu oluyor. Ku\u015fkusuz, Amerika tarihini bilmeyenlere, Amerikan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminin do\u011fu\u015funu de\u011fi\u015fimlerle bi\u00e7imleni\u015fini anlatmak zor olur. Buna ra\u011fmen, Anayasas\u0131nda yaln\u0131z 7 madde olan bu dev devletin eyalet sistemine g\u00f6re \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fini ve iki y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan uzun birle\u015fme yolu y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, gazetelerin s\u0131k\u00e7a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, silikon vadisi bile \u00a0birlikten kopmay\u0131\u00a0 hala d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ba\u015fkan oldu\u011funda, ayr\u0131lmaz, kopmaz, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir \u00fcniteden s\u00f6z a\u00e7mak bile bir yere kadar sanki anlams\u0131z oluyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bir de, t\u00fcm demokrasilerin ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin alt dokusunda toplumu ba\u011flayan insan haklar\u0131 var. Askeri ya da siyasi nedenleri ne olursa olsun, 1861-65 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kuzey Amerika&#8217;y\u0131 kan g\u00f6l\u00fc haline getiren \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f&#8217;\u0131n insan haklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan o zamandan 150 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, akla ilk gelen hep 4. Ba\u015fkan Thomas Jefferson&#8217;un &#8220;\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Bildirisi&#8221; olur. Bu bildirinin birinci maddesinde, yar\u0131s\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015fta k\u0131r\u0131lan siyah derili Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n insan haklar\u0131 ve yasalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fit hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde elde edebildiklerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan \u015fu c\u00fcmleyi unutmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir: &#8220;Ancak \u015fimdiden sonra do\u011facak siyah derili Amerikan vatanda\u015flar\u0131na e\u015fit vatanda\u015f hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nacakt\u0131r.&#8221; Amerikan tarihinde, k\u00f6le ve k\u00f6le sahipleri aras\u0131ndaki amas\u0131z kavga, insan haklar\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, zenci lider Martin L\u00fcther King&#8217;in\u00a0 4 Nisan 1968&#8217;de kur\u015funlanarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine\u00a0 ve bir Afrika k\u00f6kenli\u00a0 olan Barack Obama&#8217;n\u0131n ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilmesine kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye parlamenter tarihinde ve Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemine y\u00f6neliminde bu \u00e7ileli yolu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran sayfa yoktur. Ayn\u0131 \u015feyi Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in de s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Milenyum d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc Karl Marx, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Londra d\u00f6neminde\u00a0 &#8220;\u0130nternational Herald Trib\u00fcne&#8221; yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 12 b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fck &#8220;Cennet&#8221; dizesinde, Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Bir de, tan\u0131m\u0131na din, dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131, ezan ve \u00e7an sesi, t\u00fcm do\u011fal haklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu ekler.<\/p>\n<p>Olaya b\u00f6yle yakla\u015f\u0131nca, yaln\u0131zca &#8220;ba\u015fkan&#8221; s\u00f6z\u00fcne ba\u011flanarak, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u015ftaro\u011fulu ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ters taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6ren siyaset\u00e7iler, kopard\u0131klar\u0131 &#8220;T\u00fcrkiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcyor&#8221; feryad\u0131yla\u00a0 demokratik ayd\u0131n ve sa\u011fduyulu devlet\u00e7i kesimde hayret uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan, &#8220;yasalar \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitli\u011fi&#8221; ve &#8220;demokrasiyi&#8221; bir tek b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fckte g\u00f6ren, Halk\u0131n Demokratik Partisi\u00a0 (HDP) liderleri de, geleneklerimizin s\u00fcre\u011fenli\u011fini rafa kald\u0131r\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemi&#8217;ni \u00f6z ve bi\u00e7im olarak kavramada olduk\u00e7a zorlan\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri durum ve d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lar ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmalar\u0131na g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Onlar, bir de, gen\u00e7 G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Anadolulu ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n ortak tarihimizi do\u011fru anlamas\u0131na engel oluyor.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-3134499869\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na dikilirken &#8220;ter\u00f6r&#8221; yanda\u015flar\u0131na lanet art\u0131yor. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n son se\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fcmek istedi\u011fi birlik ve beraberlik, karde\u015flik yolu hep ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemine a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Say\u0131n \u00a0Erdo\u011fan y\u00f6netiminde T\u00fcrkiye devletinin 2015 ve 2016 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadelesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131da kurban alsa da, son ter\u00f6rist etkisiz hale getirilene ve d\u00fc\u015fman elindeki son silah da betona g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcp yeri bildirilene kadar azimle devam edecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sava\u015f T\u00fcrkiye devlet b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc peki\u015ftirdi\u011fi gibi, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemine ge\u00e7me hamlelerine de ivme kazand\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-1009701673\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; K\u00f6kleri geleneklere dayanan ve orijinalli\u011finden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeyen T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yolu, uzak ya da yak\u0131n herhangi bir devletin y\u00f6netim sistemini kopyalama niyetinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve siyasi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-52G","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19386"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19386\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}