{"id":19375,"date":"2016-06-19T21:39:09","date_gmt":"2016-06-19T18:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/?p=19375"},"modified":"2016-06-23T01:01:08","modified_gmt":"2016-06-22T22:01:08","slug":"baskanlik-sistemi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/baskanlik-sistemi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemi -2-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/BG-SAM.jpg?resize=271%2C385\" alt=\"BG-SAM - Bulgaristan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" width=\"271\" height=\"385\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Eski k\u0131tada Frans\u0131z devrimiyle ba\u015flayan demokratikle\u015fme Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.\u00a0 Demokrasinin cenazesi Osmanl\u0131 devletinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bulgaristan da aralar\u0131nda, o tarihten sonra kurulan t\u00fcm devletler (\u00c7arl\u0131k, Krall\u0131k, Emirlik ve Sultanl\u0131k vb) hep g\u00fcya demokrasi ad\u0131na ve demokratik bir toplum i\u00e7in hayata \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1908&#8217;de III. Bulgar \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan yeni yap\u0131la\u015fma 1945&#8217;e kadar fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckt\u00fc, 1945&#8217;ten 1990&#8217;a kadar uzanan y\u0131llarda ise kom\u00fcnist totaliter idare sistemi oldu. Demokrasi g\u00f6kten d\u00fc\u015fen bir tohum bile olamad\u0131. 1992&#8217;de kabul edilen yeni anayasan\u0131n giri\u015finde &#8220;demokratik ve sosyal devlet&#8221; yazsa da,\u00a0 26 y\u0131ldan beri totaliter b\u00fcnyedeki buzlar eriyemedi.<\/p>\n<p>\u015e\u00f6yle bir \u015fey daha var.<\/p>\n<p>Eski k\u0131tan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fim motorunun 1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimiyle\u00a0 anaya oca\u011f\u0131nda ate\u015flendi\u011finden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fla J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131ya &#8220;zaman\u0131n doldu&#8221; i\u015faretini ancak 1905&#8217;te yani 116 y\u0131l gecikmeyle verebildi. Ne ki ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 yenile\u015fme yoluna girmi\u015f ve anayasa meselesini halletmek i\u00e7in \u015fu ad\u0131mlarla ilerliyordu. 1808&#8217;de Senedi \u0130ttifak; 1839 tarihli G\u00fclhane\u00a0 Hatt\u0131 H\u00fcmayunu; 1876&#8217;da\u00a0 Kanunu Esasi, 1921 ve 1924 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Esasiye Kanunlar\u0131, 1961 Anayasas\u0131, 1982 Anayasas\u0131, bunlar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve bug\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam eden Yeni Anayasa ya da 1982 Anayasas\u0131 \u00fczerinde Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemine ili\u015fkin son de\u011fi\u015fiklikler bir kesintisiz s\u00fcre\u00e7 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6demli ger\u00e7ek dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin, Birinci ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131nda hukuk ve devlet y\u00f6netim sistemleri s\u0131f\u0131rlanan Bat\u0131y\u0131 bu bak\u0131ma arkas\u0131nda b\u0131rakabildi\u011fi g\u00fcn gibi ortadad\u0131r. Bu\u00a0 bak\u0131mdan Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Sistemini arayan T\u00fcrkiye Bat\u0131ya parmak \u0131s\u0131rt\u0131yor. Buna \u015fa\u015fmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Yeni\u00a0 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n mucizesi T\u00fcrkiye olacakt\u0131r. Sava\u015flar, dolu ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibidir,\u00a0 parlar g\u00fcrler sonra g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n umudu hep g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcnlerdedir. T\u00fcrkiye 4 mevsimi birden ya\u015f\u0131yor ve \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n 21. yy. g\u00fcne\u015fidir.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-748034751\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#8220;G\u00fc\u00e7, do\u011fsa do\u011fsa, anayasalar hakk\u0131nda kimin ne dedi\u011fi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir:<\/p>\n<p>birlikten do\u011far&#8221; inanc\u0131yla 28&#8217;ler kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde birle\u015fen Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) halen yapay bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc birlik b\u00fcnyesini \u015farj edemiyor. \u00c7amura\u00a0 yaslanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Finans ve ekonomi bunal\u0131mdan ba\u015f kald\u0131ram\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Oysa T\u00fcrkiye yeni asra geleneklerinden kopmadan AK Parti ve lider Tayyip Erdo\u011fan \u00f6derli\u011finde &#8220;alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f&#8221; ya\u015fayarak girdi. S\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fc, mesafeleri k\u0131saltan T\u00fcrkiye bir de geli\u015fme kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131. &#8220;B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye&#8221; hayal olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye geleneksel do\u011fal co\u011frafyas\u0131na, etki alan\u0131na kay\u0131yor. Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu ve Balkanlarda bu alan k\u00f6klerine d\u00f6nerken geni\u015fliyor. Tarihte 200-300 y\u0131l bar\u0131\u015fve huzur i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan bu co\u011frafyada bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sona erece\u011fine ve &#8220;ter\u00f6r&#8221; illetiyle de kesin ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na g\u00fcvence T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;dir. Tarihte bizim olan alanlara bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve inanc\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6nce klasik fikir ocaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerimizi, derneklerimizi aray\u0131p canland\u0131r\u0131yoruz. Osmanl\u0131&#8217;dan, \u0130slam&#8217;dan yeni ku\u015faklara kalan ve zamana dayanan k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet eserlerimizi onar\u0131p kuruyarak ya\u015fat\u0131yoruz. Tohumun arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topra\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmesine seviniyoruz. Etkile\u015fim dili olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7emiz\u00a0 geli\u015fiyor. Bir ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc dini olan \u0130slam\u00a0 g\u00f6n\u00fcllere dolarken bize, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131m\u0131za, misafirperverli\u011fimize, iyi kom\u015fulu\u011fumuza ve ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ilgi art\u0131yor. 2016 iftarlar\u0131nda sofralar\u0131m\u0131z Balkanlarda da kalabala\u015ft\u0131. 3 milyon sava\u015f ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131ya y\u0131llarca ev sahipli\u011fi yapan T\u00fcrkiye hayret uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Kap\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7alana &#8220;Ho\u015f Geldin, Sefa Getirdin!&#8221; k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle\u00a0 d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de\u011fi\u015firiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Anavatan\u0131m\u0131z yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde en fazla masal ve efsanenin do\u011fup ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer olmakla birlikte, k\u00fclt\u00fcrle\u015fen ustal\u0131klar\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eser ve bi\u00e7imlerle ayakta kalan bir medeniyetler d\u00fcnyas\u0131d\u0131r. Topraklar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ald\u0131klar\u0131yla &#8220;Pergamon Museum&#8221; gibi Berlin, Londra, Paris ve New York&#8217;larda k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezleri a\u00e7\u0131p i\u015fleten emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler, asl\u0131nda bug\u00fcn de &#8220;Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f d\u00fcvelini&#8221; ancak bir hammadde ve folklor kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ya\u015fatmak ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrmek istiyorlar. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin ger\u00e7ek modern k\u00fclt\u00fcrde sanat\u0131, hukuku, ahlak\u0131, felsefe ve bilimi ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bug\u00fcn ve gelecek olarak harmanlayarak ya\u015fatmas\u0131 ve Ba\u015fkanl\u0131kla y\u00f6netilecek \u00f6zg\u00fcn devleti sistemini ararken sars\u0131lmaz bir temel haline getirmesi, y\u0131llardan beri bir\u00e7o\u011funun\u00a0 uykusunda kabus oluyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk kez T\u00fcrk halk\u0131, tekni\u011fi Bat\u0131dan alal\u0131m, fakat ahlak\u0131m\u0131zda, hukukumuzda Do\u011fulu kalal\u0131m demedi. \u00dcstelik tekni\u011fi, bilimi uluslararas\u0131 bir fikir piyasas\u0131ndan alal\u0131m, fakat sanat\u0131m\u0131z, felsefemiz milli olsun da demedi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6yle bir milletleraras\u0131 piyasa yoktur. &#8220;B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye&#8221; hamlesi uluslararas\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr sanat, finans, borsa\u00a0 merkezlerini\u00a0 Asya ve Afrika&#8217;n\u0131n bulu\u015fma merkezi \u0130stanbul&#8217;da toplamay\u0131 ba\u015farabildi. Bu yeni ve daha y\u00fcksek bir seviyede bir bulu\u015fmad\u0131r. Ve ancak sanatta da, hukukta da, bilimde de, felsefede de, g\u00f6rsel alanda, edebiyat ve sanal tasar\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kta ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek bir seviyeye eri\u015febilmemizle ger\u00e7ekle\u015febildi. Hukuk \u015fekilleri ve felsefe \u00f6rneklerimize g\u0131pta edilerek bak\u0131l\u0131rken, sanat eserlerimiz &#8220;B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye&#8221;nin etki alan\u0131nda yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc belirliyor. A\u011f\u0131r trajediler unutuluyor, 1951, 1968, 1976 g\u00f6\u00e7leri, 1985 &#8220;soya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f&#8221; zulm\u00fc yaralar\u0131 kap kopar\u0131yor, &#8220;Ne Mutlu T\u00fcrk\u00fcm Diyene!&#8221; ger\u00e7e\u011fi kanatlan\u0131yor. Araplar, Rumlar, Makedon ve S\u0131rplarla birlikte bug\u00fcn\u00a0 T\u00fcrk dizileri\u00a0 Bulgarlar\u0131 da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ekrana kilitledi. Saray ve k\u00f6\u015fklerimizin, yal\u0131 ve k\u00f6rfezlerimizin, mimarl\u0131kta son s\u00f6z yap\u0131tlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fini ve ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 g\u00f6rmek isteyenler turist kafileleriyle s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 zorluyorlar.