\n
Rodop Da\u011flar\u0131, Bulgaristan ve Yunanistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu co\u011fraf\u00ee b\u00f6lge Do\u011fu Rodoplar ve Bat\u0131 Rodoplar olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yerle\u015fim yerleri: K\u0131rcaali, Madan (Osmanl\u0131lar zaman\u0131nda-belgelerde=Madank\u00f6y), Smolyan (1934\u2019e kadar=Pa\u015fmakl\u0131), Velingrat (1948\u2019e kadar: \u00c7epine, L\u0131jene\/Il\u0131calar ve Kamenitsa), Pe\u015ftere.<\/p>\n
Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kentler: \u0130vaylovgrat (1934\u2019e kadar=Ortak\u00f6y), Krumovgrat (1934\u2019e kadar=Ko\u015fukavak), Mom\u00e7ilgrat (1934\u2019e kadar=Mestanl\u0131), Cebel, Ardino (E\u011fridere), Zlatograt (1934\u2019e kadar=Dar\u0131dere), Rudozem (1934\u2019e kadar=Palas), Devin (1934\u2019e kadar=D\u00f6vlen), Dospat, Batak, \u00c7epelare (\u00c7epelli), L\u0131ki.<\/p>\n
Rodoplar<\/b><\/p>\n
Bu da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgede yo\u011fun olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar (T\u00fcrkler ve Pomaklar) ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. 1880\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Rodoplar\u2019\u0131 da ziyaret eden \u00fcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7i K. \u0130re\u00e7ek, etnik tabloyu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce K\u0131rcaali ve Arda nehri vadisi gibi ar\u0131 (temiz) Osmanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi ba\u015fka yerde yoktur, diye yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r1.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde buralarda T\u00fcrk-\u0130sl\u00e2m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc geli\u015fti. Zaman\u0131n e\u011fitim merkezleri olan medreseler b\u00f6lgenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kalk\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda sadece Do\u011fu Rodoplar\u2019da 50\u2019den fazla medrese vard\u0131. Akp\u0131nar (Beli izvor), Pa\u015fmakl\u0131 (Smolyan), \u00c7epinli (\u00c7epintsi) medreseleri ise en me\u015fhur e\u011fitim ocaklar\u0131yd\u0131. Rodop halk\u0131 huzur i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Ancak XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda huzurun yerini b\u00fcy\u00fck fel\u00e2ketler ald\u0131. Olanlar buradaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halka da oldu. Bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00ee olaylar sanat eserlerine konu oldu. \u00c7ekilen \u00e7ileler belleklerde derin izler b\u0131rakt\u0131. An\u0131lar\u0131, anlat\u0131lar\u0131 ve sanat eserlerinden baz\u0131 sayfalar\u0131 kaynak olarak se\u00e7tim ve ger\u00e7ekleri sergilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Geli\u015fen tarih\u00ee olaylar\u0131 takip edelim:<\/p>\n
1876 BULGAR \u0130SYANI<\/b><\/p>\n
A. Otlukk\u00f6y Olaylar\u0131. <\/b>Bulgar \u0130syan\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en olaylar G\u00fcney Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Filibe ve (Tatar) Pazarc\u0131k b\u00f6lgesinde patlak verdi ve T\u00fcrk, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halka da derin yaralar a\u00e7t\u0131. Nisan Ayaklanmas\u0131 olarak da bilinen isyan\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgede patlak vermesi bir rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildi. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n te\u015fvikiyle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan bu isyan\u0131n Bulgar halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmedi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ektir. Sadece Filibe b\u00f6lgesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Filibe \u0130stanbul\u2019a yak\u0131nd\u0131 ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Graf \u0130gnatiev\u2019in etkisi burada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Filibe\u2019de Viskonsol\u00fc g\u00f6revinde bulunan Bulgar Nayden Gerov, bu b\u00f6lgenin Avratalan (Kopriv\u015ftitsa) k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fmu\u015f, Rusya\u2019da (Odesa\u2019da) e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, Rusya uyruklu biriydi. Otlukk\u00f6y\u2019\u00fcn de isyan\u0131n bir merkezi olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 bir rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildi-Nayden Gerov\u2019un do\u011fdu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeydi ve buralarda kendisini destekleyenler bulunabilirdi. \u0130syanc\u0131lar\u0131n lideri Georgi Benkovski de Avratalan (Kopriv\u015ftitsa) do\u011fumluydu.<\/p>\n
\u0130syan\u0131n \u00f6nderlerinden biri olan ve daha sonralar\u0131 Bulgaristan Ulusal Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 g\u00f6revine kadar y\u00fckselen Zahari Stoyanov, Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Harbinden birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBulgar \u0130syanlar\u0131 \u00dczerine Notlar\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde isyan hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f ve sadece T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerini de\u011fil, Bulgar k\u00f6ylerini de kendilerinin yakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bir\u00e7ok masum T\u00fcrk\u00fc, nas\u0131l vah\u015fice \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini itiraf etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczre, (Tatar) Pazarc\u0131k \u015fehrine ba\u011fl\u0131 Otlukk\u00f6y (Panag\u00fcri\u015fte), ayaklanman\u0131n merkezlerinden biri oldu\u011fundan, buradaki olaylar b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiddetiyle \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk geli\u015fir. Z. Stoyanov\u2019un eserinden \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 okuyal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
