Elmay\u0131 satan bilir
\nTad\u0131n\u0131 tatan bilir
\nMac\u0131rl\u0131k ate\u015ften g\u00f6mlekmi\u015f
\nAc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken bilir(Halk M\u00e2nisi)<\/p>\n
Muhacirli\u011fi Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerine sorarsan\u0131z, bunun ate\u015ften bir g\u00f6mlek oldu\u011fu cevab\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nyaz\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusu Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Harbinde ba\u015flayarak yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fe kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de devam etmektedir. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra d\u00fcnyada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen en b\u00fcy\u00fck kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc yine Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n1989\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcyle daha \u00f6nceleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar da vard\u0131. \u00d6nceki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7lere Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 sebebiyet vermi\u015fti. Daha sonraki g\u00f6\u00e7ler, \u00f6rne\u011fin 1950\/51 ve 1968\/77 y\u0131llar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7leri T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. S\u00f6z konusu y\u0131llarda g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlere Bulgar makamlar\u0131nca verilen pasaportlar T\u00fcrk ad ve soyadlar\u0131yla verilmi\u015f, pasaportlar\u0131 da g\u00f6\u00e7 pasaportuydu. 1989\u2019un kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnde ise sava\u015f yoktu, T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f herhangi bir g\u00f6\u00e7 antla\u015fmas\u0131 da yoktu. En ilgin\u00e7 olan\u0131, zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7te T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelenlerin ellerinde g\u00f6\u00e7 pasaportu de\u011fil, turist pasaportu vard\u0131 ve bunlarda Bulgar adlar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. 1989\u2019un yaz aylar\u0131nda tarlada, fabrikada, maden ocaklar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan onbinlerce \u201cBulgara\u201d (T\u00fcrke) i\u015flerini b\u0131rakt\u0131r\u0131p yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 seyahatine \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131, \u201cturist\u201d kervanlar\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 emredilmi\u015fti. Yetkililer, \u201cBu g\u00f6\u00e7 de\u011fil, bu bir turizm hizmetidir. Biz Viyana Antla\u015fmas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda Halk (Ulusal) Meclisimizin bir insanc\u0131l karar\u0131n\u0131 uyguluyoruz. G\u00fcnde bir iki tren de\u011fil, d\u00f6rt, alt\u0131, sekiz tren yollamaya imk\u00e2nlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 seferber ettik\u201d, diyorlard\u0131. Evet, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen Bulgar vatanda\u015flar\u0131na 1 Eyl\u00fcl 1989 tarihinden itibaren yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pasaportu verilmesi yasas\u0131 May\u0131s ay\u0131nda Meclisten ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Ama yetkililer 1 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fc beklemediler. 29 May\u0131sta Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Todor Jivkov\u2019un Bulgar ulusal televizyonunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunarak s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 istemesiyle \u201cBulgarlara\u201d turist pasaportu verilmesine ba\u015fland\u0131. Bunlar, y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce Bulgarm\u0131\u015flar da zorla T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 bilincine varm\u0131\u015flarm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Bulgar k\u00f6kenine, Bulgar asl\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flermi\u015f ve Bulgar ad\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flarm\u0131\u015f. B\u00f6yle bilin\u00e7te olan \u201cBulgarlara\u201d yasan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihten \u00f6nce pasaport verilmesi hatta baz\u0131 yerlerde pasaportlar\u0131 \u201cBulgarlar\u0131n\u201d evlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi baz\u0131 kesimleri hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu bir imtiyaz m\u0131yd\u0131, neydi, diye soruyorlard\u0131 birbirine\u2026 T\u00fcrkler bu g\u00f6\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7, Bulgar yetkililer ise b\u00fcy\u00fck seyahat, b\u00fcy\u00fck gezi dediler.