\u00a0 Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferlerde yarat\u0131c\u0131 olmayan bir millerin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmez. Yaratt\u0131 eserlerle uluslararas\u0131 piyasadan pay alamaz. D\u00fcnyadaki yeni de\u011fi\u015fimlerde \u00f6ncelik edemez. Daha da ilgin\u00e7 olan, kendisi yerinde sayarken, Bat\u0131dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknikle yeni bir \u00fcretim boyutuna y\u00fckselemez. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;mizi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemine zorlayan b\u00fcy\u00fck ger\u00e7eklerden biri bu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz B\u00fcy\u00fck Atat\u00fcrk&#8217;\u00fcn T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na en b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmeti &#8220;Bizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye \u00f6\u011fretmesidir.&#8221; T\u00fcrk\u00fcye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi\u00a0 bu kap\u0131y\u0131 geni\u015fletirken yerine \u00e7ift kanatl\u0131 giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 tak\u0131yor. Bu i\u015fin y\u00fcksek mimar\u0131\u00a0 yerle\u015fik bir sistemin i\u00e7inde yeti\u015fen ve halk lideri olan Say\u0131n Tayyip Erdo\u011fan&#8217;d\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ek anla\u015f\u0131lmadan AK Parti ve \u00f6nderinin y\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcren aras\u0131z yo\u011fun \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamaz.<\/p><div id=\"bghab-2522633325\" class=\"bghab-icerik-icine-10-paragraf bghab-entity-placement\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6203283170189293\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7303146466\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<p>Olaylara bu a\u00e7\u0131dan yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, 1990&#8217;lardan bu yana her ad\u0131mda \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7\u0131kan Amerikal\u0131 siyaset bilimci \u00a0Samuel Huntington&#8217;un &#8220;Medeniyetler \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131&#8221; eserini anlayabilmemiz kolayla\u015f\u0131r. O, &#8220;So\u011fuk Sava\u015f&#8221; sonras\u0131 y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak uluslararas\u0131 ittifak ya da ihtilaflarda belirleyici olan unsurun politik ya da ekonomik, ideolojiler de\u011fil, medeniyetler olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Gerek\u00e7esinde, 56 devletli \u0130slam D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve ortak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman medeniyeti \u00fczerinde egemen olamayan hi\u00e7 bir Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn, tek kutuplu egemen ve bask\u0131n lideri olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. Hundington, bunu yazamadan \u00f6ld\u00fc.\u00a0 Ondan sonra ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ayn\u0131 tezgahta harmanlayan hayat, Amerika&#8217;y\u0131 soldurmaya devam ederken, Rusya son \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131\u015flar a\u015famas\u0131na girdi, derken eski k\u0131ta da bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakaland\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sosyal alanda ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ngilizlerin 2016 halk oylamas\u0131yla &#8220;Hasta Adam&#8221; dedikleri AB&#8217;den uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. 1850&#8217;den 1950&#8217;ye kadar devam eden Avrupa&#8217;da Almanya \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 noktaland\u0131. Niteliklerin birikiminden nitelik do\u011far felsefe \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc hala genel ge\u00e7erli olsa da, AB&#8217;de birle\u015fen 28 \u00fclkeden ne yeni anayasa \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131, Shengen Sistemi tel \u00f6rg\u00fclerle yamaland\u0131, yeni bir medeniyet ufku a\u011farmad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"bghab-2173925605\" class=\"bghab-yazi-altinda bghab-entity-placement\"><div class=\"bghab-adlabel\">Reklamlar<\/div><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- bghaber-yaz\u0131-sonu -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6203283170189293\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4222328180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130kinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm Eski k\u0131tada Frans\u0131z devrimiyle ba\u015flayan demokratikle\u015fme Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131&#8217;nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.\u00a0 Demokrasinin cenazesi Osmanl\u0131 devletinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bulgaristan da aralar\u0131nda, o tarihten sonra<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yorum"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc2PfJ-52v","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19375"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19375\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bghaber.org\/bghaber\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}