\u201cS\u00fck\u00fcnetin koruyucular\u0131 veya daha do\u011frusu, Sultan idaresinin temsilcileri, H\u00fck\u00fcmet Kona\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcndeki kanepelere, g\u00fcne\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 uzanm\u0131\u015flar, ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p rahat\u00e7a geriniyorlard\u0131. Bay \u0130van\u2019\u0131n evindeki sil\u00e2h sesleri dahi onlar\u0131 h\u00e2len \u00fcrk\u00fctmemi\u015fti\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ayaklanman\u0131n liderleri Panayot Volov ve Georgi Benkovski isyanc\u0131lar\u0131 meydanda toplarlar ve burada bulunan be\u015f-alt\u0131 T\u00fcrk \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen be\u015f-alt\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00fcn cesetleri yere serilmi\u015fti. Cesetler, f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131 \u00e7eteli gibi do\u011franm\u0131\u015f ve bi\u00e7imsizle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her gelen, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kanlamak i\u00e7in art\u0131k \u00e7oktan so\u011fumu\u015f cesetlere ac\u0131mas\u0131zca sapl\u0131yordu. Bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 da parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kana bat\u0131r\u0131p yal\u0131yordu. B\u00f6yle bir hareketin \u015farapla ekmek yeme ayini yerine ge\u00e7ece\u011fi anlam\u0131 vard\u0131. P. H. S. sadece yalamakla tatmin olmad\u0131 ve cesedin \u00fczerine e\u011filerek yaralar\u0131n \u00fczerinde birikmi\u015f kandan bir avu\u00e7 ald\u0131 ve \u015ferbet gibi i\u00e7ti\u201d.<\/p>\n
Yazar, manzaray\u0131 bu bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klayarak isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n son derece i\u011fren\u00e7 hareketinin T\u00fcrklere beslenen kinin, nefretin bir ifadesi oldu\u011funu ve her \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen T\u00fcrk, Bulgarlar\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck sevin\u00e7 duygular\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor\u2026<\/p>\n
Ayaklanman\u0131n lideri G. Benkovski ve yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Z. Stoyanov, k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri zoraki isyana te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in Bulgar k\u00f6ylerinden Smolsko, Kamenitsa ve Rakovo\u2019nun yak\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar. Z. Stoyanov \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n
\u201cPetri\u00e7\u2019ten gitmeden \u00f6nce sadece Benkovski ve ben (Bulgar k\u00f6yleri olan-H. S. Y.) Smolsko, Kamenitsa ve Rakovo k\u00f6ylerini gizlice yakarak k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri isyana mecbur ettik\u201d.<\/p>\n
Bulgar k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri, k\u00f6ylerini T\u00fcrkler ve \u00c7erkezler taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sanarak, bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 nefretleri de artar. Bunun i\u00e7in k\u00f6yleri alevler i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Bulgarlar, isyanc\u0131 \u00e7etelere bir kurtar\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakmaya, isyanc\u0131lara yard\u0131m etmeye ba\u015flarlar:<\/p>\n
\u201cSmolsko\u2019dan olanlar, g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131yla bize k\u00f6ylerinin nas\u0131l yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131lar. Onlara g\u00f6re, k\u00f6yleri canavar \u00c7erkezler taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Biz, Smolsko y\u00f6n\u00fcnden geldi\u011fimiz ve \u00c7erkezlerden kendimizi kurtarabildi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in alk\u0131\u015flan\u0131yorduk. Smolsko, Kamenitsa\u2019dan olan isyanc\u0131lar ise bizi g\u00f6r\u00fcnce sevindiler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bizim burada bulunmam\u0131zla k\u00f6ylerini daha iyi koruyabileceklerini san\u0131yorlard\u0131. Zavall\u0131lar! Onlar, bizim en korkun\u00e7 katiller oldu\u011fumuzu bilmiyorlard\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u0130syan\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131ndan sonra isyanc\u0131lar, \u00e7ete ba\u015f\u0131 G. Benkovski\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek isterler:<\/p>\n
\u201cAk\u015fama do\u011fru \u00e7eteciler aras\u0131nda, halka her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yard\u0131m ve ba\u015far\u0131 vaad ederek onlar\u0131 isyana te\u015fvik eden voyvoda Benkovski\u2019yi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, Otlukk\u00f6yl\u00fc birka\u00e7 isyanc\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek istedikleri s\u00f6ylentileri ortaya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n
Olaylar\u0131n b\u00f6yle cereyan\u0131ndan sonra isyanc\u0131lar \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmak istemez ve:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130syan\u0131na da, \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da, voyvodas\u0131na da l\u00e2net olsun!\u201d derler.<\/p>\n
\u0130syanc\u0131lar gizlenmek i\u00e7in da\u011flara \u00e7\u0131kar. Voyvoda G. Benkovski, alevler i\u00e7indeki k\u00f6yleri i\u015faret ederek:<\/p>\n
\u201cAmac\u0131ma ula\u015ft\u0131m art\u0131k! Zalimin (T\u00fcrk Devletinin-H. S. Y.) kalbinde \u00f6ylesine bir yara a\u00e7t\u0131m ki, bu yara hi\u00e7bir zaman kapanmayacak! Rusya\u2019ya gelince-emretsin, yeter!… dedi ve gidip bir kay\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na oturdu\u201d.<\/p>\n
Kocabalkan\u2019da sefil bir durumda dola\u015fan isyanc\u0131lar, hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tamamen u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve bu ki\u015fileri teselli edecek herhangi bir tatl\u0131 s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyecek bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201cAllah\u0131m, O (Benkovski-H. S. Y.), nas\u0131l tavsiyelerde bulunabilirdi ki, nas\u0131l bir umut olabilirdi? Art\u0131k yalanlar da bitmi\u015fti\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u00c7etenin voyvodas\u0131 G. Benkovski ile gitmek isteyen isyanc\u0131lar:<\/p>\n