\nBulgaristan Yahudilerinden \u00fcnl\u00fc tiyatro ve sinema y\u00f6netmeni, senaryo ve roman yazar\u0131 Anjel Vagen\u015ftayn, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 aylar\u0131nda Amerika\u2019da bulunan senaryo yazar\u0131 ve dramaturg Bulgar dostu Georgi Danailov\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektubunda \u00fclkede olup bitenleri anlat\u0131rken T\u00fcrkler hakk\u0131nda da \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131: \u201cSana \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2mla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Bulgarlar\u2019\u0131n trajedisinden de s\u00f6z etmek isterim biraz. Bug\u00fcne kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 220 bin ki\u015fi Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 terk etti ve bizdeki baz\u0131 aptallar\u0131n yazmaya devam etti\u011fi gibi, bunlar kom\u015fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geziye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f. Olay ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok ac\u0131 ve sars\u0131c\u0131. Bu insanlar\u0131n kaderini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131m\u0131 tutam\u0131yorum. Korkun\u00e7! Hatta m\u00fcthi\u015f! Tamamen bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6yler, yabanile\u015fmi\u015f k\u00f6pekler, susuzluktan kurumu\u015f bah\u00e7eler, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc toplanmam\u0131\u015f tarlalar, \u0131ss\u0131z maden ocaklar\u0131\u2026 Kim kovdu bu insanlar\u0131, niye g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler? Bug\u00fcn radyoda konu\u015fan bir divaneye g\u00f6re, \u201ciyi Bulgar\u201d olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in yollara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fler. Tabi\u00ee ki bu insanlar \u201ciyi Bulgar\u201d de\u011fil ve olamazlar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcrler, ama her zaman iyi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst Bulgar vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak ya\u015fad\u0131lar\u201d (\u00c4\u00e0\u00ed\u00e0\u00e8\u00eb\u00ee\u00e2, 2001).<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc\u2026 Aileler par\u00e7alan\u0131yordu\u2026 Galip Sertel\u2019in Bir Ba\u015fka G\u00f6\u00e7 adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 okuyal\u0131m:
\nOtuzbe\u015flik bir kad\u0131n, iri tombul yanakl\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 benizli\u2026 Toprak, ter kokusu \u00fcst\u00fc-ba\u015f\u0131. Dobruca k\u00f6ylerinden\u2026 Kocas\u0131n\u0131 bir gece gelmi\u015fler, alm\u0131\u015flar, g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler. O g\u00fcn, bu g\u00fcn, ne ses, ne sel\u00e2m\u2026
\nKad\u0131na:
\n\u201cKocan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yollad\u0131k. Topla tas\u0131n\u0131-tara\u011f\u0131n\u0131, al pasaportunu! Yolcusun\u2026\u201d demi\u015fler sancak polis dairesinde\u2026
\nVe \u015fimdi de ayr\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6ncesi, trenin kalkmas\u0131na \u00e7ok az kala, torunlar dedelerinin elini \u00f6p\u00fcyor, sonra kad\u0131n, babas\u0131n\u0131n boynuna sar\u0131l\u0131yor, g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7inde:
\nBaba ba, diye a\u011fl\u0131yor\u2026 Baba ba, seni nas\u0131l b\u0131rakay\u0131m?\u201d
\nYetmi\u015flik dedenin k\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fc ta\u015f kesilmi\u015f. Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 donuk donuk, torunlar\u0131n\u0131 ok\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.
\n\u201cSab\u0131rl\u0131 ol k\u0131z\u0131m, diyor, Allah sab\u0131r versin\u2026 \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n var, k\u0131z\u0131m\u2026 Onlar\u0131 kurtar\u0131n\u2026\u201d
\nNeden, kimden kurtars\u0131nlar? Buralarda do\u011fmam\u0131\u015flar m\u0131? G\u00fcl\u00fcp ko\u015fmam\u0131\u015flar m\u0131?
\nYine kad\u0131n\u0131n sesi \u00e7\u0131nl\u0131yor ortal\u0131kta:
\nBaba ba?! Seni kimlere\u2026
\nVe i\u015fte polisin copu kesiyordu bu sesi\u2026
\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026
\nVe kad\u0131n\u0131n, kulaklar\u0131 y\u0131rtan sesi:
\n\u201cBaba ba, seni kimlere b\u0131rakay\u0131m\u2026\u201d
\nBabaya pasaport verilmemi\u015f.