\u201c-Voyvoda! Papaz dede! Bizi bu \u0131ss\u0131z, g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6rmeyen ve rutubetli yerde b\u0131rak\u0131p gitmeyin! K\u00f6ylerimizi yakt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bizi aldatt\u0131n\u0131z \u015fimdi de bizden ka\u00e7\u0131yorsunuz!.. arkam\u0131zdan \u00fcmitsizlik, \u00e7aresizlik i\u00e7inde ac\u0131 ac\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n
Mill\u00ee karakteri olmayan ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan haz\u0131rlanan bu ayaklanmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirenlerin ard\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu Bulgar halk\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi biliyor:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00dc\u00e7 s\u0131\u011f\u0131rtma\u00e7tan en ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131, kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc parmakla i\u015faret ederek:<\/p>\n
Sizin bu i\u015finizin arkas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u201cAy\u0131\u201d Rusya duruyor galiba ve sizlere onun adamlar\u0131 desem yan\u0131lmam\u201d, dedi1.<\/p>\n
B. Batak Olaylar\u0131. <\/b> Bat\u0131 Rodoplar\u2019\u0131n Batak k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki olaylara da Bulgarlar sebebiyet verir. \u0130syanc\u0131lar 200\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n T\u00fcrk, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocu\u011funu diri diri yakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r3. B\u00f6lge halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olan anlat\u0131lara g\u00f6re \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman erkekler aras\u0131nda Barutunlu Ahmet A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n iki o\u011flu da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Vergi memuru olarak oralarda bulunan ve vergi toplayan iki karde\u015f Batakl\u0131 isyanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan vah\u015fice \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrler\u2026 Bu ac\u0131 haber duyulur duyulmaz Barutunlu Ahmet A\u011fa ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk, isyanc\u0131lardan intikam al\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Filibe Viskonsol\u00fc Nayden Gerov, etraf k\u00f6ylerin mezarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan da taze mezarlar\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131rarak, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan cesetleri Batak k\u00f6y\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131tt\u0131r\u0131p T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kafalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve resim \u00e7ektirmi\u015ftir. Bu ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131k, T\u00fcrklerin Bulgarlara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vah\u015fet olarak d\u00fcnyaya il\u00e2n edilmi\u015f, Avrupa Komisyonu bu k\u00f6ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece bir d\u00fcnya kamuoyu olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131 Devletinden su\u00e7lu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir. Nice masum T\u00fcrkler, nice masum M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar haks\u0131z olarak cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r\u2026 Ruslar\u0131n yaygaralar\u0131 sayesinde Avrupa\u2019ya ve d\u00fcnyaya Bulgar katliam\u0131 olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lan olaylar, asl\u0131nda bir T\u00fcrk, bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman katliam\u0131 olarak da geli\u015fmi\u015ftir\u2026<\/p>\n
1877\/78 OSMANLI-RUS HARB\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n
1876 Bulgar \u0130syan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ac\u0131 olaylar\u0131n onulmaz yaralar\u0131na bir y\u0131l sonra, 1877\/78 Osmanl\u0131-Rus (Doksan\u00fc\u00e7) Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck fel\u00e2keti de eklenince, neden Filibe ve (Tatar) Pazarc\u0131k b\u00f6lgesinden g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f bir f\u0131rsat bilinerek masum T\u00fcrklerden, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan 1876 y\u0131l\u0131 isyan\u0131n\u0131n intikam\u0131 vah\u015fi bir bi\u00e7imde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Eski Za\u011fra\u2019dan sonra ilerlemekte olan deh\u015fet sa\u00e7an Kazaklar ve \u00f6teki Rus asker\u00ee birlikleri katliamlar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Filibe ile Pazarc\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki K\u0131r\u00e7ma (Kri\u00e7im) vadisinde canavarl\u0131klar geni\u015f boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerinin, T\u00fcrk evlerinin ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131, yak\u0131lmas\u0131 olaylar\u0131 T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131 panik i\u00e7inde g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u00f6z konusu vadide Rus askerleri ve Bulgarlar taraf\u0131ndan onbinlerce T\u00fcrk\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, T\u00fcrk k\u00f6ylerinin yak\u0131l\u0131p yerle bir edildi\u011fi ve sadece Pazarc\u0131k\u2019ta 938 evin, caminin ve okullar\u0131n tahrip edildi\u011fi bildirilmektedir4. K\u00f6ylerini, kasabalar\u0131n\u0131 terk edenler \u0130stanbul yolunu tutmu\u015f ve g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131nda so\u011fuktan, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan can vermi\u015flerdir. Bir Alman demiryolu memuru, Pazarc\u0131k\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki tepelerde so\u011fuktan donan 400 ki\u015filik g\u00f6\u00e7men kafilesinin i\u00e7inde hayatta kalabilmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funu cesetler aras\u0131nda bulmu\u015f ve kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r5. K\u0131r\u00e7ma (Kri\u00e7im) arazisinin kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda Ayd\u0131nk\u00f6y (\u0130sperihovo)-Yenik\u00f6y (Novo selo) yolunun yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan tepeler aras\u0131ndaki al\u00e7akta katledilen T\u00fcrklerin kanlar\u0131 dere gibi akm\u0131\u015f ve bu yer g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Kanl\u0131dere olarak bilinmektedir. Onbinlerce T\u00fcrk de Rodoplar\u2019a, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015fleri yan\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Can\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nan T\u00fcrkler ah\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 da unutmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6lgedeki ya\u015fl\u0131 Bulgarlardan edinilen bilgilere g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkler evlerini terk ederken, ah\u0131rlardaki hayvanlar\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmesin diye, bunlar\u0131 korulara, k\u0131rlara sal\u0131vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Hask\u00f6y ve Mustafa Pa\u015fa b\u00f6lgesi halk\u0131 da Rus askerlerinin canavarl\u0131klar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015f, bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y yerle bir olmu\u015ftur. Geli\u015fen olaylar, T\u00fcrklerin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n direni\u015fine sebep olmu\u015f, ge\u00e7ici Rus idaresine boyun e\u011filmedi\u011fi gibi, Rodoplar\u2019\u0131n Do\u011fu Rumeli\u2019ye ba\u011flanmas\u0131 da kesinlikle kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece 1886 T\u00fcrkiye-Bulgaristan Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla K\u0131rcaali ve Rup\u00e7az (Rup\u00e7oz) b\u00f6lgleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Rodoplar\u2019\u0131 terenn\u00fcm ederken, E\u011fridereli \u015fair \u0130zzet Din\u00e7 (1890-1965) Rus askerlerine kar\u015f\u0131 koyan direni\u015f\u00e7ilerin kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da \u015fiirlerinden birinde \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirmektedir:<\/p>\n
\u201cK\u0131rcali\u2019nin ovas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n
Hayran etti herkesi<\/p>\n
O aslanlar yuvas\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkleri \u00e7akmakl\u0131<\/p>\n
Mill\u00ee m\u00fcthi\u015f bir ordu,<\/p>\n
Bir taraf\u0131 Pa\u015fmakl\u0131<\/p>\n
Kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 o yurdu.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 Salima (\u011fa)<\/p>\n
Canavard\u0131 \u0130smail\u2026<\/p>\n
Olmu\u015flard\u0131 Ruslara<\/p>\n
O t\u00fcfeklerle hail\u2026\u201d6<\/p>\n
BALKAN SAVA\u015eLARI (1912-1913)<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00fcrklerin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki etkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131, Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 (1877\/78) Harbinde g\u00f6r\u00fclenlere \u00e7ok benzer etkiler yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her iki sava\u015fta da \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, \u0131rza ge\u00e7me ve soygunlar T\u00fcrklerle di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 evlerinden-barklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6k\u00fcp atm\u0131\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin elinde kalabilmi\u015f topraklara s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Harbiyle 1912\/13 Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klar da vard\u0131r. Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Harbi sadece Rusya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: T\u00fcrkleri g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye zorlayacak planlar\u0131 bunlar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymu\u015flard\u0131. Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131nda ise, sava\u015fan birka\u00e7 devlet vard\u0131. Zafer kazanan her birisi de zaptetti\u011fi topraklarda T\u00fcrklerin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son bulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemekteydi. Sava\u015flara kat\u0131lan her Balkan \u00fclkesi, T\u00fcrk-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131 kendisinin zaptetti\u011fi \u00fclkeden \u00f6tekinin \u00fclkesine s\u00fcr\u00fcyor, hatta oraya s\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin oradan da gerisin geriye s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri oluyordu. Bunun M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00fczerindeki etkisi nas\u0131l nitelenirse nitelensin, \u015furas\u0131 kesindir ki Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Harbinden daha k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu. \u0130\u00e7lerinde ba\u015f g\u00f6steren \u00f6l\u00fcm telefat\u0131, 1878\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha y\u00fcksekti7.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nceki tarih\u00ee devirlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan haydutluk, \u00e7etecilik, daha sonralar\u0131 da komitac\u0131l\u0131k harek\u00e2t\u0131, yeni tarih\u00ee ko\u015fullarda da yeni adlar ve yeni bi\u00e7imleriyle T\u00fcrklere, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik \u0131rza ge\u00e7me, yol kesme, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme gibi eylemler devam etmi\u015ftir. Belirli d\u00f6nemlerde ve \u00f6zellikle Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 izleyen y\u0131llarda geni\u015f boyutlara ula\u015fan b\u00f6ylesi olaylar t\u00fcrl\u00fc varyantlar\u0131yla destan, efsane, menk\u0131be, a\u011f\u0131t gibi T\u00fcrk folklor t\u00fcrlerinde ifadesini bulmu\u015ftur. Birka\u00e7 varyantta bilinen bir a\u011f\u0131tta al duvakl\u0131 bir gelinin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler \u015fu dizelerde canland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Ald\u0131lar beni ana<\/p>\n