\nAileler maksatla par\u00e7alan\u0131yor\u2026
\nPolis baz\u0131 k\u00f6yleri bas\u0131yor\u2026 T\u00fcrklerin evlerinde \u201cvatan hainleri\u201d aran\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerden sadece gen\u00e7ler otob\u00fcslere yaka-pa\u00e7a bindirilip s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ediliyor:\u2026 \u015eok havas\u0131 yarat\u0131l\u0131yor. G\u00fcvensizlik s\u00fcr\u00fcp gidiyor. Pasaport i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaat etmeyenlerin evlerinde tehdit estiriliyor\u2026\u201d Bulgaristan Bulgarlara, T\u00fcrkler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye!\u201d
\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026
\nVe g\u00f6\u00e7 diye zorla u\u011frat\u0131yorlar.
\nAna baba kal\u0131yor, o\u011ful gidiyor.
\nEvl\u00e2t kal\u0131yor, baba gidiyor.
\nKarde\u015f gidiyor, karde\u015f kal\u0131yor\u2026
\nOrada, Silistre gar\u0131nda, Haziran g\u00fcne\u015finin \u00f6\u011fle s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda, gerili sicimlerin boyunda, o\u011flunu u\u011furlayan bir anne, Kala\u015fnikof\u2019lu polislerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f: defol defol, s\u00f6yleniyor kendi kendine:
\n\u201cEvl\u00e2t ac\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015fka\u2026 Siz nereden bileceksiniz? Evl\u00e2t ac\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015fka\u2026 Do\u011farken belden kopuyor, giderken y\u00fcrekten\u2026 Evl\u00e2t ac\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015fka\u2026\u201d
\nO\u011flu, gerilmi\u015f iplerin \u00f6te yan\u0131nda. Biraz evvel \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. A\u011flayarak el sall\u0131yor harabeye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f anneye\u2026
\nMegafonla birer birer \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131yor cetvelden adlar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olanlar. Kulaklar\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir dede, annesine (e\u015fine-H. S. Y.) \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yor:
\n\u201cBizi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar, mare i\u015fitmedin mi? Galiba Fidan dediler.
\nAd de\u011fi\u015ftirme kampanyas\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin \u00e7o\u011fu, Bulgarlar\u0131n istedi\u011fi o Hristiyan ad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil de, a\u011fa\u00e7, veya \u00e7i\u00e7ek ad\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015fti ve bu adlar\u0131 bile i\u015fitmek istemiyorlard\u0131.
\n\u201cFidan dediler, mare!…\u201d
\nVagonlara bindirilecek olanlar\u0131, cetveldeki s\u0131ralar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran emniyet yetkilisi:
\n\u201cBe\u015f senedir adlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenemediniz:\u2026 Ne kal\u0131n kafal\u0131 insanlarm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diye m\u0131r\u0131ldan\u0131yor\u2026
\n(Yenisoy, 2005).<\/p>\n
Ailelerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyordu baz\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131. Bulgar Bilimler Akademisi Sosyoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnden Yahudi k\u00f6kenli Akademisyen Prof. Dr. Niko Yahiel, kendisinin de \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bulgaristan Yahudilerinin g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131 ile T\u00fcrklerin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc aras\u0131nda bir paralellik yapar. Ailelerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla s\u00fcl\u00e2le ba\u011flar\u0131nda, akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131nda kopukluk oldu\u011funu ve birileri gidince s\u00fcl\u00e2lenin, ailenin \u00f6teki bireyleri de yollara d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp bir zincirleme reaksyonu oldu\u011funu belirtir. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 konusunda da uluslararas\u0131 kanunlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r: \u201cBen, heyecanlanmadan olam\u0131yorum, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yahudilerin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc bizzat ya\u015fad\u0131m. O zamanlar benim ailemde de trajedi ya\u015fand\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131 bir ba\u015fka heyecan – ad\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmem i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da ya\u015fad\u0131m. \u0130ribacakov (T\u00fcrk soyad\u0131 olan \u00fcnl\u00fc Bulgar bilim adam\u0131 ve toplumcu-H. S. Y.) soyad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirse, ben de o zaman ad\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiririm, demek mecburiyetinde kald\u0131m. T\u00fcm bunlar hakarettir, onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Todor Jivkov\u2019un yan\u0131na gittim ve beni g\u00f6revimden almas\u0131n\u0131 rica ettim. B\u00f6yle bir ortamda \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 kendilerine s\u00f6yledim.<\/p>\n
1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn sebeplerini 1984\/85 olaylar\u0131nda aramal\u0131y\u0131z. 1984\u2019\u00fcn Aral\u0131k ay\u0131n\u0131n sonunda ba\u015flat\u0131lan, 1985 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart ay\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren k\u0131sa bir zamanda sil\u00e2h zoruyla, asker g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tehdidiyle T\u00fcrklerin adlar\u0131 Hristiyan-Bulgar adlar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirildi, giyim-ku\u015famlar\u0131 yasakland\u0131, camiler tahrip edildi, cenazeler Bulgar mezarl\u0131klar\u0131nda Hristiyan geleneklerine g\u00f6re g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. T\u00fcrk dilinde e\u011fitim \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, evde dahi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmak yasakland\u0131. Tepki g\u00f6steren T\u00fcrkler \u00f6l\u00fcm kamplar\u0131na, cezaevlerine, s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. Ajda Me\u015feli Balkanlar\u2019da T\u00fcrk Olmak adl\u0131 \u015fiirinde o karanl\u0131k g\u00fcnleri \u015f\u00f6yle \u015fiirle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n
\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.
\nZor g\u00fcnlerdi\u2026 Ey Anadolu, \u00e7ok zordu ya\u015fananlar\u2026
\nK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 yaras\u0131ndan beterdi, y\u00fcreklere saplanan ac\u0131lar.
\nYine de dayand\u0131 hepsine T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7evik y\u00fcre\u011fi\u2026
\n\u00d6lmeyi denedi de, dili bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc;
\n\u201cBen Bulgar\u0131m\u201d diyemedi.<\/p>\n
Ne i\u015fkenceler \u00e7ekti nice \u015fanl\u0131 y\u00fcrekler, bir bilsen\u2026
\nAte\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fcmek mi dersin,
\nKan ter i\u00e7inde d\u00f6v\u00fclmek mi dersin\u2026
\nYolda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken, bir t\u00fcrk\u00fc m\u0131r\u0131ldanm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n
\ng\u00f6nl\u00fcnce\u2026<\/p>\n
Para cezas\u0131 yemi\u015fsin.<\/p>\n
\u00dcstelik onlar\u0131n istedi\u011fi gibi de giyinmemi\u015fsin\u2026
\n\u201cAd\u0131n ne?\u201d diye sorduklar\u0131nda,
\n\u201cBen T\u00fcrk\u00fcm!\u201d diye cevap vermi\u015fsin.
\nBulgar oldu\u011funu iddia ettiklerinde de.
\n\u015eiddetle ink\u00e2r etmi\u015f,
\nVe\u2026 zindana mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015fsin.<\/p>\n
Ah Anadolu, bir bilsen\u2026
\nNas\u0131l mahrum ettiler bizi ezan sesinden.
\nRamazanda davul sesinden.
\nBayramlarda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sevincinden.
\nD\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerde bir par\u00e7a musikiden.
\nAd\u0131m\u0131zdan, \u015fanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk ad\u0131m\u0131zdan\u2026
\nNas\u0131l da mahrum ettiler.<\/p>\n
Konu\u015fmam\u0131zdan tut da, k\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131yafete kadar.
\nOkunan kitaplardan, dinlenen plaklara kadar.
\n\u00d6rf ve \u00e2detlerden ibadetimize kadar kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.
\nT\u00fcrk olmay\u0131, hep yasaklad\u0131lar!
\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.