K\u0131na gecemde<\/p>\n
G\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler beni ana<\/p>\n
Ulu balkana, ulu balkana<\/p>\n
Sordular bana ana<\/p>\n
Kimin k\u0131z\u0131s\u0131n<\/p>\n
Ben gene dedim ana<\/p>\n
Ali (H)ocan\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131y\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n
Kay\u0131n yapraklar\u0131 ana<\/p>\n
D\u00f6\u015feyim oldu<\/p>\n
Kay\u0131n k\u00f6kleri ana<\/p>\n
Yats\u0131y\u0131m oldu<\/p>\n
Komita kebesi ana<\/p>\n
Yorgan\u0131m oldu<\/p>\n
\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.8<\/p>\n
Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 Doksan\u00fc\u00e7 Harbinden farkland\u0131ran bir \u00f6zellik daha vard\u0131r-M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 zorla Hristiyan yapma, isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme emellerinin insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi. S. Selvi, bunu \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirmi\u015ftir<\/p>\n
\u201cBalkanlar deyince, akl\u0131ma rahmetli anac\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 gelir hep\u2026 Babam\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131k ka\u015flar\u0131\u2026 Teyzemin nas\u0131l da\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelir\u2026 K\u0131zar\u0131m, k\u00f6p\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fcm kendi kendime\u2026 Dolar\u0131m, dolar\u0131m da bo\u015falamam\u2026<\/p>\n
Balkanlar deyince\u2026<\/p>\n
Drama\u2019n\u0131n \u00c2l\u00ee k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn ahalisinin papazlar taraf\u0131ndan camiye nas\u0131l kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, nas\u0131l din de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeye zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cMuhammed\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131n!\u201d emirleri gelir g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne\u2026<\/p>\n
Balkanlar deyince\u2026<\/p>\n
Bu, zorla din de\u011fi\u015ftirme operasyonunda, papazlar\u0131n vaftiz suyunu, nas\u0131l \u00c2l\u00ee M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine serptikleri, nas\u0131l isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve \u201cArt\u0131k Hristiyan oldunuz!\u201d s\u00f6zleri gelir\u2026<\/p>\n
Balkanlar deyine\u2026<\/p>\n
Yine o operasyonda, zorla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan g\u00fcnahs\u0131z insanlar\u0131n ar\u015fa varan ahlar\u0131\u2026 Ve\u2026 bu ahlara dayanamayan ta\u015f duvar caminin zang\u0131r zang\u0131r titredi\u011fi ve direklerin \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelir akl\u0131ma\u2026<\/p>\n
Balkanlar deyine\u2026<\/p>\n
Zorla din de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye maruz kalan bu insanlar\u0131n, \u201cEyvah\u2026 Hristiyan m\u0131 olduk?\u201d, \u015f\u00fcphesiyle tekrar iman tazelemeleri\u201d ve \u201cgus\u00fcl abdesti\u201d almalar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlar\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n
Balkanlar deyince\u2026<\/p>\n
Rahmetli anac\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n bu anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 gelir g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne ve g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n
Balkanlar deyince\u2026<\/p>\n
Rahmetli teyzemin Bulgar komitac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l da\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelir, Yunan komitac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hayvanlar\u0131 nas\u0131l gaspedildi\u011fi gelir\u2026<\/p>\n
\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte, Balkanlar deyince\u2026<\/p>\n
Benim akl\u0131ma, g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne hep bunlar gelir\u2026 K\u0131zar\u0131m, k\u00f6p\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fcm kendi kendime\u2026 Dolar\u0131m dolar\u0131m da bo\u015falamam\u201d9.<\/p>\n
Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131nda Rodop M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n dinini ve adlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f korkun\u00e7 olaylar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131ndan silinmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Gazeteci yazar Salih Bozov, \u201cBir Ad U\u011furuna (V imeto na imeto) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi eserinde Rodop M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ac\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, ac\u0131 anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getirerek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kla, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir insanl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla bunlar\u0131 kitapla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar\u0131n kitab\u0131ndan \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 okuyal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
\u201cKasap b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, t\u00fcfek dip\u00e7ikleri ve s\u00fcng\u00fcler havada \u00f6ylesine savruluyor ki, masum insanlar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 \u00f6ylesine savruluyordu ki, bundan sonra gelecek papaz\u0131n, vaftiz kandiline, kutsal su ve tamyana ve ha\u00e7a yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. Minareler devriliyor, camiler y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor, y\u0131k\u0131lan camilerin alt\u0131nda masum M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar can veriyordu. \u00c7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak eller havaya kalkarak k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 savrulu\u015funda parmaklar gidiyor, ikincide bilekler parampar\u00e7a oluyor! Bir bakm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n ki, eller kollar da ayn\u0131 ak\u0131beti payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f\u2026<\/p>\n