\n(Yenisoy, 2005).<\/p>\n
Totaliter rejim y\u00f6neticileri, devlet mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7lerini harekete ge\u00e7irerek \u201cba\u015far\u0131ya\u201d ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrkler denen bir etnik toplulu\u011fun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya duyurdular. Ama Bulgar halk\u0131yla \u201cg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Bulgar k\u00f6kenine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f Bulgarlar\u201d aras\u0131nda fark yapmaya devam ediyorlard\u0131. Bulgar halk\u0131ndan olanlara geleneksel adlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Bulgarlar, diyorlard\u0131. Zorla Bulgar ad\u0131 verilmi\u015f olanlara ise \u015f\u00f6yle adlar uydurmu\u015flard\u0131: “T\u00fcrk Ahalisi”, “T\u00fcrk Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131”, “Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri”, “T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015f Bulgarlar”, “Kendini T\u00fcrk bilen Bulgarlar”, “T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Bulgarlar”, “Bulgar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131”, “M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Bulgarlar”, “T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli Bulgar yurtta\u015flar\u0131”, “\u00d6z\u00fcmsenmi\u015f Bulgarlar”, “\u0130sl\u00e2mla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Bulgarlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131”, “T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Bulgarlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131”, \u201cGeleneksel Bulgar ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan Bulgarlar\u201d, “T\u00fcrk etnik \u00f6zbilincine sahip Bulgar yurtta\u015flar\u0131”, \u201cT\u00fcrk \u00f6zbilincine sahip Bulgarlar”, \u201cT\u00fcrk dillerini konu\u015fan Bulgarlar”, “T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Bulgarlar”, “T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Bulgarlar toplulu\u011fu”, “Bulgarca konu\u015fmayan topluluk”, “T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli Bulgarlar”, “T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Bulgar k\u00f6kenli yurtta\u015flar”, “Bulgaristan’da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli Bulgar yurtta\u015flar\u0131”, \u201cDe\u011fi\u015fik adlar ta\u015f\u0131yan men\u015fei belirsiz belirli bir grup insan\u201d, “Bulgar olmayan topluluk” vb.
\n*
\nBe\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcren o korkun\u00e7 d\u00f6nemde t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131 giderek artan bask\u0131lar, Zorunlu G\u00f6\u00e7 ile son haddine ula\u015ft\u0131. Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri bu duruma son verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7abal\u0131yor, ama \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimseden, hi\u00e7bir yerden herhangi bir destek bulam\u0131yorlard\u0131. Totaliter rejim y\u00f6neticilerinin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 politikas\u0131 Bulgarlar\u0131 da korkutmu\u015ftu. Sab\u0131r t\u00fckeniyordu. Aktif direni\u015fe ge\u00e7ilmeliydi. May\u0131s 1989\u2019da her \u015feyi g\u00f6ze alan T\u00fcrkler y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe, direni\u015fe ge\u00e7tiler. \u015eehit d\u00fc\u015fenler, yaralananlar oldu, ama seslerini d\u00fcnyaya duyurabildiler.
\nT\u00fcrklerin direni\u015fi \u00fclkedeki politik olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131 ve Todor Jivkov\u2019un idareden indirilmesi, totaliter rejime son verilmesi sa\u011fland\u0131.
\nT\u00fcrklerin direni\u015fini destekleyen baz\u0131 Bulgar ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 da vard\u0131. O korkun\u00e7 g\u00fcnlerde, Temmuz 1989 tarihinde d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc kad\u0131n \u015fair ve yazar, sonra da \u2013 demokrasi s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flar\u0131nda, t\u00fcm T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131yla \u2013 Bulgaristan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 se\u00e7ilen Blaga Dimitrova, Bir Ad ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 eseriyle g\u00f6\u00e7 olaylar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131 ve masum T\u00fcrklere manev\u00ee destek oldu. Daha sonralar\u0131 Almanya\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen uluslararas\u0131 bir forumda da T\u00fcrkleri savundu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n sonbahar\u0131nda Sofya\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen b\u00fcy\u00fck mitinglerden birinde \u00fcnl\u00fc Bulgar mizah \u015fairi ve yazar\u0131 Radoy Ralin: \u201cBiz 35 y\u0131l T. Jivkov\u2019un idare etti\u011fi y\u0131llarda inim inim inledik. T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015flerimizin direni\u015fleri olmasayd\u0131, inan\u0131n daha 35 y\u0131l \u00f6yle inleyecektik. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015flerimize bor\u00e7luyuz\u2026\u201d demi\u015fti. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen Dr. J. Jelev, Sosyaldemokrat Partisi lideri Dr. P. Dertliev ve daha birka\u00e7 Bulgar ayd\u0131n\u0131 bizlere dostluk elini uzatarak haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 istemekte birlik olduk. Adlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n iade edilmesi, dilimiz, dinimiz ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz konular\u0131nda sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yasalarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 istedik\uf02a.
\nOrta Avrupa sosyalist \u00fclkelerinden Polonya, Macaristan, \u00c7ekoslovakya ve Do\u011fu Almanya\u2019da kom\u00fcnist idarelere kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik tarihlerde yap\u0131lan hareketlenmeler, eylemler Bulgaristan\u2019da olmad\u0131, diyenler vard\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de olmad\u0131. Dr. J. Jelev\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re b\u00f6yle eylemde bulunmak, do\u011frudan \u00f6l\u00fcme gitmek, demekti. Bulgar kom\u00fcnistleri Ruslara g\u00f6n\u00fclden ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in Rus\u00e7ay\u0131 Bulgarlara ikinci ana dili olarak daha ilkokul birinci s\u0131n\u0131ftan \u00f6\u011fretmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 da Sovyet Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 16 cumhuriyeti olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kararlar alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu durum M. Gorba\u00e7ov\u2019un perestroykas\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bulgar Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin soya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7irkin bir kavram oldu\u011fununun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek Dr. J. Jelev d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131: \u201cBulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin soya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, bunlar\u0131n politik ve etik a\u00e7\u0131dan soysuzla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyordu. Soya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci bu kadar y\u0131l sonra nereden bak\u0131l\u0131rsa bak\u0131ls\u0131n, ger\u00e7ekten politik bir ak\u0131ls\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r\u201d (\u00c9\u00ee\u00f1\u00e8\u00f4\u00ee\u00e2, 2008).
\nBulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin durumu edebiyat eserlerine de yans\u0131d\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7meni sanat\u00e7\u0131lar da Bulgaristan olaylar\u0131na seyirci kalamazlard\u0131 ve kalmad\u0131lar da. Karde\u015flerinin fel\u00e2ketini eserlerine konu ederek Bulgar totaliter rejimin barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131lar. Olaylardan duyduklar\u0131 ac\u0131y\u0131 \u015fiirle\u015ftirdiler. G\u00f6\u00e7menlik konusu Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na devaml\u0131 damgas\u0131n\u0131 vururken, nedense, bu konu Bulgar sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ilgilendirmedi. Osmanl\u0131-Rus (1877\/78) Harbinden beri ya\u015fanmakta olan bu insanl\u0131k dram\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Bulgar sanat\u00e7\u0131lar sessiz kald\u0131lar. Bulgaristan\u2019da hayat\u0131 bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nde s\u00fcrekli etkileyen g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusu Bulgar edebiyat\u0131nda yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnden 20 y\u0131l, Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma olaylar\u0131ndan da 25 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Bulgaristan\u2019da hayat\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden sarsan bu olaylar (1984\/85 ve 1989\u2019dan bu yana) Bulgar edebiyat eserlerine konu olmu\u015ftur, b\u00f6yle eserlere rastl\u0131yoruz, demekte zorluk \u00e7ekiyoruz. Varsa, onlar da an\u0131 niteli\u011finde baz\u0131 eserlerde k\u0131saca de\u011finildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.
\nG\u00f6\u00e7, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin kanayan bir yaras\u0131 olmaya devam etmektedir. G\u00f6n\u00fcl ister ki g\u00f6\u00e7 ac\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde tekrarlanmas\u0131n, felek bundan b\u00f6yle hi\u00e7 kimseyi zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesin.<\/p>\n
Faz\u0131l B\u00fclent Kocamemi\u2019nin 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Urumeli\u2019nin G\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 adl\u0131 bir eseri yay\u0131mland\u0131. Yazar\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6zlerini okuyal\u0131m:
\nDost olmak? \u0130tiraz\u0131m yok!
\nUnutmak? Asla!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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