Bunlar yaz\u0131lmad\u0131k tarihin sayfalar\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131lar. An\u0131lar, an\u0131lar, bu an\u0131larda k\u00f6yler, mezralar artarda diziliyor. Ve b\u00f6ylece Rodop insan\u0131n\u0131n kara talihinin kara \u00e7ergesi dokunuyor. D\u00f6k\u00fclen kanlar \u00e7oktan ta\u015f topra\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ama bu \u00e7oktan b\u0131\u00e7aktan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131, ta\u015fa topra\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan kan\u0131 s\u0131ms\u0131cak bir h\u00e2le getiriyor, avu\u00e7 avu\u00e7 ellerinde tutarcas\u0131na\u2026 \u015eimdi bu ta\u015f topra\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan kandan candan yeni kilimler, \u00e7ergeler dokunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ten, \u00e7ok derinlerden gelen bir ses, tane tane anlat\u0131yor o g\u00fcnleri, o korkun\u00e7 ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131\u201d10.<\/p>\n
Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 takip eden g\u00fcnlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin deste\u011fini kazanmak amac\u0131, Bulgaristan y\u00f6neticilerini geri ad\u0131m atmak mecburiyetinde b\u0131rakt\u0131-M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n adlar\u0131 iade edildi, camilerde ibadet etmelerine, geleneksel k\u0131yafetlerini giyebilmelerine izin verildi.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llar sonra yine Rodoplar\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k hedef al\u0131nd\u0131. 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda Smolyan\u2019da \u201cDrujba-Rodina\u201d (Dostluk-Karde\u015flik) cemiyeti kuruldu, yay\u0131n organ\u0131 \u201cRodopi\u201d (Rodoplar) dergisi de \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yeni kurulan cemiyetin amac\u0131: M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Hristiyan yapmakla onlarda Bulgarl\u0131k bilinci uyand\u0131rmak, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman adlar\u0131n\u0131 Hristiyan adlar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklamak, geleneksel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u0131yafetlerini (fes, ferace, ya\u015fmak, \u015falvar vb.) yerine Bulgar k\u0131yafetlerini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak, s\u00fcnnet gelene\u011fini yasaklamak, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 domuz eti yemeye mecbur etmek vb. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinde Rodop\u2019lardaki baz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman din yetkililer de kullan\u0131ld\u0131, askerlik hizmetini yeni tamamlam\u0131\u015f deneyimsiz Rodop gen\u00e7leri de kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda da faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u201cRodina\u201d cemiyet \u00fcyeleri Rodop M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131na kan kusturdu11.<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI SONRASI D\u00d6NEM<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra idareye gelen kom\u00fcnistler, az\u0131nl\u0131klara b\u00fcy\u00fck vaatlerde bulundular, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f barbarl\u0131klar\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131lar. Ancak zamanla bunlar\u0131n da eski y\u00f6neticilerden farkl\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 1950\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrk okullar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verildi. Program d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dersleri bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011frenciye yasakland\u0131, sonra da bu derslere tamamen son verildi. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Rodoplar\u2019da K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131 ad\u0131yla geni\u015f \u00e7apta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131 ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-ideolojik faaliyet bir vatanseverlik ifadesi olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyordu. Belirli aileler, belirli y\u00f6reler yine ad de\u011fi\u015fimi bask\u0131lar\u0131yla sars\u0131ld\u0131. 1970-1972 aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde t\u00fcm devlet g\u00fc\u00e7leri harekete ge\u00e7irilerek bir\u00e7ok masum M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve hatta bir\u00e7ok ev hayvan\u0131 tanklar alt\u0131nda ezilerek can verdi. Bir\u00e7ok insan cezaevlerine, Belene \u00f6l\u00fcm kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. Yazar K\u00e2\u015fif Kaps\u0131zov (Burovo, Smolyan D. 1941-\u00d6. Sofya 1992) bu olaylar\u0131 romanla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131*. \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00c7aylar\u0131n Biti\u015fi (\u201cKrayat na pototsite\u201d) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan roman\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u201dDar\u201d K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mland\u013112.<\/p>\n
Bu eserinde yazar, Orfey\u2019den sonra Rodoplar\u2019da \u00e7\u0131nlayan t\u00fcrk\u00fclerin susturulmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcrl\u00fc imalarla sembolize eder. Bu t\u00fcrk\u00fcleri yer alt\u0131nda akan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7aylarla k\u0131yaslama yapar. Yazara g\u00f6re Rodoplar\u2019\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fi, Rodop t\u00fcrk\u00fclerinden, ulu da\u011flar\u0131n senfonisinden bir k\u0131tac\u0131kt\u0131r. Hayat\u0131 \u00e7ilelerle dolu olsa da, t\u00fcrk\u00fcler, \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesinin bir \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk\u00fc bir bayram, hatt\u00e2 \u00fcst\u00fcn bir \u015fey olsa gerek. Romanda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u0130smail Dede\u2019nin, canileri g\u00f6r\u00fcnce t\u00fcrk\u00fcy\u00fc yar\u0131da kesip susmas\u0131 \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc totaliter rejim bu hususta son s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n t\u00fcrk\u00fclerini s\u00f6ylemeleri, okumalar\u0131 yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yazar, \u201cYeniden do\u011fu\u015f\u201d (Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma) s\u00fcrecine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Adlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi sonucu \u00fcniversiteden kovulan, Belene \u00f6l\u00fcm kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen gen\u00e7ler de onun g\u00f6z\u00fcnden ka\u00e7maz. Karakterleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ustal\u0131kla tipikle\u015ftirir. \u015eirin\u2019in babas\u0131 Hasan Uzun, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve nitelikleriyle dikkati \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n
S\u0131ra art\u0131k T\u00fcrklere gelmi\u015fti ve tanklar, k\u0131z\u0131l bereliler, t\u00fcm devlet g\u00fc\u00e7leri Mestanl\u0131 (Mom\u00e7ilgrat) meydan\u0131nda masum insanlar\u0131n, bebeklerin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Sonra olaylar t\u00fcm Bulgaristan\u2019a yay\u0131ld\u0131, \u00f6len \u00f6ld\u00fc, kalan kald\u0131… Totaliter rejim y\u00f6neticileri Bulgaristan\u2019da T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa son verdiklerini sand\u0131lar… Korku, deh\u015fet sa\u00e7an g\u00fcnler, aylar, y\u0131llar birbirini izliyor, halk kan a\u011fl\u0131yordu. \u00c7ekilen \u00e7ileler, akan kanl\u0131 g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 romanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, \u015fiirle\u015ftirildi. Emine Hocao\u011flu (Mestanl\u0131, Kirkovo D., 1958) \u015fiirlerinden birinde \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n
\u201cZorbal\u0131k i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck,<\/p>\n
Bayramlardan ne\u015feden uzak.<\/p>\n
Diken olduk b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz toprakta<\/p>\n
Kaderimiz yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ezelden<\/p>\n
Anlayan yoktu ki h\u00e2lden.<\/p>\n
T\u00f6ren \u015fenlik bilemedik,<\/p>\n
Namaz vakti namaz\u0131 k\u0131lamad\u0131k<\/p>\n
Ezan vakti ezan\u0131 duyamad\u0131k<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocuk do\u011furduk ad\u0131n\u0131 koyamad\u0131k,<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00fc g\u00f6md\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dikemedik\u201d13.<\/p>\n
1989\u2019da yeni bir k\u0131yamet koptu: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin tarihinde B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7 olarak bilinir. Bulgar y\u00f6neticiler buna \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Gezi\u201d demeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Utan\u00e7 trenleri, u\u00e7aklar kilometrelerce uzayan otomobil kervanlar\u0131 Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerini, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. 2 Haziran 1989\u2019dan 22 A\u011fustos 1989 g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar, yani iki bu\u00e7uk ayl\u0131k k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 320 000 Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye zorunlu olarak g\u00f6nderildi. T\u00fcrklere yap\u0131lan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fkenceler, ac\u0131mas\u0131z olaylar baz\u0131 Bulgar ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n da tepkisine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu korkun\u00e7 g\u00fcnlerde, Temmuz 1989 tarihinde d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc kad\u0131n \u015fair ve yazar, sonra da-demokrasi d\u00f6nemi s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flar\u0131nda-Bulgaristan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 se\u00e7ilen** Blaga Dimitrova, \u201cBir Ad\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131sa eseriyle bu olaylar\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131 ve masum T\u00fcrklere manevi destek oldu. \u0130\u015fte Blaga Dimitrova\u2019n\u0131n tarih\u00ee yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131lar:<\/p>\n
-E\u011fer \u00f6z ad\u0131n\u0131 senden zorla al\u0131p yerine ba\u015fka bir ad kabul ettirmeye kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu d\u00fcped\u00fcz ki\u015fili\u011fine y\u00f6neltilen katlan\u0131lmaz bir sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u201cAd\u0131n\u0131n zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor, tecr\u00fcbeyi silip at\u0131yor, tarihi ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131yor\u201d.<\/p>\n
Bulgar makamlar\u0131 T\u00fcrklere i\u015fte b\u00f6ylesine kaba bir sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131yor Blaga Dimitrova ve devamla \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n
\u201cE\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman vatanda\u015flar\u0131n adlar\u0131na dokunulmasayd\u0131, kendi dillerini konu\u015fmalar\u0131, dini adetlerini yapmalar\u0131 yasaklanmasayd\u0131, eminim ki, hi\u00e7bir i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f tahrik onlar\u0131 kafileler halinde yollara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyecekti. Evlerini, mal\u0131n\u0131-m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc, yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n aziz mezarlar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u011f ve bah\u00e7eleri \u00f6ylece b\u0131rak\u0131p yollara d\u00fc\u015fen bu zavall\u0131lar, \u00e7i\u011fnenen insan onurlar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in her\u015feyi g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bo\u015falan \u015fu t\u00fct\u00fcn tarlalar\u0131, \u015fu \u0131ss\u0131z at\u00f6lye ve k\u0131rlar, \u015fu endi\u015feli bak\u0131\u015flar, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00fczerlerine uygulanan, o \u00e7irkin bask\u0131ya bir cevapt\u0131. Kendilerine \u00f6rnek patriot (vatansever) dedikleri o bizim y\u00fcksek \u00e7evre mensuplar\u0131 kendi T\u00fcrk soyadlar\u0131n\u0131 neden de\u011fi\u015ftirmediler? Kendimizin katlanamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden ba\u015fkas\u0131na uyguluyoruz?…\u201d<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z\u00fcmona \u201cyeniden do\u011fu\u015f\u201d s\u00fcrecinin su\u00e7lular\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n
\u201cAnonim su\u00e7 yok. Su\u00e7lular bulunmal\u0131. O bir avu\u00e7 sorumsuz fonksiyoner a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131 ve halk\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u0131nanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir de \u015fu var, hepimiz susmasayd\u0131k, b\u00fcrokratik mekanizma b\u00f6ylesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015famazd\u0131… Su\u00e7luyuz. Ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 hepimiz su\u00e7luyuz! Ve bu y\u00fczden \u015fimdi cezal\u0131y\u0131z. Vatan\u0131n ya\u015fam temposu bozuldu: Emekliler fabrikalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor g\u00fc\u00e7leri yetti\u011fi kadar. \u00d6\u011frenciler ve \u00f6\u011fretmenler k\u0131rlarda mahsul\u00fc toplamaya cal\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Memurlar inek \u00e7iftliklerinde sa\u011fmay\u0131, \u00e7ay\u0131rlarda bi\u00e7meyi \u00f6\u011freniyorlar… Bu a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7un cezas\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ekecek. Belki de bize l\u00e2net edecekler. Hayali bir zenginlik i\u00e7in, turistik bir gezi, b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7 i\u00e7in veya s\u0131rf macera i\u00e7in insan yerini yurdunu b\u0131rak\u0131r m\u0131? O, bunu yak\u0131n veya uzak ajanslar\u0131n etkisiyle de yapmaz. Yaparsa, anadili hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in yapar, dininden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yapar, ba\u015fl\u0131ca ad\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yapar.<\/p>\n
Oysa bir ad\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de kolay de\u011fil. Bunun i\u00e7in onu gaspetmeye, de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye veya lekelemeye kimsenin hakk\u0131 yoktur\u201d.<\/p>\n
1993\u2019te Almanya\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen uluslararas\u0131 bir forumda Blaga Dimitrova, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleriyle ilgili: \u201cBulgarlar aras\u0131nda bir s\u00f6z vard\u0131r: Kom\u015fular\u0131n T\u00fcrkse, senden mutlusu yoktur, demektir\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
10 Kas\u0131m 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019da totaliter rejime son verildi ve \u00fclkede demokrasiye bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrkler de, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da yollara d\u00f6k\u00fclerek 10 Kas\u0131mdan sonra Sofya\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen mitinglere yo\u011fun olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131lar ve: \u201cAdlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 iade edin!\u201d, \u201cDini geleneklerimizi yasaklamay\u0131n!\u201d, \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders g\u00f6rmelerine de izin verin!\u201d gibi isteklerini dile getirdiler. Mitinglerin birinde \u00fcnl\u00fc Bulgar \u015fair ve mizah yazar\u0131 Radoy Ralin: \u201cBiz 35 y\u0131l T. Jivkov\u2019un idare etti\u011fi y\u0131llarda inim inim inledik. T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015flerimizin direni\u015fleri olmasayd\u0131, inan\u0131n daha 35 y\u0131l \u00f6yle ge\u00e7ecektik. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015flerimize bor\u00e7luyuz…\u201d demi\u015fti***.<\/p>\n
Radoy Ralin ile ara s\u0131ra g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, dertle\u015fiyor, baz\u0131 \u015feyleri payla\u015f\u0131yorduk. Yazar Nikolay Haytov\u2019un da hem bir insan olarak hem bir yazar olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara i\u015flemi\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 dile getiriliyordu. Bulgar edebiyat\u0131nda \u201ck\u00f6ken arama ak\u0131m\u0131\u201d temsilcilerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunuyordu Nikolay Haytov ve \u201ck\u00f6ken aray\u0131c\u0131, insanlar\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131ran\u201d ad\u0131yla Bulgar edebiyat tarihine ge\u00e7ti14. \u201cRodina\u201d cemiyetinde \u00fcyeli\u011fi y\u0131llar\u0131nda, sonra da totaliter rejim d\u00f6neminde Rodop M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n etnik k\u00f6keni konusundaki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar vazge\u00e7medi. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonlar\u0131nda kendisine hayat\u0131n\u0131n en mutlu an hangisidir soruldu\u011funda Nikolay Haytov: \u201cBoyan Sar\u0131ev\u2019in K\u0131rcaali y\u00f6resinde (yani T\u00fcrklerin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n en yo\u011fun ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede) bir ruhban (Hristiyan) okulu a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011fum an, hayat\u0131m\u0131n en mutlu an\u0131yd\u0131…\u201d diye cevap verdi\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 Bulgar bas\u0131n\u0131… Boyan Sar\u0131ev, totaliter rejim d\u00f6neminde 20 y\u0131l polis \u015fefi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fah\u0131st\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/p>\n